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单选题Please ______ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places,
since the law forbids them.
A. restrain
B. hinder
C. restrict
D. prohibit
单选题It is essential that you ______ your study habits if you expect to do well in college.
单选题W: Could you please make up this prescription(药方) for me?M:______A. No. You need to see a doctor first.B. Yes. You can buy the medicine from the drugstore at the comer.C. Well. It is prescribed clearly in that book.D. Certainly, I'll do it for you right away.
单选题Only one animal can walk 200 miles without stopping once to rest. It would take a person two days and two nights to walk this far, and only one man has ever done it without stopping. What amazing animal has such endurance? The camel! The camel is well known for something else, too. It can cross an entire desert without a single drink of water. Its body is built in a special way to help it store water and food. A person has just one stomach, but a camel has quite a few. Within each stomach are layers and layers of cells. These cells are like tiny water balloons, storing liquids until the camel needs them. When the camel drinks, the ceils grow larger and larger. For a whole week, they can keep the animal's thirst away by sending water to all parts of its body. And did you ever wonder why the camel has a hump? The hump is a storage place for fat. Because it has this storage area, the camel does not need to eat very often. When the animal needs energy, the layers of fat serve as fuel to keep it going on the long, hot days in the burning sun. The camel has one other gift that makes it well suited to arid regions. This gift is its amazing nose. A camel can smell a water hole from miles away! When a camel moves it sways from side to side like a ship on a wavy ocean. Because of this swaying motion, the camel has been called the "Ship of the Desert./
单选题If a scientist holds an idea to be true and finds any counter-evidence whatever, the idea is either ______ or abandoned. A. testified B. ascertained C. violated D. modified
单选题With his blows knitted, the doctor
contemplated
the difficult operation he had to perform.(2004年秋季电子科技大学考博试题)
单选题______, a product should have beauty of line, color, proportion, and texture; high efficiency and safety of operation; convenience or comfort in use; ease of maintenance and repair, durability; and expression of function in terms of form. A. Under a large quantity of prevailing criteria of design B. By a large sum of severe criterion set by the association C. According to a large amount of the industrial criteria D. With a number of ultimate criterion laid down by the union
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单选题At present______than doing well in our socialist economic construction.
单选题Mother told Rose to buy some sugar in the supermarket and ______.A. she did soB. so she didC. so did sheD. she did such
单选题Private enterprise is the thing. We went to a party on the river earlier this summer. The host (31) is old enough to know better, served a lunch made with his home-made wine. As I was driving, I was (32) to decline, but my wife politely took a glass and subsequently fell upstairs. The wound (33) weekly dressing by the district nurse, a talkative soul who enjoyed the social (34) of her work. She stayed for most of the afternoon, admiring things and gossiping about village life. At about the (35) time I called in the regional crime officer, to advise me on how to make the house reasonably secure against the child criminals who commit most of the (36) in these parts. He, (37) , was a companionable soul and made an afternoon of it. And why is it that when I write to a public utility (38) as the gas board. I get a printed card to tell they received my letter and will shortly act on it? The money spent on printing, typing, filling in and stamping these cards (39) add up to a very large sum indeed, when spread over all these industries. No commercial house sends such acknowledgements. Money. (40) it reaches a public service, loses the value that was stamped on it by the trouble to get it.
单选题He never hesitates to make such criticisms ______ are considered helpful to others. A. that B. what C. which D. as
单选题There was a river with a small town on either side of it. The towns were linked by a bridge. One day, a hole appeared in the bridge. Both towns agreed that the hole should be mended. However, disagreement came up as to who should mend it. Each town thought that it had a better reason for the other to mend the hole. The town on the right bank said that it was at the end of the road, so the left-bank town should mend the hole. The town on the left bank, on the other hand, insisted that all the traffic came to the right-bank town, so it was in their interest to mend the bridge. The quarrel went on and on, and so did the hole. The more it went on, the more the hostility between the two towns grew. One day a man fell into the hole and broke his leg. People from both towns questioned him closely about whether he was walking from the right bank to the left or from the left bank to the right, in order to decide which town should be blamed for the accident. But he could not remember, since he got drunk that night. Some time later, a ear was crossing the bridge and broke an axle (轴) because of the hole. Neither town paid any attention to the accident, as the traveler was not going from one to the other, but was merely passing through. The angry traveler got out of the ear and asked why the hole was not mended. On hearing the reason, he declared, "I'll buy this hole. Who's the owner?" Both towns at once declared that they owned the hole. "One or the other, whoever owns the hole must prove it. " "How shall we prove it?" asked both sides. "That' s simple. Only the owner of the hole has the right to mend it. I' ll buy the hole from whoever mends the bridge. " People from both towns rushed to do the job while the traveler smoked a cigar and his driver changed the axle. They mended the bridge in no time and asked for the money for the hole. "What hole?" The traveler looked surprised. "I can' t see any hole. I' ve been looking for a hole for several years now. I' m prepared to pay a good. price for it, but there' s no hole here. Are you pulling my leg or what?" He got into his car and drove off.
单选题It's very kind ______ invite me to your birthday party. A. from you to B. of you to C. by you to D. that you
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单选题Years ago, a cigarette commercial asked if you were smoking more, but enjoying it less. That describes the way many of us live today. We are doing more, but enjoying it less. And when that doesn't work, we compound the problem. In our frantic search for satisfaction, we try stuffing still more into our days, never realizing that we are taking the wrong approach. The truth is simple; so simple it is hard to believe. Satisfaction lies with less, not with more. Yet, we pursue the myth that this thing, or that activity, will somehow provide the satisfaction we so desperately seek. Arthur Lindman, in his devastating book, The Harried Leisure Class, described the futility of pursuing more. His research focused on what people did with their leisure time. He found that as income rose, people bought more things to occupy their leisure time. But, ironically, the more things they bought, the less they valued any one of them. Carried to an extreme, he predicted massive boredom in the midst of tremendous variety. That was more than twenty years ago, and his prediction seems more accurate every year. Lindman of course, is not the first to discover this. The writer of Ecclesiastes expressed the same thought thousands of years ago. It is better, he wrote, to have less, but enjoy it more. If you would like to enjoy life more, I challenge you to experiment with me. How could you simplify your life? What could you drop? What could you do without? What could you stop pursuing? What few things could you concentrate on? The more I learn, the more I realize that fullness of life does not depend on things. The more I give up, the more I seem to gain. But words will never convince you. You must try it for yourself.
单选题The Taliban once controlled much of this trade, but the recent power vacuum could
exacerbate
the problem.
单选题Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit (学分) which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester (学期). A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
单选题There are some that would argue that hospitals are no place for dogs, while they are wrong. At least according to new research reported at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2005. For people hospitalized with advanced heart disease, it is better to have visitors than to lie quietly alone. But one type of visitor seems to be especially beneficial, researchers reported on Tuesday. That visitor is a dog. In the first controlled study of the effects of pet therapy in a random sample of acute and critically ill heart patients, anxiety as measured on a standard rating scale dropped 24 percent for those visited by a dog and a human volunteer, by 10 percent for those visited by a volunteer alone and not at all for those with no visitors. Similar results were found in measures of heart and lung function. The senior author of the Pet Therapy Study, Kathie M. Cole, said 76 patients with heart failure, a condition that affects an estimated five million Americans, were randomly assigned one of the three visit types. The dogs, from 12 breeds, were screened for behavior and disease before participating in the study. "Some patients in the first group," Ms. Cole said, "began to smile and immediately engaged in conversation with dog and volunteer. " "Their worries seemed to vanish fiom their faces," she said. The researchers examined the patients three times: right before the 12-minute visit, eight minutes into it and tour minutes after it was over. Besides the anxiety measurement, researchers found, patients' levels of epinephrine, a hormone the body makes when under stress, dropped 17 percent when visited by a person and a dog, and 2 percent when visited by only a person. Epinephrine levels rose an average of 7 percent in the unvisited group in the study, which was financed by the Pet Care Trust Foundation, a nonprofit group. Pressure in the heart's top left chamber dropped 10 percent after a visit by volunteer and dog. The same pressure rose 3 percent for those visited by a volunteer and 5 percent for the unvisited group. Pressure in the pulmonary artery dropped 5 percent during and after a visit by volunteer and dog, but rose in the other two groups. Ms. Cole recommended further studies to determine how long the benefits lasted. "Dogs are a great comfort," she said. "They make people happier, calmer and feel more loved. That is huge when you are scared and not feeling well. /
单选题______, he could not lift the weight.
单选题It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been ______ since the tripling of tuition fees to ￡9,000 a year.(2013年北京大学考博试题)
单选题The old man is looking forward to______Shanghai.
