问答题你攻读博士学位的目标是 ______. 2．你确定这一目标的原因是 ______. 3．你将如何努力实现。 清华大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) We all believe in something or someone. We must believe, just as we must eat, sleep, and reproduce. (46) {{U}}Mankind has an insatiable need for and an irresistible attraction to a vast array of beliefs about gods and demons, magic and miracles, truth and falsehood, love and hate, same and different.{{/U}} Implausible, even irrational ideas, have been cherished for centuries. Saints and other martyrs suffered indescribable pain and agony, even death, for their beliefs. Scientists have been put to death for their belief that the earth is round, or that there is an invisible force called gravity, or that the earth is not the center of the universe with the sun revolving around it, or that the blood circulates throughout the body, or that Man evolved from lower forms of life. (47) {{U}}Religious leaders have attracted millions of people with their version of how life began and how we must behave; if people do not believe in medicine and science religion, education, government and the social contract, chaos results 'and no society can tolerate that which is why all societies impose order on their members.{{/U}} We must believe or face unbearable ambiguity and anxiety. Is the most effective belief system one that is composed of absolutes—unyielding, unvarying and eternal? (48) {{U}}The answer is yes. because when we eliminate doubt from a situation we feel secure, restored to balance but if the belief system is science and is based on objective information without absolutes and requires a questioning attitude, it unnerves people.{{/U}} Any system that offers definitive answers to complex human questions and problems: this is right, this is wrong, this is true, this is false — one question, one answer only, is very appealing. (49) {{U}}All beliefs require confirmation from an authoritative source whether that be a priest, a rabbi, a family member, a special friend, an expert — one who commands obedience and respect.{{/U}} Perhaps all belief is composed of the same elements in approximately the same proportions for even science requires a suspension of some disbelief, some uncertainty, however miniscule. Black Holes and the Big Bang are metaphoric truths derived from the physics we know now. But you have to believe, to have faith in the methods of science to gather information, to analyse and interpret it objectively in order to accept its conclusions. No one witnessed the Big Bang, or a Black Hole. These were inferred from careful study and analysis by many researchers. (50) {{U}}Fear of the unknown certainly lends credence to any charismatic figure who makes great promises of a better life now and after death, which has worked throughout the ages and still does.{{/U}}

问答题Part B Directions: Translate the following into English. 消除贫困是当代世界的重大课题。发达国家应该从提供资金、减免债务、转让技术、 平等贸易等方面，支持和帮助发展中国家振兴经济，提高人民的生活水平，这也符合发达 国家的长远利益，各国经济共同增长和普遍繁荣，是人类努力的方向。

问答题1I was six years old when, one day, my dog was struck, by a car while getting ready for school. 2My mother and I heard the terrifying sound of squealing brakes. 3In a low voice, she said, Oh, my God—Blackie. 4I remember trailing her out the door and seeing a car fill with teenagers and a spreading pool of bright blood on our cobblestoned street. 5To me, it seemed only a matter of seconds until a police car pulled up. 6The officer glanced at the crumpled dog under the car. 7And drew his gun. 8My mother shouted, "No!" 9She crawled halfway under the car and took the dog, like a sack of flour, out from under the wheels, 10Her housedress was splashed with blood, she cradled the limp dog in her arms and ordered the officers to drive her to the vets office, 11It was only then that she remembered me, I think. 12She patted my head, was telling me to walk up to school, and reassured me that Blackie would be all right. 13The rest of the story including Blackie's slow recovery and few more years of life, are fuzzy and vague now. 14But the sights and sounds of those few moments are as vivid to me now as they were twenty-five years ago.

