阅读理解What Trumps Election Means for China Battlegrounds have been drawn this past week in the United States historic election, and POTUS 2017 will, for the first time since Dwight Eisenhower, go to a man who has never before held public office as an elected official

阅读理解Passage 1 There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence

阅读理解PASSAGE ONE What does the statement

阅读理解Passage 4Having a job is great, I have learned.It means I can afford things such as a place to live and daily meals. And with an above-average job, I can afford a car and occasional overseas vacations.However, I also understand how difficult it is to have a below-average job, having had many of them before. Its frankly pretty awful. Owning a car was out of the question- f could barely afford to ride the subway.So, I decided to go to university and get a degree.Later, I emailed my details to every company and government institution with an online careers page. I even printed y resume and handed it out in what seemed like hundreds of office buildings.One summer during university, my cousin and I helped out at my uncle's business, fixing roofs,although the only thing I got out of that was back problems. That same year, I got a job at a plumbing(管道工程)company, which 1 was terrible at. It was no surprise when I was asked to leave that job after only four days.A lot of people today believe that the problem of unemployment in my generation is our fault. Some accuse us of being lazy or over self- confident. At the same time, some people accuse members of my generation of having a sense of "specialness" that has led us to believe we can all be astronauts, movie stars or singers if we put our minds to it. Also, a few of them think that we would all be happily employed if we would only learn trades or become software engineers, because those people make the most money.I realize that not everyone can go into space or become a star in Hollywood movies,however. I also think not everyone can make a good electrician or design advanced computer software- I know I can't.Everyone is good at something, but no one is good at everything It took me hundreds of rejection emails to realize that I had to focus on finding a job where I could actually be successful.And now.1 finally have that job. All it took was several years of desperation, failure and an honest assessment of my personal value in the job market.It's not the best start, but it's not bad for a start too.What was the author's life like before he went to university?

阅读理解What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America―breakthroughs such as the telegraph ,the steamboat and the weaving machine? 　　Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country''s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology ;the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal," spatial" thinking about things technological. 　　Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanic, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry. 　　Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported," With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline ,the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman." 　　A further stimulus to invention came from the "premium" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives. 　　In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance. 　　Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist." 　　This nonverbal "spatial" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote," The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea." 　　When all these shaping forces―schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking―interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.

阅读理解 It is difficult for outsiders to gauge people's sense of well-being, simply by viewing their lives. And yet despite the difficulty, economists seem increasingly determined to do just that, by trying to wrestle life's intangibles into measurable data. Forty years after the Gross National Happiness index was invented by the King of Bhutan, happiness is finally gaining attraction as a serious national indicator. Last week, economists at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which represents 34 major economies, told a packed auditorium in Paris that they hoped their Better Life Index—launched a year ago—would persuade governments to focus as much on factors like environment and community cohesiveness, as on GDP measurements like productivity and income. 'The index of material conditions is still extremely important,' the OECD's chief statistician Martine Durand told the audience of about 350 people, including economists and officials from around the world. 'But what we are saying is that there is more to life than just money.' Now several countries seem to have taken note. The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services is working on a national happiness index for Americans (whose 'pursuit of happiness,' The Washington Post noted, is fundamental to the country) that the U. S. would then track, much as it does income and working hours. And last year, in the midst of massive spending cuts, Britain's Office of National Statistics began a Well-Being Index, at a cost of $ 3 million a year, collecting statistics on people's levels of anxiety and confidence. Surprisingly, the first index showed Brits being generally happy with life, with older people being happiest of all. But no effort seems to match the ambition and scope of the OECD's Better Life Index. Launched in May last year, it collates statistics in 36 countries (Russia and Brazil signed on this month) on 24 indicators; as of this year, those include gender and inequality. There are factors on the list that seem tricky to quantify, like 'work-life balance,' and 'life satisfaction,' as well as the more obvious ones like education, health, and income. Having worked for years to design the index, OECD statisticians then confronted the complexities of measuring factors which were subjective and vague. So they launched an online tool called 'Your Better Life Index,' allowing people anywhere to rank how important each factor on the list is to them, and then compare how their ideal stacks up against real-life statistics. In effect, the Better Life Index is now whatever each person decides it should be. If education is the most important thing to you, go live in Finland, not Mexico; if work-life balance is most important, Denmark is your place, while the U. S. ranks near bottom.