单选题The ______ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)
单选题English sounds[1]and[r]are liquids.
单选题This factory turns out______ as they did a decade ago.
单选题In Clements' eyes, Japanese animation
单选题The scheme for rebuilding the city center______, owing to the refusal of a council to sanction the expenditure of the money it would have required. A. fell down B. fell off C. fell out D. fell flat
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单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
In 10 years, the mutual-fund industry
won't even be called that. The term "mutual fund" will be much too confining to
encompass(包括) the various types of mixed investment vehicles(手) that will be
available to investors around the world. Technology, especially the Internet,
will be the most significant driver, affecting every aspect of the mutual-fund
industry, from products and delivery to providers and customers.
The future version of today's mutual funds will be available for purchase
across the globe by citizens of many nationalities in just about any currency.
The average investor will be able to trade bonds as well as stocks with ease
24-hours a day, 365 days a year by using voice-held, satellitelinked PCs. A
Brazilian citizen, for example, will be able to buy shares of the Vanguard 500
Index Fund in London at midnight, using its price in New York at 02:00 Greenwich
Time, to be settled in Japanese yen. With the vast amount of
information and instantaneous (瞬间) service available to investors through the
Internet, the merits of an investment product will drive its consumption.
Investment products in the next decade will come in finer shades of investment
objectives. Demand for investment products will be huge around the world. In the
United States, there has been considerable discussion of the impact that
maturing baby boomers will have on financial markets and levels of investment.
The subsequent Generation X and Internet Generation groups are very likely to
pick up any slack (呆滞,萧条) due to disinvestment by boomers, and on their own,
elevate investment to a new level by 2008. Generation X'ers(新生的一代人) appear to be
more highly motivated to invest than the boomers, while the Net Generation' s
comfort level with technology will stimulate investment as
well.
单选题Animal studies are under way, human trial protocols are taking shape and drug makers are on alert. All the international health community needs now is a human vaccine for the bird flu pandemic sweeping a cluster of Asian countries. The race for a vaccine began after the first human case emerged in Hong Kong in 1997. Backed by the World Health Organization (WHO), three research teams in the US and UK are trying to create a seed virus for a new vaccine. Their task is formidable, but researchers remain optimistic." There are obstacles, but most of the obstacles have been treated sensibly," says Richard Webby, a virologist at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. The biggest challenge is likely to be the rapidly mutating virus. Candidate vaccines produced last year against the H5N1 virus are ineffective against this year's strain. Scientists will have to constantly monitor the changes and try to tailor the vaccine as the virus mutates. They can't wait to see which one comes next. The urgency stems from fears that I-ISN1 will combine with a human flu virus, creating a pathogen(病原体) that could be transmitted from person to person. But if people have no immunity to the virus, the strain may not mutate as rapidly in people as it does in birds. To quickly generate the vaccine, researchers are using reverse genetics, which allows them to skip the long process of searching through reassorted viruses for the correct genetic combination. Instead, scientists clone sequences for hemagglutinin(红血球凝聚素) and neuraminidase(神经氨酸苷酶), the two key proteins in the virus. The sequences are then combined with human influenza genes to create a customized reference strain. Because products developed with reverse genetics have never been tested in humans, the candidate vaccines will first have to clear regulatory review. In anticipation, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) are both preparing pandemic response plans. The EMEA has produced a fist-track licensing program, an industry task force and detailed guidance for potential applicants. In Europe, a reassortant influenza virus -- but not the inactivated vaccine -- produced by reverse genetics would be considered a genetically modified organism, and manufacturers would need approval from their national or local safety authorities. The WHO has prepared a preliminary biosafety risk assessment of pilot-lot vaccine, which could help speed up the review. A preliminary version of their protocol calls for several hundred subjects, beginning with a group of young adults and gradually expanding to include those most susceptible to the flu -- children and the elderly." If we had product," says Lambert," it would probably be a couple of months at the earliest before we have early data in healthy adults./
单选题I could just see a bike in the distance, but I couldn't ______ what color it was.
A make out B. make sense
C. make way D. make for
单选题All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.
单选题Please ask him to come in and wait here. We simply can't______to offend such an important person to our company.
单选题Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia (痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones (荷尔蒙), U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer"s (早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
"Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy (怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen (雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects," Kinsley said.
"It"s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals," he added in a telephone interview. "They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes."
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer"s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
"When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down," said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
"They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain."
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单选题I've been very lazy but I'm going to turn over a new______and work hard.
单选题Any government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must be prepared to accept the______.
单选题（四川大学2010年试题） You probably know that it's better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that's been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket(or farmer's market). The explosion in【1】produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely【2】development in the food industry. However,【3】still exists about exactly what the organic【4】means. Do you know the difference between a cereal that's "organic", 100% organic, and "made with organic【5】"? The USDA has clearly defined standards that【6】which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them at www. usda. gov. Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out【7】another new development in the food world; genetically【8】organisms(GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and【9】effects of these products of gene engineering,【10】there's a chance they could lead to the【11】creation of "superweeds" or【12】with natural plant stocks. For more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www. saynotogmos. org. 【13】you're shopping, don't forget to consider the companies behind the【14】names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,【15】the other manufactures its corn flakes via【16】environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use【17】such as www. responsible shopper. com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they【18】, and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues. Remember;【19】conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your【20】cart.
单选题If I ______ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.A. possessedB. ownedC. hadD. had had
单选题______ every word of his were true, what action would the committee wish to take?
单选题There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who relate how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable (寓言) of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures and that the one without the other is not durable.
A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.
单选题A: You seem to have a lot of work to do in your office. You've always
been working over-time. B.______
A. You are right, but don't you know the meaning of work?
B. Sorry. I don't think so. I get overpaid for overwork,you know.
C. That's right. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
D. That's right, but the work is interesting. I don't mind some extra hours
at all.
单选题These results should not be taken at face ______—careful analysis is required to assess their full implications. A. revenue B. expense C. price D. value
单选题Thousands of years (21) humans began the process of domesticating the dog and shaping what "being a dog" really means. Through careful selection and breeding, an astonishing variety of dog breeds (22) been created. Desirable traits have been selected for in various breeds that are of a benefit (23) humans. There are some traits, however, that quickly become undesirable when expressed too frequently. Barking is a(an) (24) of a natural behavior that is encouraged in terms of guarding behavior, but becomes a problem when the behavior is produced in excess. A recent health insurance investigation revealed (25) the sound of a continually barking dog was cited as the most disruptive and stress inducing (26) for humans. Barking, in addition to whining, howling and growling, is a dog's (27) means of communication. Barking is characterized by a series of short, sharp sounds, that tend to vary (28) in tone or pitch. A dog's bark (29) signify territorial protection, exertion of dominance, or expression of some need. (30) , barking is "a means of communication triggered by a state of excitement." Being a natural trait, barking is not considered a behavioral problem, (31) it is produced in excess. The key to solving the problem of excess barking in your dog begins with an understanding of what is causing (32) behavior. Once you have determined a cause, (33) have a greater chance of choosing the most effective solution (e.g., more exercise) or behavioral modification. Modifying such an instinctive and natural behavior (34) barking can be difficult, and may require considerable patience, time, and hard work. (35) , however, are possible, and worth the effort.
单选题______,she knows Germany well.
单选题A: Could you break a 20-dollar bill for me?
B: ______
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Standard English is the variety of
English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools
and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which
is normally{{U}} (1) {{/U}}by educated people and used in news
broadcasts and other{{U}} (2) {{/U}}situations. The difference between
standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has{{U}} (3) {{/U}}in
principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial{{U}} (4)
{{/U}}; standard English has colloquial as well as formal
variants. {{U}} (5) {{/U}}, the standard variety of
English is based on the London{{U}} (6) {{/U}}of English that developed
after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester
to London. This dialect became the one{{U}} (7) {{/U}}by the educated,
and it was developed and promoted{{U}} (8) {{/U}}a model, or norm, for
wider and wider segments of society. It was also the{{U}} (9) {{/U}}that
was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today,{{U}}
(10) {{/U}}English is arranged to the extent that tile grammar and
vocabulary of English are{{U}} (11) {{/U}}the same everywhere in the
world where English is used;{{U}} (12) {{/U}}among local standards is
really quite minor,{{U}} (13) {{/U}}the Singapore, South Africa, and
Irish varieties are really very{{U}} (14) {{/U}}different from one
another so far as grammar and vocabulary are{{U}} (15) {{/U}}.Indeed,
Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous{{U}} (16)
{{/U}}on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established
dialects of England have{{U}} (17) {{/U}}much of their vigor and there
is considerable pressure on them to be{{U}} (18) {{/U}}. This latter
situation is not unique{{U}} (19) {{/U}}English: it is also true in
other countries where processes of standardization are{{U}} (20)
{{/U}}.But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some
kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational
ones.