问答题Directions: Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article. 护士在糖尿病护理中既可以发挥专家的作用，也可以只承担其中的部分护理工作。不管是何种场所的护理，都应强调病人的自我护理。 自我护理是处理糖尿病的关键，开始得越早越好。不过，当糖尿病患者确实需要帮助时，就必须由知识丰富的专业健康人士提供。 传统上，英国的糖尿病教育是由糖尿病专科护理师承担的，他们还承担着其他临床、治疗和研究工作。有些教育是以一对一的方式进行的，但健康专业人士已逐渐认识到，糖尿病患者互相间也能学到很多东西，因此，小组教育已经成为一种标准，还可以邀请同伴或家人参加。邀请家庭食品采购和烹制人员加入教育也很重要。他可能是家庭成员之一，也可能是家务女工或疗养院护理员。 随着社区内糖尿病人数的增加，执业护士和地区护士已经承担了过去由糖尿病护理专家所从事的很多工作。因此，他们也将参与糖尿病教育的计划和实施。今天，由于糖尿病护理专家都是在医院工作，很多糖尿病患者，特别是二型糖尿病患者，都看不到这些护理专家。 当今技术的发展，使人们的健康咨询方式发生了很大变化。电话或因特网已经成为获取健康信息的常用手段。结果，越来越多的人开始求助于拥有有用(有时也是令人迷惑)信息的健康专业人士，他们的信息或者来自上述渠道，或者来自电台、电视和朋友。伯明翰正在尝试举办数字电视互动式健康咨询节目，一些健康促进机构已经接触这些节目和互动CD光盘。 这都为病人提供了更多的选择，应该受到欢迎。这可能意味着，护士的角色将发生变化，她们将不再是第一个提供信息的人，新的重要角色将出现，包括解释信息对个人及其朋友和亲属的意义、创办论坛，以及讨论如何实施建议。 护理糖尿病患者的护士必须有共同的工作目标，因此，制定目标和决定病情优先处理顺序便成为护理的重要因素。研究表明，糖尿病并发症可以预防。如果确实出现并发症，其恶化进程也可以减缓。关键是要控制血糖。 一型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白目标是7.5%，二型为低于7%。血压是导致糖尿病并发症的一个因素，两种糖尿病的血压都应低于140/80mmHg，且越低越好。当然应以不出现低血压症状为宜。 注意：写作部分要求50分钟内完成。

