单选题By 1,800 about half the population of Brazil had come from Africa. So had about half the population of Venezuela. So had a smaller but still large part of all the population of Trans-Atlantic republics, whether in North, Central or South Africa, or in the Caribbean islands. It was these men and women of African descent conquered the wilderness of the Americas, clearing and working in countless farms and plantations, founding and opening innumerable mines of iron or precious metals. Harsh and painful as it was, the overseas slave trade (like the not much less painful movement of millions of hungry and jobless men and women from Europe) laid the foundations of American republics. These Africans beyond the seas have their place in the story of Africa (the story of West Africa), for what they attempted and achieved was also a reflection of the strong and independent civilization from which they came. Consider, for example, the heroic and successful struggle for independence conducted by the slaves of the Caribbean land of St. Domingue. In 1789, at the moment of the French Revolution, this French colony in the Caribbean was probably the wealthiest colony in the world. Its tens of thousands of African slave-workers produced enormous quantities of sugar, whole European communities lived off the profits. When news of the Revolution in France reached St. Domingue, these slaves claimed their share in its ideals and benefits. They demanded their freedom. When denied this, they rose in revolt against their masters. In years of hard fighting against large armies sent by France, and afterwards against large armies sent by Britain, these men of St. Domingue won their freedom and founded the Republic of Haiti. Yet more than half these soldiers of freedom had made the "middle passage" across the Atlantic. More than half, in other words, had been born in Africa, had spent their childhood in Africa, and had learned in Africa their respect for freedom; while nearly all the rest were the children of parents or grandparents born in Africa. And they were led by Africans: by men of genius and courage such as Boukman, the unforgettable Toussaint Louverture, and Dessalines. Raised by Toussaint and his Africans, the banner of freedom across the Atlantic was carried from people to people. Many threw off their bondage. Large numbers of men of African origin fought in the armies that made the United States what they are today. It was a general of African descent, Antonio Maceo, who led the military struggle for Cuban independence against Spain in 1868. Like other men of vision, Maceo had no time for racism, for the false idea that one race of men is better or worse than any other. Some of the whites of Cuba disagreed with him. They were Spanish settlers who thought that white was going to be better than black even in an independent Cuba. One day Maceo was approached by a Spanish Cuban who suggested that the regiments of independence army should be divided into whites and non-whites. Maceo made him a reply which became famous in Cuba. "If you were not white," Maceo said to this man, "I would have you shot on the spot. But I do not wish to be accused of being racialist as you are, and so I let you go, but with the warning that I shall not be so patient another time. The revolution has no color./

单选题Better modeling, more wisely applied, would have helped, Mr. Lindsey said, but so would have common sense in senior management.

单选题I can't stand ______ as a little girl.

单选题A dog______on his owner's lap may refuse to eat from a bowl on the floor.

单选题Where the Galapagos Islands lie today, there was once an unbroken expanse of Pacific. Then the sea began to seethe and simmer, the earth"s crust was pierced, and matter gushed forth con-tinuously. Lava and scoriae (loose, cinderlike lava) piled up until one day spewing volcanoes raised peaks above the brawling sea. Many thousands of years passed before life could settle upon the cooled land. Then wind and waves brought the first hardy seed of primitive plants. After these came others, then insects, liz-ards, and birds. The chance that any animal would survive the trip from the South American con-tinent more than six hundred miles away was slight; only a few hardy species came through alive. This is why there are many gaps in the animal life of the islands. Those that did reach the out-of-the-way islands developed over the ages into a number of quite peculiar forms. Because conditions in the Galapagos differed from those in their original homes, the animals had to change or perish. Only in the Galapagos are there seaweed-eating ma-rine lizards, giant tortoises, and flightless cormorants. In fact, most of the species found in the Galapagos Islands are endemics, they exist only in the archipelago.

单选题Speaker A: Chinese or Italian, what would you prefer for dinner? Speaker B: ______, as far as I don"t have to cook.

单选题It is time we _______ to pay more attention to the indoor air we breathe.

单选题The candidate realized that he wasU handicapped /Uby his age.

单选题 Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero? Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people. A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame. Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people. The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine, hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? if the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant? Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr. , we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks: It may be possible for larges-cale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.

单选题It is an unfortunate fact that most North Americans know little about American Indian culture and history. Scholars have studied such matters, but they have not succeeded in broadcasting their conclusions widely. Thus, it is still not widely known that American Indians have epics, that they performed plays long before Europeans arrived, and that they practiced politics and carried on trade. One way to gain a fuller appreciation of this rich culture is to examine American Indian poetry, for poetry is in all cultures the most central and articulate of the arts. It is especially important that we study American Indian poetry as this poetry can create a context that gives cohesive expression to the crafts, the artifacts, and the isolated facts that many Americans have managed to notice willy-nilly. Even a survey of American Indian poetry reveals a range of poetic thought and technique that defies easy generalization. Jarold Ramsey hazards a summary, however, which serves at least to give the uninitiated reader some sense of what American Indian poetry is like. Overall, he writes, it represents " an oral, formulaic, traditional, and anonymous art form," whose approach is to emphasize the "mythic and sacred" components of reality. It "flourished through public performances... by skilled recitalists whose audiences already knew the individual stories" and valued the performers for their "ability to exploit their material dramatically and to combine them[their stories]in longer cycles" rather than for their "plot invention. " Because this poetry belongs to highly ethnocentric tribal peoples, whose cultures " we still do not know much about," it " is likely to seem all the more terse, even cryptic. American Indian poetry has another feature that Ramsey ignores: it is always functional. Whether sung, chanted, or recited; whether performed ceremonially, as entertainment, or as part of a task such as curing a patient or grinding corn; or whether recited individually or by a group, it is always fully woven into the fabric of ordinary life. For complicated reasons, American Indian poetry has basically been ignored by non-Indian cultures. Kenneth Lincoln writes that failure to hear American Indian voices results " partly... from the tragedies of tribal dislocation, partly from mistranslation, partly from misconceptions about literature, partly from cultural indifference. " Brian Swann suggests an additional explanation; tribal poetry is oral, whereas Europeans arrived in the New World with a deeply ingrained belief in the primacy of the written word. As a result, European settlers found it hard to imagine that poetry could exist without written texts and thus that the American Indians had achieved something parallel to what Europeans called literature long before Europeans arrived. As a consequence, Europeans did not fully respond to the rich vitality of American Indian poetry.