单选题The______ of the interstate' s property has been agreed upon by the heirs.
单选题Don't worry about your earrings — I' m sure they'll______sooner or later.
单选题An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controllee and of the members of the governmental agency itself? A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others - the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury," we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned - in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment, A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurafices of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in mm "rule" behavior. The effect of a law upon the controlling agency The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.Comprehension Questions:
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单选题A. physicsB. medicineC. physicistD. society
单选题New ideas have been put into practice ______ he was elected our leader.
单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}}
The Southdale shopping centre in
Minnesota has an atrium, a food court, fountains and acres of parking. Its shops
include a Dairy Queen, a Victoria's Secret and a purveyor of comic T-shirts. It
may not seem like a landmark, as important to architectural history as the
Louvre or New York's Woolworth Building. But it is. "oh, my god!" chimes a group
of teenage girls, on learning that they are standing in the world's first true
shopping mall. "That is the coolest thing anybody has said to us all day. "
In the past half century Southdale and its many
imitators have transformed shopping habits, urban economies and teenage speech.
America now has some 1,100 enclosed shopping malls, according to the
International Council of Shopping Centres. Clones have appeared from Chennai to
Martinique. Yet the mall's story is far from triumphal. Invented by a European
socialist who hated cars and came to deride his own creation, it has a murky
future. While malls continue to multiply outside America, they are gradually
dying in the country that pioneered them.
Southdale's creator arrived in America as a refugee from Nazi-occupied
Vienna. Victor Gruen was a Jewish bohemian who began to design shops for fellow
immigrants in New York after failing in cabaret theatre. His work was admired
partly for its uncluttered, modernist look, which seemed revolutionary in 1930s
America. But Gruen's secret was the way he used arcades and eye-level display
cases to lure customers into stores almost against their will. As a critic
complained, his shops were like mousetraps. A few years later the same would be
said of his shopping malls. By the 1940s
department stores were already moving to the suburbs. Some had begun to build
adjacent strips of shops, which they filled with boutiques in an attempt to
re-create urban shopping districts. In 1947 a shopping centre opened in Los
Angeles featuring two department stores, a cluster of small shops and a large
car park. It was, in effect, an outdoor shopping mall. Fine for balmy southern
California, perhaps, but not for Minnesota's harsh climate. Commissioned to
build a shopping centre at Southdale in 1956, Gruen threw a roof over the
structure and installed an air-conditioning system to keep the temperature at
75°F (24℃)—which a contemporary press release called "Eternal Spring". The mall
was born. Gruen got an extraordinary number of
things right first time. He built a sloping road around the perimeter of the
mall, so that half of the shoppers entered on the ground floor and half on the
first floor-something that became a standard feature of malls. Southdale's
balconies were low, so that shoppers could see the shops on the floor above or
below them. The car park had animal signs to help shoppers remember the way back
to their vehicles. It was as though Orville and Wilbur Wright had not just
discovered powered flight but had built a plane with tray tables and a duty-free
service.
单选题 On New Year's Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went
without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living
conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would
have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an
estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened
with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas
of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you
may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you
do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group
of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or
semi- nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the
poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa's perennial
problem with drought and famine. How so? It comes down to the
reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the
herders' traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them
into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been
demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are
well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock
according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable
than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African
pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per
hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic
conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries'
national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist
sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso,
Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists' herds make up over 10 percent of
export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their
animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the
profits goes to the herders themselves; the lion's share is pocketed by traders.
This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of
drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade
in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of
investment in herding areas. Funding bodies such as the World
Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing
millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn't work.
Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted.
Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies
and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the
thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false
assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to
numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models;
and that Africa's drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of
Africa's herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are
totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists
need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years,
funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is
intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for
their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to
buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and
their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of
food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning
system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert
livestock deaths. This is all promising, but more needs to be
done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to
settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the
productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural
development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing
going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely
be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in
developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to
give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a
greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich
world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving
them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more
resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the
rich world's interests to help out.
单选题Military orders are ______ and cannot be disobeyed. [A] defective [B] conservative [C] alternative [D] imperative
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单选题Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent. ______ ,I can't speak too highly of him. A. As a result B. By the way C. In a word D. on the contrary
单选题It is our ______ policy that in no case will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.
单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for
each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Sometimes we have specific problems
with our mother; sometimes, life with her can just be hard work. If there are
difficulties in your{{U}} (1) {{/U}}, it's best to deal with them,{{U}}
(2) {{/U}}remember that any{{U}} (3) {{/U}}should be done{{U}}
(4) {{/U}}person or by letter. The telephone is not a good{{U}}
(5) {{/U}}because it is too easy{{U}} (6) {{/U}}either side
to{{U}} (7) {{/U}}the conversation. Explain to her{{U}}
(8) {{/U}}you find difficult in your relationship and then{{U}}
(9) {{/U}}some new arrangements that you think would establish a{{U}}
(10) {{/U}}balance between you. Sometimes we hold{{U}} (11)
{{/U}}from establishing such boundaries because we are afraid that doing{{U}}
(12) {{/U}}implies we are{{U}} (13) {{/U}}her. We need to
remember that being{{U}} (14) {{/U}}from our mother does not{{U}}
(15) {{/U}}mean that we no longer love her. If the conflict is{{U}}
(16) {{/U}}and you cannot find a way to{{U}} (17) {{/U}}it,
you might decide to give up your relationship with your mother for a while. Some
of my patients had{{U}} (18) {{/U}}"trial separations". The{{U}}
(19) {{/U}}allowed things to simmer down, enabling{{U}} (20)
{{/U}}.
单选题In a seeming contradiction, the growth of computer-augmented work will probably create a need for less-skilled workers rather than the reverse. While early computers required much knowledge and skill to operate, comprehensive software packages have virtually eliminated the requirement for technical knowledge. Indeed, advanced software may lead to a decreased need for certain job-related skills. For example , word processing has reduced the need for secretarial typing accuracy, since mistakes can be corrected quickly and easily with no trace of correction. Spell-checking programs can be relied on to prevent common mistakes, thus decreasing the need for that language skill. We have already encountered cashiers who have no need to compute a customer' s change. Instead, they merely enter the purchase amount and then the amount offered in payment. The machine calculates the change and, in some cases, automatically dispenses it. This effect is seen in more complex jobs, too. Nurses in intensive-care units often monitor several patients from a central station. Digital readouts continuously report patients' vital signs. A-larms sound if values exceed an expected range. Despite the obvious advantages computerization has brought to both patient and staff, some health-care professionals are concerned that they may be losing important " soft" skills. The most important of these may be the intuition born of experience acquired in personally observing hundreds or thousands of patients. The look in a patient' s eyes, the coloring of skin and the appearance of pain or restlessness are among many indicators used by medical personnel to anticipate changes in patient condition. These cannot be captured on a digital display. It cannot be denied that computers have made great contributions to productivity, nor would any reasonable person encourage scrapping the technology. However, we must pay more attention to human needs, and to the long-range effects of making jobs less interesting and decreasing skill requirements.
单选题[此试题无题干]
单选题Though the doctors tried everything they couldn't save him from the
deep ______ wound.
A. shot
B. punch
C. pinch
D. stab
单选题Do you ever automatically say "God bless you" when someone sneezes? Did you ever cross your fingers when making a wish? Most people who do these things never think about why they do them. They just do them.
But there is a reason. Both acts are meant to insure good luck. They are little superstitions that have come down to us from an earlier time, when everybody believed in good and evil spirits. And even in our modern world, when men are traveling to the moon, we are still practicing some of these ancient habits in our daily lives.
In ancient times, men believed that the soul lived in the head. Every time someone sneezed, he was risking the danger of dislodging that soul and blowing it out the nose into the outside world. So, as insurance against a lost soul, people would say "God bless you" to be sure that God would catch the soul and return it to its rightful owner.
Some people today toss a bit of salt over their left shoulder if they happen to spill any at the dinner table. This practice once had a serious purpose. In an earlier time, men believed that evil spirits always stood on their left side and good spirits on the right. So any time they spilled some of the precious stuff, they would throw a bit of it over their left shoulder to keep away the evil spirits.
Since the evil spirits stood on the left, and the good spirits on the right, the right side was considered the lucky side of the body. Putting your best foot forward meant starting out on the lucky side, with your right foot first. That was a guarantee of good luck at whatever you were about to do. We still speak of "putting your best foot forward", although we don"t always start walking with the right foot.