问答题Passage Two A few years ago, at the height of the dotcom boom, it was widely assumed that a publishing revolution, in which the printed word would be supplanted by the computer screen, was just around the corner. It wasn't: for many, there is still little to march the joy of cracking the spine of a good book and settling down for an hour or two of reading. But a recent flurry of activity by big technology companies—including Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Yahoo!—suggests that the dream of bringing books online is still very much alive. The digitizing of thousands of volumes of print is not without controversy. On Thursday, Google, the world's most popular search engine, posted a first installment of books on Google Print, an initiative first mooted a year ago. This collaborative effort between Google and several of the world's leading research libraries aims to make many thousands of books available to be searched and read online free of charge. Although the books included so far are not covered by copyright, the plan has attracted the ire of publishers. Five large book firms are suing Google for violating copyright on material that it has scanned and, although out of print, is still protected by law. Google has said that it will only publish short extracts from material under copyright unless given express permission to publish more, but publishers are unconvinced. Ironically, many publishers are collaborating with Google on a separate venture, Google Print. Publisher, which aims to give readers an online taste of books that are commercially available. The searchable collection of extracts and book information is intended to tempt readers to buy the complete books online or in print form. Not to be outdone, Amazon, the world's largest online retailer, has unveiled plans for its own foray into the mass e-book market. The firm, which began ten years ago as an online book retailer, now sells a vast array of goods. No doubt piqued that Google, a relative newcomer, should impinge upon its central territory, Amazon revealed on Thursday that it would introduce two new services. Amazon Pages will allow customers to search for key terms in selected books and then buy and read online whatever part they wish, from individual pages to chapters or complete works. Amazon Upgrade will give customers online access to books they have already purchased as hard copies. Customers are likely to have to pay around five cents a page, with the bulk going to the publisher. Microsoft, too, has joined the online-book bandwagon. At the end of October, the software giant said it would spend around $ 200m to digitize texts, starting with 150, 000 that are in the public domain, to avoid legal problems. It will do so in collaboration with the Open Content Alliance, a consortium of libraries and universities. (Yahoo! has pledged to make 18, 000 books available online in conjunction with the same organization. ) On Thursday, coincidentally the same day as Google and Amazon announced their initiatives, Microsoft released details of a deal with the British Library, the country's main reference library, to digitize some 25m pages; these will be made available through MSN Book Search, which will be launched next year. These companies are hoping for a return to the levels of interest in e-books seen when Stephen King, a bestselling horror writer, published "Riding the Bullet" exclusively on the internet in 2000. Half a million copies were downloaded in the first 48 hours after publication. But this proved to be a high-water mark rather than a taste of things to come. While buyers were reluctant to sit in front of a computer screen to read the latest novels, dedicated e-book-reading gadgets failed to catch on. The market for e-books is growing again, though from a tiny base. Both retailers and publishers reckon they will eventually be able to persuade consumers to do a lot more of their reading on the web. Some even hope they can become to online books what Apple's iTunes is to online music. But there are crucial differences between downloading fiction and downloading funk. Online music was driven from the bottom up: illegal file-sharing services became wildly popular, and legal firms later took over when the pirates were forced (by a wave of lawsuits) to retreat; the legal providers are confident that more and more consumers will pay small sums for music rather than remain beyond the law. And the iPod music player anti its like have proved a fashionable and popular new way to listen to songs. The book world has no equivalent. So the commercial prospects for sellers of online books do not yet look very bright. But they may get a lift from some novel innovations. The ability to download mere parts of books could help, for instance: sections of manuals, textbooks or cookery books may tempt some customers; students may wish to download the relevant sections of course books; or readers may want a taste of a book that they subsequently buy ill hard copy. And the ability to download reading matter onto increasingly ubiquitous hand-held electronic devices and 3G phones may further encourage uptake. In Japan, the value of e-books(mainly man-ga comic books)delivered to mobile phones has jumped, though! It will be worth only around 6 billion yen($51m), according to estimates.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Your neighbor often plays records so loudly deep into the night. Write a note to convey your complaint. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题Tom said Marl would go yesterday.

问答题生态农业

问答题Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? (Passage Four)

问答题当代英国著名学者李约瑟对中国古代的发明创造及其传播做了大量而深入的研究之后，得出如下结论：“倘若没有中国古代科技的优越贡献，我们西方文明的整个过程，将不可能实现。试问若无火药、纸、印刷术和罗盘，我们将无法想象，如何能消灭欧洲的封建主义，而产生资本主义。”

问答题Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled: "We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics. " The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People's Congress or the People's Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced to do so. What do you think?

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Title: {{B}}Examination{{/B}} {{B}}Outline:{{/B}} 1. People's attitude toward examinations varies from person to person. 2. As far as students and teachers are concerned, examinations are meaningful. 3. In a word, the advantages of examinations outweigh the disadvantages. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Identify the following two poems and make a brief summary of their main points to compare their attitudes toward death.(1 x20 =20 points)Poem 1Death be not proud, though some have called theeMighty and dreadful, for, thou art not soe:For those whom thou think" st thou dost overthrowDie not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me.From rest and sleepe, which but thy picture be,Much pleasure: then from thee much more must flow,And soonest our best men with thee do go,Rest of their bones, and soul" s delivery.Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,And dost with poison, war, and Sickness dwell,And poppy, or charms can make us sleep as well,And better than thy stroke: why swell" st thou then?One short sleep past, we wake eternally,And death shall be no more: Death, thou shalt die.Poem 2Death is a Dialogue betweenThe Spirit and the Dust."Dissolve" says Death—The Spirit "SirI have another Trust" —Death doubts it—Argue from the Ground—The Spirit turns awayJust laying off for evidenceAn Overcoat of Clay.

问答题Directions: Suppose you"re read in an essay that states: "The computer is playing an increasingly important role in education so that some scholars get the idea that there will be no need for schools someday... " Write an article entitled Will Computers Replace Schools? You should write no less than 200 words.

问答题UN Charter

问答题nuclear deterrent

问答题冗余