单选题Speaker A: Would you please close the window? I feel a bit cold. Speaker B:______

单选题A petition to save Arlington County"s David M. Brown Planetarium is 800 signatures strong and there are more than 3,000 fans on the related Facebook page, but the facility is still cut from the proposed school"s budget. "There are a couple of weeks before the public school"s budget is final," said James Gartner, a member of the organization working to save the 40-year-old planetarium before the April 29 cutoff date. Patrick K. Murphy, Arlington school"s superintendent, said during remarks updating his budget figures last week that school officials are "in a dialogue" with planetarium supporters. "I would encourage us to continue to keep this dialogue open, evaluate positions...and think about a window of time ranging anywhere from 12 to 18 months to see whether the community can raise enough money to keep the institution open," Murphy said. The planetarium"s $230,000 operating budget is cut from the proposed fiscal 2011 budget because the facility is outdated and requires about $500,000 in upgrades. School officials have said the money is needed elsewhere in the system. Gartner said a core group of supporters is becoming a nonprofit, but he fears that without the School Board"s support, the planetarium could still be closed by July. "If we don"t get that other year, we believe any fundraising activities would be sabotaged if the planetarium is already closed," he said. Last week, the School Board presented the Arlington County Board with a $439.8 million budget, $2.3 million less than what Murphy proposed in February, primarily because of less state funding. The new budget figures include several English as a second language specialists who were previously cut, thanks to updated student enrollment numbers and adjustments made by the state to the required retirement accounts for school employees. "School-based substitutes, many transportation cuts and higher sports fees also were reinstated," Murphy said. Students and teachers from the Langston and Arlington Mill continuing education programs spoke at the board"s meeting last week requesting no changes to the programs. "The system has proposed to reduce the continuing education teachers" salaries by 17 percent, add days to their school year and cut instructional time so the program is more consistent with high school schedules. The adjustments allowed all of the teachers to keep their jobs and put the program in a better position for future initiatives," said Betty E. Hobbs, assistant superintendent of personnel.

单选题Prof. Wang is so ______ in her work that it would be a pity to disturb her.

单选题The stoic former general led his civilian life as he had his military life, with simplicity and ______ dignity. A. benevolent B. informal C. austere D. aggressive

单选题The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval______ natural settings had been ______ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation.

单选题—I've never seen that movie. —______ have I. A. So B. Either C. Neither D. Too

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} When the American economy was running full tilt two years ago, few places were as breathlessly delighted as Seattle. Its port was thronged with ships bringing goods from Asia. The Boeing Company could barely keep up with demand for its airliners. Microsoft was hiring hordes of software engineers. After each rain shower, another Internet millionaire sprang up. Here was a city that had it all--Old Economy, New Economy, Not-Yet-Invented Economy. Now it has all gone sour. The past 12 months have been a non-stop succession of disappointments. Boeing's headquarters decamped to Chicago. The Internet economy popped alike a balloon in a nail factory, taking with it once promising local ventures such as Homegrocer.com and leaving can't-possibly-miss companies such as drugstore.com barely hanging on. And an already troubled Boeing was hit even harder after September 11th both by a steep drop in airliner orders and by losing a $ 200 billion Joint Strike Fighter contract to Lockheed Martin. Washington State, battered by what is happening in Seattle, now has the highest unemployment rate in the United States--6.6% compared with 5.4% in the country as a whole. Right behind it is next-door Oregon, another former boom state, with 6.5% of its workforce out of a job, the country's second worst figure. In Oregon, manufacturing's collapse has caused the loss of nearly 30,000 jobs in a year, those hit range from Freightliner, a maker of heavy lorries, to high-tech companies such as Intel and Fujitsu. What makes the current plunge so painful is that every part of the economy seems to have stepped into an open manhole at the same time. Three years ago, when Boeing began to remove more than 20,000 people that Boeing expects to lay off by the middle of 2002 have to compete with unemployed workers not just from the high-tech industry but from construction work and even the retail sector. Portland now has more jobless than the other parts of Oregon: the opposite of how things were years ago. Even worse, the Pacific north west's downturn, as well as being deeper than the rest of the country, may also last longer. One reason for fearing this is Boeing's continuing woes. Nowadays Boeing accounts for less than 5% of employment in the Seattle area, down from 9% two decades ago. But it remains the foundation on which the rest is built. Its network of suppliers and subcontractors gives it a far stronger multiplier effect than, say, Microsoft, which is more an island of prosperity than a center of web. The chances are that Boeing will not really bounce back until the assumed revival in air travel persuades airline companies to start buying plenty of aircraft again. And that may not be until 2003.

单选题After the war, Germany became one of Europe's most______countries.

单选题I'm afraid I can't see you this afternoon, because I ______ tennis with Frank.