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
No one knows exactly how many disabled
(残废的) people there are in the world, but estimates suggest the figure is over
450 million. The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than
double the total population of Canada. In the United Kingdom,
about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something
that happens to other people. As we get older, many of us will become less
mobile (可动的), hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.
Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people
are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. There
are many progressive disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse they
become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a
period of disability in the form of a mental illness. All are affected by
people's attitude towards them. Disabled people face many
physical barriers. Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends,
imagine how you would manage if you could not get up steps, or on to buses and
trains. How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could
not hear the traffic? But there are other barriers: prejudice can be even harder
to break down and ignorance inevitably represents by far the greatest barrier of
all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fully appreciate what the
severely disabled go through, so it is important to draw attention to these
barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability, not their
disability, which counts.
单选题He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ______ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A．were deciding B．have decided C．decided D．will decide
单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}}
In 1917, Russia was in chaos. The
economy was collapsing, there were food shortages and the country was suffering
heavy losses in the World War Ⅰ. Inevitably, people began to lose faith in their
ruler, Tsar Nicholas Ⅱ. On 15 March 1917, after much political unrest, the Tsar
decided to abdicate. He was replaced by a new government led by Alexander
Kerensky. To begin with a rival political group, the Bolsheviks,
led by Vladimir Lennin and Leon Trotsky, supported the new government, but their
relationship soon collapsed. The Bolsheviks wanted even more change—their aim
was to replace the existing political structure with groups representing each
sector of society and they urged every worker to join a revolution in order to
bring this about. In July 1917, the Bolsheviks tried to overthrow the government
but failed. They tried again on 24 October and this time they were successful.
The provisional government was arrested in St Petersburg, and Lenin took over as
Head of State. Support for the Bolsheviks soon spread across Russia, and world's
first “workers’ revolutionary State” became
reality.
单选题Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight.
单选题The engineer demanded that worker ______ with them. A) go B) must go C) went D) goes
单选题Since the World Wide Web was created in 1990, the only way to get onto the internet has been through a computer, a costly box that ______ people as much today as the telephone did 50 years ago.
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单选题It was a very happy family. They were fairly well-off. The father, Leopold, was a master of music in Austria. His mother was warm-hearted. There were two children, Marianne, a schoolgirl, and little Wolfgang, a child not quite four years old. Marianne was learning to play the piano, and day after day Leopold stood behind her as she practiced. How patient their father was, and how cleverly he showed Marianne how to play some particularly difficult pieces! She was making progress, very good progress, and that was excellent. And there, almost lost in the big chair, sat Wolfgang, who never had to be told to keep quiet when looking over Marianne's shoulder. At that moment Wolfgang climbed on his father's knees and begged to be allowed to play the pretty piece Marianne had now mastered. What a joke that was! Picking up his baby son, Leopold laughed and said, "Look at your hands. You must wait, little man!" There was no end to the fun during tea, and Marianne had to tell her mother about Wolfgang wanting to play a difficult piece. When the meal was finished, Marianne helped to clear away the dishes. Suddenly Leopold got up. "Listen!" said he in a surprised voice. "Listen! Marianne is playing the piece better than ever!" But Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen. His wife following, Leopold walked quietly upstairs, the lamp in one hand, his music book in the other. He pushed open the door, and there was little Wolfgang playing in the darkness. "I love it" whispered the child. It was the beginning of Mozart's life of music.
单选题Some medical conditions can often cure themselves ______, without
medical intervention.
A. deliberately
B. spontaneously
C. consciously
D. intentionally
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单选题In 14 years as a (n) ______in the major league Kobel I had never seen two baseball teams fight like this. A. goblin B. sheik C. statuary D. umpire
单选题Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gamble flowed one way: from the United States outward. While the large Cincinnati-based corporation was no stranger to foreign markets, it usually sold them products that were already familiar to most Americans. Many Japanese families, for instance, swaddle their babies in Pampers diapers, and lots of Venezuelans brush their teeth with Crest. And of course(company executives assumed)Americans at home wanted these same familiar, red-white and blue brands. We might buy foreign-made cars, or chocolates, or cameras but household cleaners and detergents? Recently, however, P&G broke with this long-standing tradition. Ariel, a P&G laundry detergent, was born overseas, and is a familiar sight on store shelves in Europe and Latin America. Now bilingual packages of Ariel Ultra, a super-concentrated cleaner, are appearing on supermarket shelves in Los Angeles. Ariel's appearance in the United States reflects demographic changes making Hispan-ics the nation's fastest-growing ethnic group. Ariel is a hit with this population. In fact, many Mexican immigrants living in Southern California have been "importing" Ariel from Tijuana, Mexico. "Hispanics knew this product and wanted it," says P&G spokeswoman Marie Salvado. "We realized that we couldn't convince them to buy(our)other laundry detergents. " P&G hopes that non-Hispanic consumers will give Ariel a try too. Ariel's already strong presence in Europe may provide a springboard for the company to expand into other markets as well. Recently P&G bought Rakona, Czechoslovakia's top detergent maker. Ariel, currently a top seller in Germany, is likely to be one of the first new brands to appear in Czech supermarkets. And Ariel is not the only foreign idea that the company hopes to transplant back to its home territory. Cinch, an all-purpose spray cleaner similar to popular European products, is currently being test-marketed in California and Arizona. Traditionally Americans have used separate cleaners for different types of surfaces, but market research shows that American preferences are becoming more like those in other countries. Insiders note that this new reverse flow of innovation reflects more sweeping changes at Procter & Gamble. The firm has hired many new Japanese, German, and Mexican managers who view P&G's business not as a one-way flow of American ideas, but a two-way exchange with other markets. Says Bonita Austin of the investment firm Wertheim-Schroeder, "When you met with P&G's top managers years ago, you wouldn't have seen a single foreign face. " Today, "they could even be in the majority. " As Procter & Gamble has found, the United States is no longer an isolated market. Americans are more open than ever before to buying foreign-made products and to selling U. S. -made products overseas.
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单选题When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $ 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. "I'm a good economic indicator," She says. "I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars. " So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too," she says. Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.
单选题Scholars maintain that social development can easily ______ language
changes.
A. bring up
B. bring about
C. bring out
D. bring forward
单选题He said that very clearly so that nobody was in any______about what was meant
单选题This passage deals with ______. A. the Great London Fire B. the lost documents of Shakespeare C. scholars of Shakespeare D. Shakespeare's personal history
单选题She has a beautiful ______ of stamps from all over the world.
单选题You can hardly imagine the difficulty the single mum had ______ her children. A. brought up B. to bring up C. bringing up D. to have brought up
单选题This, they say, is proof that the more primitive species was not simply supplanted by an advanced one ______ into one.
单选题We used to work in the same office and we ______ have coffee together.
单选题—He hardly has anything nowadays, ______? —No, I don't
think so.
A. has he
B. doesn't he
C. does he
D. hasn't he
单选题______ are long narrative poems that record the adventures of a hero whose exploits are important to the history of a nation.
单选题Today's college students have ambiguous feelings about the role they should play in the world.
单选题The money they took with them was considerably in ______ of what they needed.
单选题The Holiday Cottages are located in ______.
单选题A curriculum does NOT provide ______.
单选题Man: I'm frustrated. We're supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library. Woman: I understand the way you feel. I'm looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own. Question: What does the woman mean?
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A. c{{U}}u{{/U}}stomer
B. c{{U}}u{{/U}}shion
C. c{{U}}u{{/U}}lture
D. c{{U}}u{{/U}}rrency
单选题The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1831 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trade- mark for something called French Wine Coca Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later be formed the Pemberton Chemical Company and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886--year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It Was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeeper's script, presently devised a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was writ- ten in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence. On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-cola. Druggists customarily stirred a tea- spoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.
单选题According to the passage, Susana Saulquin
单选题The ticket ______ you to a free boat tour on the lake.
单选题{{B}}Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is
followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
An important businessman was asked to
give a twenty-minute speech in another city. He was too busy to write it
himself, so he asked his secretary to put one together for him out of a large
book of speeches which she had on her desk. She typed one out for him, and he
picked it up just in time to rush off to his plane. But when he gave his speech,
it ran on for an hour, and the audience (听众) was getting very tired of it by the
end. When the businessman got back to his office, he said to his
secretary, "I told you it should be a twenty-minute speech !"
"That’s what I gave you," she answered, "the original and two copies. The
original for YOU to read at the meeting, and two copies for the files, after you
have checked them."