阅读理解 Today this dangerous situation has been largely alleviated. Henry, a 77-year-old pensioner from East London, still lives alone and happily practices golf swings in his back garden safe in the knowledge that his body is able to cope with the extra exertion. What has altered Henry's life is not some wonder drug but a simple change in the way his illness is managed. Every day Henry hooks himself up to monitoring devices whose results are helped him to understand it and overcome its more debilitating effects. 'Telehealth has given me confidence in myself because I know my own body now,' he says. He adjusts what he does according to what his daily readings tell him about his condition. Henry is just one of a growing number of pioneering patients who are trusting their futures to telehealth. Large trials are under way around the world to evaluate the idea. With elderly populations and the incidence of age-related illnesses growing telechealth promises to give people the independence they need to remain in their own homes. It could also reduce the burden of healthcare costs. The disorder that makes Henry's life so difficult is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (DOPD), a condition that affects some 800,000 people in England. The airways in his lungs have narrowed, leaving him with severe shortness of breath and blood oxygen levels that can fall dangerously low. With his new equipment, Henry can keep a close eye on how his body is doing. He received for measuring his blood oxygen level and pulse rate, a blood pressure monitor and a set of speaking scales. Each connects wirelessly to a unit collates the readings and sends them to a team of medical specialists, who watch for suspicious changes. If the readings look bad, they call him to discuss appropriate action. Henry too can see the readings on his television, where they are displayed with the help of a special set-top box. Whether a day is good or bad depends largely on Henry's blood oxygen level. Before joining the telehealth program, he could only guess at that. Now he knows if the reading is low, he can take action. When the reading is high, he can go about his business confident that his oxygen level will see him through. 'Telehealth is a good thing for me,' says Henry. 'I know that on the other end of the telephone there's a little angel and if anything goes wrong it shows up on the television and she's on the phone within five minutes.'

阅读理解BIf someone asks me: "Do you like music?" I'm sure I will answer him or her: "Of course, I do."  I think music is an important part of our lives.Different people have different ideas about music For me, Ilike rock music because it's so exciting. And my favorite rock hand, the "Eagles", is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate Li Lan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music. She thinks jazz is really cool."I like dance music and rock very much," says my brother,"because they are amazing."But my mother thinks rock is boring."I like some relaxing music," she says, That's why she likes country music, I think.41 The "Eagles" is the name of____.

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 4It was September of 1620 when their ship, called the “Mayflower” left port with 102 men, women and children on board. This was the worst season of the year for an ocean crossing, and the trip was very uneven. After sixty-five days at sea, she landed in Provincetown Harbor, Massachusetts.The Pilgrim leaders knew that they were in unsettled territory which had no governing body. They also knew that in order to survive, every society needed a means of establishing and enforcing proper rules of conduct. Partly to protect themselves from others, forty-one men aboard the ship held a meeting to choose their first governor and sign the historic Mayflower agreement, the first one for self-government in America.For about a month longer, the Pilgrims lived aboard ship and sent out parties to explore the coastline of the bay. They found a harbor, and cleared land, which was an Indian village, but a disease a few years earlier had killed the entire Indian population. Coming ashore in their small boat, the Pilgrims landed on a large rock later named Plymouth Rock. This was the beginning of the second permanent English settlement in America.The Pilgrims were poorly trained and poorly equipped to cope with life in the wilderness. During their first winter in the new land, they suffered a great deal. Poor food, hard work, diseases, and bitterly cold weather killed about half of them. By the end of this terrible first winter, only about fifty Plymouth colonists remained alive.One spring morning in 1621, an Indian walked into the little village of Plymouth and introduced himself in a friendly way. Later he brought the Indian chief, who offered assistance. The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to hunt fish, and grow food. Because of this help from the Indians, the Pilgrims had a good harvest. Then the first Thanksgiving dinner was cooked and served out-of-doors, and the holiday was a great success.

