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文学
单选题
单选题According to the passage, at bus or tram stop you should ______.
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A. s{{U}}u{{/U}}bject
B. s{{U}}u{{/U}}cceed
C. s{{U}}u{{/U}}pply
D. s{{U}}u{{/U}}ppose
单选题Man: I think I'm going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today. Woman: Just because you lost? Is that the reason to quit? Question: What does the woman imply? A. The man should stick to what he's doing. B. The man should take up a new hobby. C. The man should stop playing tennis. D. The man should find the cause for his failure.
单选题It can be inferred from the passage that the underlined phrase "dead beat" in paragraph I means ______.
单选题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank.
Each year, hundreds of thousands of
people die from heart attack, a leading cause of death. In the Landmark
Physicians' Health Study at Harvard University in the United States in the late
1980s, a research team led by Dr. Hennekens studied 22, 701 healthy male
physicians, half of whom were randomly{{U}} (1) {{/U}}to take an aspirin
every other day while the others took placebos(安慰剂). After the participants had
been{{U}} (2) {{/U}}for an average of five years, the doctors in the
aspirin group were found to have suffered 44 percent fewer first heart attacks.
{{U}}(3) {{/U}}, a recent international study indicates that aspirin can
be beneficial for those people with a history of coronary artery(冠动脉) bypass
surgery, {{U}}(4) {{/U}}of their sex, age or whether they have high
blood pressure or diabetes. According to a report by the
American Heart Association, doctors should consider prescribing{{U}}
(5) {{/U}}aspirin for middle-aged people with a family history of,
or{{U}} (6) {{/U}}for, heart disease. (Risk factors include smoking,
being more than 20 percent overweight, high blood pressure and lack of exercise.
) Aspirin is also a lifesaver during heart attacks.
Paramedics now give it routinely, and experts urge anyone with chest pain,
{{U}}(7) {{/U}}if it spreads to the neck, shoulder or an arm, or is
accompanied by sweating, nausea (恶心), lightheadedness and breathing difficulty
to chew and {{U}}(8) {{/U}}an aspirin tablet immediately.
When taking aspirin for heart attack, {{U}}(9)
{{/U}}the plain, uncoated variety. For even faster absorption, crush and mix
with a little water. Speed of absorption is critical because most heart attack
deaths occur{{U}} (10) {{/U}}the first few hours after chest pain
strikes.
单选题The potential profit, and the ease A
on which
they can be made from insider trading, market manipulation, conflict-of-interest transactions B
and
many other illegal or unethical activities C
are
too great and too pervasive D
to be ignored
.
单选题Man is superior to animals______he uses language to convey his thoughts.
单选题 The cowboy is the hero of many movies. He is, even
today, a symbol of courage and adventure. But what was the life of the cowboy
really like? The cowboy's job is clear from the word "cowboy".
Cowboys were men who took care of cows and other cattle. The cattle were in the
West and in Texas. People in the cities of the East wanted beef from these
cattle. Trains could take the cattle east. But first the cattle had to get to
the trains. Part of the cowboy's job was to take the cattle hundreds of miles to
the railroad towns. The trips were called cattle drives. A
cattle drive usually took several months. Cowboys rode for sixteen hours a day.
Because they rode so much, each cowboy brought along about eight horses. A
cowboy changed horses several times each day. The cowboys had
to make sure that the cattle arrived safely. Before starting on a drive, the
cowboys branded the cattle. They burned a mark on the cattle to show who they
belonged to. But these marks didn't stop rustlers, or cattle thieves. Cowboys
had to protect the cattle from rustlers. Rustlers made the dangerous trip even
more dangerous. Even though their work was very difficult and
dangerous, cowboys did not earn much money. They were paid bally. Yet cowboys
liked their way of life. They lived in a wild and open country. They lived a
life of adventure and freedom.
单选题The judge criticized the lawyer because he didnt keep his remarks to the topic ______ discussion. A) on B) under C) with D) for
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单选题The need to see that justice is done______.every decision made in the courts. A. implants into B. imposes on C. impinges upon D. imprecates upon
单选题But for my brother's help I ______ the work. A. will not finish B. would not have finished C. would not finish D. should not have finished
单选题Which of the following statement of the Japan's culture is true according to the passage?
单选题According to the passage Microsoft
单选题He finds (it) easier to do the (cooking) himself than (teaching) his wife (to cook).
单选题As______known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
单选题Being a bad-tempered man, he would not tolerate______his lectures interrupted as if he were some obscure candidate making an election speech.
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单选题If you Ubecome reconciled/U to your lot, you will never dig out your potential and will remain what you are.