单选题The theory of the Social Contract, first formulated by the English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, assumes that men at first lived in a state of anarchy in which there was no society, no government, and no organized coercion of the individual by the group. Hobbes maintained that by the social contract men had surrendered their natural liberties in order to enjoy the order and safety of the organized state. The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in Le Contrat Social (1762), found the general will, a means of establishing reciprocal rights and duties, privileges, and responsibilities as a basis of the state. Similar ideas were used as a justification for both the American and the French revolutions in the 18th century. Thomas Jefferson held that the preservation of certain natural rights was an essential part of the social contract, and that "consent of the governed" was fundamental to any exercise of governmental power. The Social Contract theory has withstood the test of time; it served as a rationale for the enactment of felon disenfranchisement laws in the past, and remains a compelling argument today. The early exclusion of felons from the franchise by many states could well have rested on Locke's concept, so influential at the time, that by entering into society every man authorizes the society, or which is all one, the legislature thereof, to make laws for him, as the public good of the society shall require. A man who breaks the laws he has authorized his agent to make for his own governance could fairly have been thought to have abandoned the right to participate in further administering the compact. This is especially so when account is taken of the heavy incidence of recidivism and the prevalence of organized crime. When someone commits a crime, he commits it not just against the victim, but against our entire society. Protests that time sewed is enough, and that society should prioritize the rehabilitation and reintegration of felons should fall on deaf ears. Opponents of disenfranchisement claim that the inability to vote stymies felons' "remittance into a lawabiding society". Yet they neglect to explain why the tonic of voting did not curtail felons from committing crimes initially. They have breached the social contract and, like insane persons, have raised questions about their ability to vote responsibly. Despite its initial attractiveness, the use of social contract theory to defend felon disenfranchisement is in fact specious. Disenfranchised felons are unequal parties to a contract that is fundamentally unfair in its formation on the grounds that they are unconscionable. The social contract between citizens and the state to which they delegate their authority gains its validity from the parties, freedom to contract and share an active voice in negotiating. In fact, active citizenship in the United States is but a facade without this vital right. The felon, disenfranchised upon breaching the original social contract, enters into a second contract upon his release. The validity of this second formation is questionable because the felon, in his disenfranchised state, is not an equal party truly free to contract. This suggests that the contract is unconscionable because of the unincarcerated felon's unequal position as a silent party to the ongoing negotiation of the contract. The social contract suffers from many of the ailments in the formation, liquidated damages provision, and unconscionable terms that would invalidate any traditional contract. The franchise should be returned to unincarcerated felons so that they may be whole and free parties to the social contract. The Social Contract theory and the objectives of punishment fail to provide a satisfactory explanation for the denial of one of the most fundamental rights to millions of citizens. Disenfranchisement's defenders continue to claim that denying convicts the vote is necessary to protect something called the "purity of the ballot box" and that because offenders violate the "social contract", they forfeit political rights completely unrelated to the needs of incarceration.
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单选题I know this job of mine isn't well paid, ______, I don' I have to work long hours.
单选题In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden______.
单选题It is understood that a letter of credit in our favour ______ the shoes ______ should be opened immediately. A．covering, saying B．covered, said C．covered, saying D．covering, said
单选题The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.
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单选题As is known to all ,____commodities will definitely do harm to our life sooner or later.
单选题Writing is a slow process, requiring ______ thought, time, and effort. A. significant B. considerable C. enormous D. numerous
单选题Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is learning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called. Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a "memory trace (记忆痕) ". What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark. Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out bow a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as measure of how much a person has remembered. One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.
单选题He is a man of a______ mood; he never finishes what he starts.
单选题The term "ubiquitous" ( Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means
单选题Where is the bottle of Coke ______ I bought this morning?
单选题"The world"s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss." If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints, from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
After all, the world"s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous.
But they don"t. The reasons why they don"t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today"s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.
Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long term trend has been downwards.
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (亲戚) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it. fish is the best example of this.
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单选题{{B}}Section B{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and
then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and
underlined parts. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
No one gets out of this world alive, and few people come
through life without at least one serious illness. (31) {{U}}If we are given a
serious diagnosis, it is useful to try to remain free of panic and
depression.{{/U}} Panic can constrict blood vessels and impose an additional
burden on the heart. (32) {{U}}Depression, as medical researchers way back to
Galen, that ancient Greek doctor, have observed, can set the stage for other
illnesses or intensify existing ones.{{/U}} It is no surprise that so many
patients who learn that they have cancer or heart disease or any other
catastrophic disease become worse at the time of diagnosis. (33) {{U}}The moment
they have a label to attach to their symptoms, the illness deepens.{{/U}} All the
terrible things they have heard about disease produce the kind of despair that
in turn complicates the underlying condition. (34) {{U}}It is not unnatural to be
severely apprehensive about a serious diagnosis, but a reasonable confidence is
justified.{{/U}} Cancer today, for example, is largely a treatable disease. A
heavily damaged heart can be reconditioned. (35) {{U}}Even a positive HIV
diagnosis does not necessarily mean that the illness will move into the active
stage.{{/U}}
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单选题Host: John, come and sit in the sofa. Dinner will be ready in a minute. Could I get you some- thing to drink?Guest:______A. No, don' t trouble, drunk enough.B. No, you couldn't, I'm not thirsty.C. Yes, please. I'd like some Sprite.D. Yes, you could, I'd like some Coca Col
单选题Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.
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单选题As far as the rank of position is concerned, an associate professor is
______ to a professor, though they are almost equally knowledgeable.
A. attached
B. subsidiary
C. previous
D. inferior
单选题Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a "penny press" proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances. The first offerings of a penny paper tended to 'be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering paper, had reached. This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for sir cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the Sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day's success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger (1836) and the Baltimore Sun (1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.
单选题I left for the office earlier than usual this morning ______ traffic
jam.
A. at the risk of
B. in case of
C. for the sake of
D. in line with
单选题The senior citizen expressed a sentiment which ______ profoundly to every Chinese heart.
单选题A: What a pleasant surprise! I haven"t seen you for a long time.
B: ______
单选题Luckily, the back tires of their car stayed on the road. Otherwise, the young couple would have driven right into a pit twenty feet wide and thirty feet deep!
The man and woman were coming home from a party. They were enjoying the landscape around Swansea, Wales. Suddenly, they found the front of their car leaning into a huge hole. The car barely hung onto the edge of the pit. It swayed back and forth like the arm of a balance.
In their
precarious
position, the couple knew that each movement they made could be a matter of life and death. Slowly, slowly, they edged toward the backseat. Then each opened a back door. And on the count of three, they jumped out together. The accident was so scary that they ran a long way before they calmed down. But later they returned to see what had happened. They found that a big chunk of the road had sunk into the ground! And at the bottom of the pit lay their car—roof down and wheels up.
Was this mystery of the sunken road ever solved? It turned out that an abandoned mine shaft lay under the road. It had collapsed and taken the pavement with it. Layers of tunnels intersect beneath the city of Swansea. The tunnels were built so many years ago that no one knows where they end or begin. The tunnels are shaky, like those that ants build in the sand. No one knows when the entire city might collapse.
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
Predicting the future is risky business
for a scientist. It is safe to say, however, that the global AIDS epidemic will
get much worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with
us for several generations, despite major scientific advances.
As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15 million lives and
left 40 million people living with a viral infection that slowly but
relentlessly erodes the immune system. Accounting for more than 3 million deaths
in the past year alone, the AIDS virus has become the deadliest microbe in the
world. In Africa nearly a dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including
four southern African nations in which a quarter of the people are infected.
This is like condemning 16 000 people each day to a slow and miserable
death. Fortunately, the AIDS story has not been all {{U}}gloom and
doom{{/U}}. Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agent—human
immunodeficiency virus, or HIV—was identified. We now know more about HIV than
about any other virus, and 14 AIDS drugs have been developed and licensed in the
U.S. and Western Europe. The epidemic continues to rage,
however, in South America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year
2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life
expectancy to as low as 40 years in some countries and single-handedly erasing
the public health gains of the past 50 years. It is Asia, with
its huge population at risk, that will have the biggest impact on the global
spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence could range from 100 million to 1
billion, depending largely on what happens in India and China. Four million
people have already become HIV-positive in India, and infection is likely to
reach several percent in a population of 1 billion. Half a million Chinese are
now infected; the path of China's epidemic, however, is less certain.
An explosive AIDS epidemic in the U.S. is unlikely. Instead, HIV
infection will continue to plague in about 0.5% of the population. But the
complexion of the epidemic will change. New HIV infections will occur
predominantly in the underclass, with rates 10 times as high in minority groups.
Nevertheless, American patients will live quality lives for decades, thanks to
advances in medical research. Dozens of powerful and well-tolerated AIDS drugs
will be developed, as will novel means to restore the immune system.
A cure for AIDS by the year 2025 is not inconceivable. But constrained by
economic reality, these therapeutic advances will have only limited benefit
outside the U.S. and Western Europe.
单选题The two drivers were injured in the collision.