阅读理解We are living in the age of a telecommunications revolution. In order to keep from getting (1) , many developing countries are making an intensive effort to strengthen their telecommunications infrastructure. This will help them (2) the developed countries. It was, after all, advanced telecommunications (3) gave some countries an economic advantage (4) others during the 20th century. There is one place that developing nations are (5) improve upon. That is enabling their citizens and businesses to get (6) to the Web. They are installing advanced optical fibers. These fibers, a millimeter in (7) , can bring the information superhighway to their door. The (8) investments that countries like Vietnam are making may seem too great because they still lack basic (9) , like electricity and water. However, government officials say that these moves are (10) . They are also confident that their countries will (11) the benefits. They will benefit from having more (12) and up-to-date telecommunications equipment and gaining more (13) . One Vietnamese leader said, It is understandable that people want to (14) their immediate problems first. Still, our entire future is (15) . People dont always understand the (16) of the problem, though. He continued, There are problems with using the antique communications equipment. And if we continue to use such old equipment, the (17) between us and the developed world will continue to widen. (18) have to be made now so that our children will have a country with opportunities equal (19) those they see in the developed world. It will not be far (20) they can cruise alongside Americans and Western Europeans on the information superhighway.

阅读理解Passage 3 The Return of Artificial Intelligence It is becoming acceptable again to talk of computers performing human tasks such as Problem-solving and Pattern-recognition

阅读理解There are great careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people'' s work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a "trained" man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist—and especially the administrator—deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly. Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you—but this is a pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

阅读理解Questions 61 to 70 are based on the following passage

阅读理解In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence — as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

阅读理解These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green buildings can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices. Buildings account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use. But green buildings can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of natural resources such as gasoline, and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on previously developed land, so that the buildings don''t destroy forests or other wild habitats (栖息地). Marty Dettling is project manager for a building that puts these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country''s first green residential high-rise building. According to Dettling, "We''ve reduced our energy consumption by one-third and our water by 50 percent." Not everyone is leaping to move into a green building, however. Some people think that features such as solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Despite this, Dettling hopes that green buildings will become common in the future. "It''s going to be big," she said.

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should deicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneDuring the past few years, scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding—writing, any kind of writing, but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail’s surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Any-one with a personal computer, a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the Internet, or net.E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous (Writer can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication.Jeremy Bernstein, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicist’s umbilical cord. Later other people, too, have been discovering its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it; everybody is using it; and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”

阅读理解Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spihch put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. "As our tests became more complex." sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins." He predicts, "Smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."

阅读理解What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

阅读理解Why crime has risen so much further and faster in Britain than in any other rich country over the past half-century is anybody''s guess. Maybe it''s the result of near-American levels of relative poverty and family breakdown combined with a European reluctance to bang up quite such a large proportion of the population as America does. Anyway, the long-term causes are of less immediate interest to the government than a short-term solution. Popular concern about crime is rising:23% of people rated it as one of the most important issues for the govenment at the beginning of this year;34% do now. 　　An official report concluding that the criminal justice system is failing has added to the government''s problems. The Audit (审计) Commission, the government''s watchdog, says that the police too often charge suspects with the wrong offences, use inaccurate computerized information and face serious inefficiencies in the forensic science (the use of scientific methods by the police) service. Court delays alone are costing taxpayers ￡ 80m( ＄120m) a year. The result is that few criminals are brought to justice and even fewer convicted. Only 6% of the more than 5m offences recorded by the police last year resulted in a conviction. Hardly surprising, then, that more than half the public believes that the criminal justice system is ineffective. 　　The main purpose of the White Paper published last year is to address concerns that the procedures of the court are weighted too heavily against the prosecution, It includes many sensible and uncontroversial proposals. It asks for more support for witnesses, many of whom are frightened of testifying. A survey of one London court found that, of 140 witnesses called in a two-week period, only 19 actually turned up. 　　Making juries more representative must also make sense. Getting off jury service is too easy. In some London courts, two-thirds of those called for jury service fail to turn up. As a result ,juries are often composed of housewives, the unemployed and the retired. The White Paper recommends a check on professionals'' getting off service, who can excuse themselves by saying their work is too important, and proposes penalties for those who fail to comply. 　　Other proposed reforms will be more controversial. At present, no defendant can be tried for the same offence twice even if compelling new evidence emerges. The government''s plan to scrap that law will be resisted by civil liberties campaigners, as will the proposal that previous convictions should be disclosed in open court where they are relevant to the case being heard. 　　Whether or not such proposals make it into law, the White Paper did not do much to address public concerns. The reason why 94% of crimes do not result in a conviction is that three-quarters of them are not cleared up, and so nobody is charged. That is the fault of the police, not the courts; and that is the part of the criminal justice system that the government needs to focus on if it is to make a difference.

阅读理解Passage 4 The train began to slow down among the fields