单选题"The world"s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss." If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints, from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad. After all, the world"s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they don"t. The reasons why they don"t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today"s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable. Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long term trend has been downwards. It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (亲戚) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it. fish is the best example of this.

单选题Man: I'm frustrated. We're supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library. Woman: I understand the way you feel. I'm looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own. Question: What does the woman mean?

单选题The theory of the Social Contract, first formulated by the English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, assumes that men at first lived in a state of anarchy in which there was no society, no government, and no organized coercion of the individual by the group. Hobbes maintained that by the social contract men had surrendered their natural liberties in order to enjoy the order and safety of the organized state. The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in Le Contrat Social (1762), found the general will, a means of establishing reciprocal rights and duties, privileges, and responsibilities as a basis of the state. Similar ideas were used as a justification for both the American and the French revolutions in the 18th century. Thomas Jefferson held that the preservation of certain natural rights was an essential part of the social contract, and that "consent of the governed" was fundamental to any exercise of governmental power. The Social Contract theory has withstood the test of time; it served as a rationale for the enactment of felon disenfranchisement laws in the past, and remains a compelling argument today. The early exclusion of felons from the franchise by many states could well have rested on Locke's concept, so influential at the time, that by entering into society every man authorizes the society, or which is all one, the legislature thereof, to make laws for him, as the public good of the society shall require. A man who breaks the laws he has authorized his agent to make for his own governance could fairly have been thought to have abandoned the right to participate in further administering the compact. This is especially so when account is taken of the heavy incidence of recidivism and the prevalence of organized crime. When someone commits a crime, he commits it not just against the victim, but against our entire society. Protests that time sewed is enough, and that society should prioritize the rehabilitation and reintegration of felons should fall on deaf ears. Opponents of disenfranchisement claim that the inability to vote stymies felons' "remittance into a lawabiding society". Yet they neglect to explain why the tonic of voting did not curtail felons from committing crimes initially. They have breached the social contract and, like insane persons, have raised questions about their ability to vote responsibly. Despite its initial attractiveness, the use of social contract theory to defend felon disenfranchisement is in fact specious. Disenfranchised felons are unequal parties to a contract that is fundamentally unfair in its formation on the grounds that they are unconscionable. The social contract between citizens and the state to which they delegate their authority gains its validity from the parties, freedom to contract and share an active voice in negotiating. In fact, active citizenship in the United States is but a facade without this vital right. The felon, disenfranchised upon breaching the original social contract, enters into a second contract upon his release. The validity of this second formation is questionable because the felon, in his disenfranchised state, is not an equal party truly free to contract. This suggests that the contract is unconscionable because of the unincarcerated felon's unequal position as a silent party to the ongoing negotiation of the contract. The social contract suffers from many of the ailments in the formation, liquidated damages provision, and unconscionable terms that would invalidate any traditional contract. The franchise should be returned to unincarcerated felons so that they may be whole and free parties to the social contract. The Social Contract theory and the objectives of punishment fail to provide a satisfactory explanation for the denial of one of the most fundamental rights to millions of citizens. Disenfranchisement's defenders continue to claim that denying convicts the vote is necessary to protect something called the "purity of the ballot box" and that because offenders violate the "social contract", they forfeit political rights completely unrelated to the needs of incarceration.

单选题It is understood that a letter of credit in our favour ______ the shoes ______ should be opened immediately. A．covering, saying B．covered, said C．covered, saying D．covering, said

单选题Host: John, come and sit in the sofa. Dinner will be ready in a minute. Could I get you some- thing to drink?Guest:______A. No, don' t trouble, drunk enough.B. No, you couldn't, I'm not thirsty.C. Yes, please. I'd like some Sprite.D. Yes, you could, I'd like some Coca Col

单选题I know this job of mine isn't well paid, ______, I don' I have to work long hours.

单选题The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.

单选题As is known to all ,____commodities will definitely do harm to our life sooner or later.

单选题As far as the rank of position is concerned, an associate professor is ______ to a professor, though they are almost equally knowledgeable. A. attached B. subsidiary C. previous D. inferior

单选题Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is learning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called. Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a "memory trace (记忆痕) ". What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark. Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out bow a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as measure of how much a person has remembered. One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

单选题In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden______.

单选题He is a man of a______ mood; he never finishes what he starts.

单选题The term "ubiquitous" ( Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means

单选题{{B}}Section B{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. No one gets out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. (31) {{U}}If we are given a serious diagnosis, it is useful to try to remain free of panic and depression.{{/U}} Panic can constrict blood vessels and impose an additional burden on the heart. (32) {{U}}Depression, as medical researchers way back to Galen, that ancient Greek doctor, have observed, can set the stage for other illnesses or intensify existing ones.{{/U}} It is no surprise that so many patients who learn that they have cancer or heart disease or any other catastrophic disease become worse at the time of diagnosis. (33) {{U}}The moment they have a label to attach to their symptoms, the illness deepens.{{/U}} All the terrible things they have heard about disease produce the kind of despair that in turn complicates the underlying condition. (34) {{U}}It is not unnatural to be severely apprehensive about a serious diagnosis, but a reasonable confidence is justified.{{/U}} Cancer today, for example, is largely a treatable disease. A heavily damaged heart can be reconditioned. (35) {{U}}Even a positive HIV diagnosis does not necessarily mean that the illness will move into the active stage.{{/U}}

单选题Where is the bottle of Coke ______ I bought this morning?

单选题Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a "penny press" proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances. The first offerings of a penny paper tended to 'be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering paper, had reached. This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for sir cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the Sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day's success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger (1836) and the Baltimore Sun (1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.

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