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Passage 3 Most
worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally,
therefore, the choice of an {{U}}(1) {{/U}} should be made even before
the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, however, most people make
several job choices during their working lives,{{U}} (2) {{/U}} because
of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The
"one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should {{U}}(3) {{/U}}
enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a field of
work rather than for a single {{U}}(4) {{/U}}.
Unfortunately, etent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing {{U}}(5)
{{/U}} about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they
choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some drift from job to job. Others
{{U}}(6) {{/U}} to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are
not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for
its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students--or their parents
for them--choose the professional field, {{U}}(7) {{/U}} both the
relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high
educational and personal {{U}}(8) {{/U}}. The imagined or real prestige
of a profession or a "White-collar" job is no good reason for choosing it as
life's work. Moreover, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large
proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the {{U}}(9)
{{/U}} of young people should give serious consideration to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a
general idea of what he wants {{U}}(10) {{/U}} and how hard he is
willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others desire
intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take risks
for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its
rewards.
单选题The sound[s]is shared by "use" and "maps" as a common morpheme.
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单选题At present, the U.S. East Coast is at potential hazard to be triggered by
单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}}
Monochronic time (M-time) and
polychronic time (P-time) represent two variant solutions to the use of both
time and space as organizing frames for activities. Space is included because
the two systems (time and space) are functionally interrelated. M-time
emphasizes schedules, segmentation, and promptness. P-time systems are
characterized by several things happening at once. They stress involvement of
people and completion of transactions rather than adherence to preset schedules.
P-time is treated as much less tangible than M-time. P-time is apt to be
considered a point rather than a ribbon or a road, and that point is
sacred. Americans overseas are psychologically stressed in many
ways when confronted by P-time systems such as those in Latin America and the
Middle East. In the markets and stores of Mediterranean countries, one is
surrounded by other customers vying for the attention of a clerk. There is no
order as to who is served next, and to the northern European or American,
confusion and clamor abound. In a different context, the same patterns apply
within the governmental bureaucracies of Mediterranean countries: A cabinet
officer, for instance, may have a large reception area outside his private
office. There are almost always small groups waiting in this area, and these
groups are visited by government officials, who move around the room conferring
with each. Much of their business is transacted in public instead of having a
series of private meetings in an inner office. Particularly distressing to
Americans is the way in which appointments are handled by polychronic people.
Appointments just don't carry the same weight as they do in the United States.
Things are constantly shifted around. Nothing seems solid or firm, particularly
plans for the future, and there are always changes in the most important plans
right up to the very last minute. In contrast, within the
Western world, man finds little in life that is exempt from the iron hand of
M-time. In fact, his social and business life, even his sex life are apt to be
completely time dominated.
单选题In China______graduates go abroad to have a further study every year.
单选题A______of soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside the bath; the women smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew carefully from the room.
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单选题I was taken __________ when I saw him because he had lost all his hair.
单选题French is not his mother ______ but he can speak it excellently. A. tongue B. talk C. speak D. speech
单选题Mr. and Mrs. Harper are so excited today, for they have bought ______ for their new house.
单选题It was some time before he ______ after being knocked out. A. came to B. came back C. came over D. came across
单选题______ out of money, we were reduced to staying in a cheap hotel.
单选题At one time we had about eighty people here who did nothing but______into his family history.
单选题This subject is not included in the ______ of the school.
单选题Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay
in its strength, its ______ to fire, and its potential to span vast areas.
A. assignment
B. resistance
C. adjustment
D. liability
单选题The people of Marseille have a tendency to exaggerate, and you can"t spend long there without hearing the story about the sardine which blocked the old harbour, the Vieux Port. In fact such an event really did occur during the French Revolution, though the obstruction was caused not by a fish of the herring family(for the Vieux Port is about 300 yards wide)but by a ship called the Sardine which was placed there by counter-revolutionaries blockading the insurgents. Or perhaps it was the insurgents who were blockading the counter-revolutionaries: nowadays most people have forgotten the origins of the story entirely, let alone the details, and the sardine which blocked the Vieux Port now exists mainly as a joking example of the Marseillais habit of presenting facts larger than life-size. Almost as much as exaggeration, they like leg-pulling. I was therefore more than a little skeptical when the other day in Marseille I was told that there was a whale on the beach. Initially I dismissed the story as a piece of out-of-season April foolery. But there it was. When we arrived, the coastguards were winching it up onto the jetty with steel hawsers wrapped around the tail. As it was on its back you could easily see the deep folds along the front that identified it as a Rorqual whale: Balenoptera Physalus, according to Madame Turon of the Marseille Museum of Natural History. Being a whale it was, needless to say, enormous. It weighed 10 tons and was 45 feet long. Even so, the poor thing was only a baby. Madame Turon reckoned it was only a year old, for an adult grows to some 70 feet. She said it had died a natural death, probably as much as a month ago, having somehow been separated from its school and succumbed to thirst and hunger. The body was scratched, presumably by having been washed up against rocks, but at first sight seemed to be in a fairly good state. The smell soon told you otherwise, and the temperature that day was well up. It was an event that aroused a mixture of conflicting feelings: fascination and awe at the close-up spectacle of such a magnificent creature; pity at the lack of dignity with which it was being hauled from its element, backwards and up-side down; self-disgust at being part of the crowd of gawping camera-clicking onlookers. We left fairly soon, and were glad to have missed the sequel as recorded in the next day"s papers. The whale was being placed in the back of a large lorry, its tail resting on the cabin, its head hanging off the end. It was then driven to a factory to be cut up for its oils, highly valued in the manufacture of cosmetics. Taking a corner of the Corniche President John Kennedy, its decomposing tongue fell out onto the road. It caused a traffic jam that was unusual even by the standards of Marseille, and one that will doubtless go down in legend along with the sardine that blocked the Vieux Port.
单选题I ______ the meeting yesterday, but some urgent matter prevented me from coming.
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What are those of us who have chosen
careers in science and engineering able to do about our current
problems? First, we can help destroy the false impression that
science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary,
science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more
people. Second, we can identify the many areas in which science
and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future
than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many
speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved
only through better knowledge and better application of that
knowledge. Third, we can recognize that much of the
dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years.
We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are
deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have
achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not
spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental
disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered of them. It is our
raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our
distress. Granted that many of our current problems must be
cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and
technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further
advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better
medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation
resources, and many other areas.
单选题Helen Keller was born a healthy normal child in Alabama in 1880. However, an illness with a high fever struck her when she was still a child. She became deaf, blind, and unable to speak. For little Helen, the world was suddenly a dark and frightening place. She was wild and stubborn. Several years later a miracle came into Helen's life when Anne Sullivan, a strong and loving person, became Helen's teacher. Miss Sullivan's teaching changed the child into a responsible human being. Through her help Helen Keller learned to communicate with those around her, and as she grew older, others benefited from her unique insights and courage. Miss Keller died in 1968, but her spirit lives on. It lives on in her articles and books and in the stories of people who were fortunate enough to meet her during her lifetime.
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单选题You ______ include this section. It's not necessary. A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. don't need D. don't have to
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单选题You would think that people with a history of being discriminated against in the workplace might give those whom they resemble a break. But a growing body of research confirms exactly the opposite: women are just as likely as men to show, sexism toward women in hiring practices, salaries and professional mentorship. Overt displays of sexism are largely passe in the American workplace. What remains, unfortunately, is a set of subtler and more ingrained cognitive biases deeply rooted in our evolutionary and cultural past. Getting rid of them will require an honest reckoning with the inalienable fact that humans are inclined to make implicit errors in perception and even good people who actively avoid bias may nonetheless harbor subtle yet damaging stereotypes of which they are unaware. In one of the latest studies, a psychology experiment published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, senior science faculty across the U.S. were presented with identical resumes for a lab-manager job (a position that can often lead to graduate study) that differed only in the gender of the hypothetical applicant. The resume raters were statistically more likely to rate the male candidate higher on competence and hirability and were also more likely to offer the male candidate a bigger salary and greater professional mentorship. By contrast, the hypothetical female applicants were rated more likable but less hirable. Female scientists were just as likely to favor male candidates as potential hires as male scientists were. There are countless examples of bias against women by both sexes in nonscience fields, including, famously, the increase in women who were hired for orchestras when musicians auditioned behind a blind screen. It's hard to imagine why this kind of cognitive bias persists in the 21st century, especially when the achievement gaps between males and females arc closing rapidly. But this only seems puzzling because we tend to think that bias is an evil word, infected with uglyisms and the deliberate diminishing of certain kinds of people. Current research is showing that all human beings have unconscious cognitive biases—what Harvard professor Mahzarin Banaji calls "mind bugs. "These biases may have been adaptive thousands of years ago, when people lived in small, homogeneous communities and in-group favoritism might have made the difference between life and death. But they are problematic in our global 21st century world. The pervasiveness of cognitive bias is depressing. It's more comfortable to think of sexism or racism or ageism as a symptom of a few rotten apples than as a fundamental human trait. But if we're all doing it, even to ourselves ,how on earth can we move beyond the stereotypes? If we want to eliminate the perception that women are less competent than men for certain jobs held by both sexes, it's not enough to hire more women for traditionally male-dominated jobs. A more fundamental problem is that cognitive bias is rooted not only in our primitive past but also in our contemporary culture. We can't be surprised by unconscious stereotypes about women when we still embrace a culture infected with sexism in everything from popular movies to recent congressional debates.
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New technology links the world as never
before. Our planet has shrunk. It's a new "global village" where countries are
only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability
to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by
foreign language skills. Deeply involved with this new
technology is a breed of modem businesspeople who have a growing respect for the
economic value of doing business abroad. In modem markets, success overseas
often helps support domestic business efforts. Overseas
assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive
ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer needs fear being
"out of sight and out of mind". He or she can be sure that the overseas effort
is central to the company's plan for success, and that promotions often follow
or accompany an assignment abroad, if an employee can succeed in a difficult
assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her
ability to come back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations
and foreign language issues are becoming more and prevalent (普遍的) .
Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with
business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to
get into international markets. English is still the
international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people
who can speak another language. A second language isn't generally required to
get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge
when other qualifications appear to be equal. The employee
posted abroad who speaks the country's principal language has an opportunity to
fist-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know
when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can
communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an
obvious asset to the firm.
单选题Dear Jose, You have asked me for suggestions on how to get along in the United States. It is difficult to give advice, but I have found the following "do's" and "don'ts" helpful. As a rule, it isn't easy to find anyone to (21) in a big city. However, here are some suggestions. (22) , get or borrow (23) ! Walk him several times a day! Americans love dogs and usually stop (24) to anyone with a dog. (25) , try to eat in a cafeteria. People generally (26) the same tables and will sometimes talk to you (27) they see that you are a (28) . Next, take your dirty clothes to a laundry! It takes about an hour to wash and dry, and many people become kind there. They often pass the time talking to the other customers. (29) ask for information from a woman, if you are a man, and from a man, if you are a woman! It seems to get (30) results for a reason I can't understand. Learn the (31) , "Please," "Thank you, "and "You're welcome" before you come and use them all the time! They usually work like magic. There are some things you (32) . Don't tell the truth when people ask "How are you?" They only (33) the answer to be "Fine." Never ask people their (34) —especially woman! Everyone wants to be young. Don't tell heavy people they are (35) . Tell them they are losing weight. Everyone here wants to be thin. Don't be late for appointment! When someone says six o'clock, be sure to be there by six. Americans respect time and expect everyone to be "on time". Above all, don't worry! Just follow my advice and bring a lot of money and you will get along. I hope I have been of some help to you. Cordially yours, John
单选题I get a lot of letters at this time of year from people complaining that they have a cold which won’t go away. There are so many different stories about how to prevent or cure a cold; it’s often difficult to know what to do. Although colds are rarely dangerous, except for people who are already weak, such as the elderly or young babies, they are always uncomfortable and usually most unpleasant. Of course you can buy lots of medicines which will help to make your cold less unpleasant, but you must remember that nothing can actually cure a cold or make it go away any faster. Another thing is that any medicine which is strong enough to make you feel better could be dangerous if you are already taking drugs for some other illness, so always check with your chemist or doctor to see whether they are all right for you. And remember they might make you sleepy. Please don’t try to drive if they do! Lastly, as far as avoiding colds, the best answer is to keep strong and healthy--you’ll have less chance of catching a cold, and if you do, it should not be so bad.
单选题It was because of bad weather ______ the football match had to be put off. A) so B) so that C) why D) that
单选题He is by no means a(n)______man. On the contrary, he always departs from customs.
单选题What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
单选题What a delicious joke! This sentence means ______.A. The joke is very interesting.B. The joke is about delicious food.C. The joke is not interesting at all.D. No one laughed at the joke
单选题I rushed to the meeting without breakfast, only______that it had been postponed.
单选题Directions: For each blank in the following
passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer
on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the
corresponding letter in the brackets. How does water
scarcity affect people? First of all, it {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}}
{{/U}}their health. It is not that they will die of thirst; rather, the poor
quality of the water {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}for cooking and
drinking may make them ill. {{U}} {{U}} 3
{{/U}} {{/U}}our bodies require water to treat waste products, plentiful water
is required for proper sanitation (卫生)—water that for much of mankind is simply
not available. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}people without
adequate sanitation rose from 2.6 billion in 1990 to 2.9 billion in 1999. And
sanitation is literally a matter of life and death. In a {{U}} {{U}}
5 {{/U}} {{/U}}statement, United Nations officials warned:
"When children lack water that is fit for drinking and sanitation,
virtually every aspect of their health and development is {{U}} {{U}}
6 {{/U}} {{/U}}." Food production is dependent on
water. Many crops, of course, are watered by rain, but in recent times
irrigation has become the key {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}the
world's booming population. Today percent of the world's harvest depends on
irrigation. If plentiful water flows out of every tap in our
home and if we have a clean toilet (抽水马桶) that conveniently washes out waste, it
may be {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}to believe that the world is
running out of an adequate supply of water. We should remember, however, that
only 20 percent of mankind enjoy such {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}}
{{/U}}. In Africa many women spend as much as six hours a day {{U}} {{U}}
10 {{/U}} {{/U}}water.
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单选题There is no question but that Newton was a highly competent Minister of the Mint. It was mainly through his efforts (41) the English currency was put on (42) satisfactory basis at a difficult time. (43) discovered a relationship between prices and (44) amount of money in circulation, which (45) later formalized in the so-called "quality (46) "of money: if the amount of (47) in circulation is doubled--other things (48) the same--then prices also will (49) double. This is a simple application (50) the principle that it is impossible (51) . get something for nothing, but apparently (52) took someone like Newton to discover it. There (53) an obvious comparison with Copernicus, who (54) the Polish government on currency questions (55) in doing so discovered another important (56) (usually known as Gresham's Law): when (57) money is accepted as legal tender, (58) money will be driven out of (59) . Copernicus anticipated Gresham in the formulation (60) this law.
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Since we are social beings, the quality
of our lives depends in Large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One
strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from
one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the
exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.
Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with
major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live
longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range
of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of
social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such
support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions
stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us
know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted
by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often
provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our
problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social
companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps
us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移……注意力)us from
our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental
support, a financial aid, material resources, and needed services- that reduces
stress by helping us resolve and cope with our
problems.
单选题
The United States{{U}} (56)
{{/U}}a large part of the North American continent. Its neighbors are
Canada{{U}} (57) {{/U}}the north,{{U}} (58) {{/U}}Mexico
to the south.{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the United States is a big country, it' s
not the largest in the world. In 1964 its{{U}} (60) {{/U}}was over
185,000,000. When this land first became a nation, after{{U}}
(61) {{/U}}independence from England, it had thirteen states,{{U}}
(62) {{/U}}of the states was represented on the American flag by a{{U}}
(63) {{/U}}. All the states were in the eastern part of the continent.
As the nation grew towards the west, new states were in the eastern part of the
continent. As the nation grew towards the west, new states were added and new
stars{{U}} (64) {{/U}}on the flag. For a long time, there were 48
states. In 1959, however, two{{U}} (65) {{/U}}stars were added to the
flag{{U}} (66) {{/U}}the new states{{U}} (67) {{/U}}Alaska and
Hawaii. Sometimes{{U}} (68) {{/U}}is said that the
Indians are the only real Americans. Most Americans, however, are
descendants(后代) of peoplev (69) {{/U}}came from all over the world to
find a new{{U}} (70) {{/U}}in a new land.{{U}} (71) {{/U}}who
came first and{{U}} (72) {{/U}}greatest numbers to make their home{{U}}
(73) {{/U}}the eastern coast of North America were mostly from
England. It is{{U}} (74) {{/U}}that reason that the language of
the United States is English and that its culture and customs are more like{{U}}
(75) {{/U}}of England than of any other country in the
world.
单选题It is not difficult to teach ______ students. A. smart B. fashionable C. sensitive D. vital
单选题Which do you like ______, coffee, tea or lemonade?
单选题It is strange that she ______ to see her own shortcomings. A. should have failed B. has failed C. fails D. failed
单选题Parrots are becoming one of the most popular pets in America for good reasons. The parrot is an extraordinary bird that can be taught to talk, can be easily cared for, and can create a lively atmosphere anywhere. With the help of an energetic parrot owner, a parrot can develop an enormous vocabulary. In addition, a parrot can be trained to say "Pretty boy"or "Polly wants a cracker, "and it also can learn to whistle or sing. No matter what an owner decides to teach a bird, training a parrot takes much patience, but the reward is a stream of chatter. Another reason for the parrot's popularity is that this pet does not require much care. For example, even a spoiled parrot does not need a house-sitter for the purpose of daily walks and daily feeding. In fact, a parrot owner may leave his or her pet with enough food for five days and have no fear that the parrot will overeat. Still another advantage of owning a parrot is its inexpensive food, including seeds, nuts, corn, and grain—along with an apple, banana, or carrot. Perhaps the most likely reason the parrot is becoming such a well-liked pet is that it is a combination of tameness and wildness. Because the parrot can live in almost any environment, it makes a fine, tame companion for many people. In addition, because it can be easily trained, it is a delightful performer. At the same time, its colorful feathers give it an air of the mystery of the parrot's native home, the jungle. Thus, the parrot, once a highly valued gift presented to kings and noble families, is now appreciated by a growing number of people.
单选题In Japan"s capital city of Tokyo, earthquake danger limits the height of buildings. The city has spread out so far and the traffic has become so heavy that it is very difficult to get from one place to another. The price of land, too, has become very high. All this explains why a group of Japanese land developers came to the conclusion that there was nowhere to go but down. So far they have dug out space underground for fifteen major shopping centers, and the underground construction has only begun.
What are some of the advantages of shopping and eating underground? Clean, filtered (过滤的) air is one of them. The city of Tokyo has one of the most serious smog problems in the world. Another advantage is that there won"t be traffic accidents as that on the city"s busy streets. Still another is the convenience of moving from place to place. You"re usually right next to, or even in, a subway station. And you can even spend the night underground if you like. The Kyobashi Station, for example, in down town Tokyo, has a hotel with a bar, restaurant and barbershop.
单选题
单选题His parents began to ______ a small sum of money every month for his college education when he was still a little child. A. put up B. lay down C. set aside D. place apart
单选题
单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
It's conventional wisdom in the United
States that the American education system is a mess. Since the rest of the world
loves to criticize Uncle Sam, that view is held even more strongly elsewhere.
But wait a minute. If education really is the source of economic success, as
experts continually claim, American schools can't be too bad. If they were, the
American economy would not be the wonder of the world, able to create good jobs
at a pace that others can only envy, and with a huge advantage in many of the
key technologies of the next centurey. Specially, American high schools can't be
a disaster area. The proof lies in the quality of American universities. In any
reasonable ranking of the best 100 universities of the world, the United States
would dominate the list. College professors are not alchemists(炼金术士), they
cannot turn base metal into gold. (I know; I used to be one.) If the output of
American higher education is as good as it seems to be, the input must be a lot
better than Americans fear. We can at least be doubtful about
some common claims. For example; it's often said that the United States has a
skill shortage in high technology -- and the fact that Silicon Valley recruits
(征募) heavily around the world is said to be evidence of that. But without more
inquiry, we can't know whether this is because American college graduates are
stupid, or because that hightechnology sector has grown so fast that it cannot
possibly satisfy all its demands for high-level skills from the United
States.
单选题The case ______. A. lay right on one side of a shelf B. was right behind as old brown-looking case C. was between two high shelves D. was among the hundreds of cases
单选题
单选题The skeleton of a primitive bird that was recently discovered indicated that this ancient creature ______today's birds in that, unlike earlier birds and unlike reptilian ancestors, it had not a tooth in its head.
单选题His plan should succeed without too much trouble, for it seems quite {{U}}feasible{{/U}}.
单选题It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn , among other things, that you might — surprise — fall off. The label on a child's Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly". While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for example — and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We' re really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute — a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight — issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities, " says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate demand of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
单选题Smart dust sensors can do all the following EXCEPT ______.
单选题The work confirms hints A(that) had already been emerging in the scientific literature in recent years that p53 and related proteins might play an important role in life, but the new paper is B(far more detailed)—and, scifientists say, more compelling—C(that) anything D(published previously).
单选题He feels ______ today than yesterday.
单选题Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each
numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.
The United States is well-known for its network of
major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the
shortest possible time. {{U}}(51) {{/U}} these wide modern roads are
generally smooth and well maintained, with {{U}}(52) {{/U}} sharp curves
and many straight sections, a direct route is not always the most {{U}}(53)
{{/U}} one. Large highways often pass by scenic areas and interesting small
towns. Furthermore, these highways generally {{U}}(54) {{/U}}
large urban centers which means that they become crowded with heavy traffic
during rush hours, {{U}}(55) {{/U}} the "fast, direct" way becomes a
very slow route. However, there is almost always another route
to take {{U}}(56) {{/U}} you are not in a hurry. Not far from the
{{U}}(57) {{/U}} new "super highways", there are often older, less
heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. {{U}}(58)
{{/U}} of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curling
through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along
high cliffs, or down frightening hillsides to towns {{U}}(59) {{/U}} in
deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they
generally go to place where the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and
the driver may have a {{U}}(60) {{/U}} to get a fresh, clean view of the
world.
单选题We must ______ on our reputation to expand the business. A. improve B. build C. develop D. weigh
单选题Some people think they can read a man's ______ from his handwriting.
单选题Passing the English exam should ______ your chances of getting the post.
单选题Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your
answer by blackening the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET
Ⅰ. You have studied hard, and the day
has {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}come when you must write your
exam. Try to arrive a few minutes before the {{U}} {{U}} 2
{{/U}} {{/U}}starts. Avoid talking to other students, especially those
{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}are doing some last minute cramming.
These people will make you nervous and {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}}
{{/U}}your concentration. If you can, choose a seat that allows
you to {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Try to sit away from the
{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}to the room so you are not {{U}}
{{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}by students leaving before you are finished.
Listen {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}to any verbal instructions
from the teacher or any {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}written on
the board. Here are five {{U}} {{U}} 10
{{/U}} {{/U}}for taking exams: 1. Catch your {{U}}
{{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}; 2. Read the {{U}}
{{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}very carefully; 3. {{U}}
{{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}through the test; 4.
{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}your time; 5.
Attack the {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}.
单选题Agriculture must, therefore,______ workers and savings to the new industrialized, urbanized sectors if a modern economy is to be achieved.(2004年西南财经大学考博试题)
单选题______ the depth of the well? A．How is B．How deeply C．What is D．How much
单选题When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson ______going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. A. took to B. took up C. took on D. took in
单选题A: I"ve just heard that the tickets for the new movie have been sold out!
B: Oh, no! ______
单选题{{B}}Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your
answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}
Like all large cities, New York has old
problems to solve and {{U}}(21) {{/U}} ones to face. Slums(贫民窟) must be
cleared, and new housing constructed. {{U}}(22) {{/U}} jams continues to
plague(折磨) the city's overcrowded streets. Not only must new highways be
{{U}}(23) {{/U}}, but old ones must be repaired. Protecting the
{{U}}(24) {{/U}} and safety of New Yorkers {{U}}(25) {{/U}} an
army of police, firemen, and sanitation(卫生) workers. Finding an adequate water
{{U}}(26) {{/U}} is a constant problem, as is the attraction of new
business and industry to boost the city's {{U}}(27) {{/U}}. Caring for
the sick, {{U}}(28) {{/U}} the young, providing {{U}}(29) {{/U}}
the needy, and helping newcomers to adjust to big city life are additional tasks
{{U}}(30) {{/U}} the city must perform. In spite of New
York's {{U}}(31) {{/U}}, millions of visitors continue to flock to the
city each year. Thousands stay to work and {{U}}(32) {{/U}} in the city,
{{U}}(33) {{/U}} to New York's human resources. New Yorkers are working
hard to {{U}}(34) {{/U}} their city's needs and to keep it a world
{{U}}(35) {{/U}} of culture, industry, and commerce. New York buzzes
with the sounds of machines tearing down and building up the city, changing its
face for tomorrow's world.
单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science, it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choice in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.
单选题Passage 4 Choose the best from the following sentences marked A to E to complete the article below. Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. (16) . A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious. (17) In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. (18) Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not. Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states. These economies employ intentional price-fixin9, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are common-place. (19) , the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have. Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970's, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system (20) ; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.A. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customersB. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free marketC. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firmsD. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both "normal" and having a valuable economic functionE. Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about price-fixing-O.
单选题There are cases ______ new factories are being put up and beautiful old trees are going to be cut down for a new factory.
单选题(2002)He wrote a letter to the company to apply for that______position.