单选题Text 4 Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost. The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits. While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers. Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The products so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intention of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative. A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set the price at $295 or $299,95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appeal to a potential car customer than $8000. Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the awarding of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on considerations of quality and service.
单选题"I'm a total geek all around," says Angela BYron, a 27-year-old computer prlogrammer who has just graduated from Nova Scotia Community College. And yet, like many other students, she "never had the confidence" to approach any of the various open-source software communities on the internet--distributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that is then made freely available. But thanks to Google, the world's most popular search engine and one of the biggest proponents of open-source software, Ms Byron spent the summer contributing code to Drupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. "It's awesome," she says. Ms Byron is one of 419 students (out of 8 744 who applied) who were accepted for Google's "summer of code". While it sounds like a hyper-nerdy summer camp, the students neither went to Google's campus in Mountain View, California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projects happened to be located. Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and sponsor. Each of the participating open-source projects received ＄500 for every student it took on; and each student received ＄4 500 (＄ 500 right away, and ＄4 000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt. All of this is the idea of Chris DiBona, Google's open-source boss, who was brainstorming with Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google's founders, last year. They realised that a lot of programming talent goes to waste every summer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills degrade. "We want to make it better for students in the summer," says Mr. DiBona, adding that it also helps the open- source community and thus, indirectly, Google, which uses lots of open source software behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr. DiBona, "it does become an opportunity for recruiting." Elliot Cohen, a student at Berkeley, spent his summer writing a "Bayesian network toolbox" for Python, an open-source programming language. "I'm a pretty big fan of Google," he says. He has an interview scheduled with Microsoft, but "Google is the only big company that I would work at," he says. And if that doesn't work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, "and it's a lot less intimidating./
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单选题Poor as he was, he was ______ making profits at the expense of others.
单选题The author raises the question "what about pain without gain?" because ______.
单选题The bird flu virus is mutating and becoming more dangerous to mammals, according to researchers. The discovery reinforces fears that a human pandemic of the disease could yet occur. Avian flu hit the headlines in 1997 when a strain called H5N1 jumped from chickens to people, killing 6 people in Hong Kong. Within 3 days, the country's entire chicken population was slaughtered and the outbreak was controlled. Since then new strains of virus have emerged, killing a further 14 people. As yet, no strain has been able to jump routinely from person to person. But if a more virulent strain evolves, the fear is that it could trigger widespread outbreaks, potentially affecting millions of people. Now, genetic and animal studies show that the virus is becoming more menacing to mammals. Immediate action is needed to stem the virus's transmission, says Hualan Chen from Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, China, who was involved in the research. Chen and colleagues studied 21 H5N1 flu virus samples taken from apparently healthy ducks, which act as a natural reservoir for the disease, in southern China between 1999 and 2002. The researchers inoculated groups of chickens, mice and ducks with virus samples taken from different years and waited to see which animals became ill. Their results are presented this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. As expected, ducks were immune to the virus's effects and the chickens fell sick. However, the mice also became ill, losing weight and the use of their limbs. Crucially, the severity of their illness was linked with the year from which the virus sample was taken. Viruses isolated in 2001 and 2002 made the animals more ill than those isolated earlier on. The findings hint that some time around 2001, the virus became adept at infecting mammals. Genetic analysis of the same samples reveals that the virus's DNA changed over that time, suggesting that accumulated mutations may have contributed to the increased virulence. Researchers are concerned that a virus that has acquired the ability to infect mice could also infect humans. "The disease could resurge at any time, " warns virologist Marion Koopmans from the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment in Bilthoven, the Netherlands. The findings highlight the need for improved surveillance to ensure that any future outbreaks are curtailed, she says. Although domestic poultry are easily culled, wild animals are more difficult to contain. "It is impossible to eradicate the natural reservoir, " says Koopmans, "so we need to learn to live with it. " Birds may not be the only villains in this story, however. Chen believes that pigs may also play a part. In Asia, chickens and pigs are often kept in close proximity, so the virus may have shuffled back and forth between the 2 species, picking up mutations and becoming better at infecting mammalian hosts. Humans may then have caught the disease from swine.
单选题There A
is
much in our life B
which
we do not control C
and we are
not even responsible D
for
.
单选题When our children are born, we study their every eyelash and marvel at the perfection of their toes, and in no time become experts in all that they do. But then the day comes when we are expected to hand them over to a stranger standing at the head of a room full of bright colors and small chairs. Well aware of the difference a great teacher can make—and the damage a bad teacher can do—parents turn over their kids and hope. Please handle with care. Please don"t let my children get lost. They"re breakable. And precious. Oh, but push them hard and don"t let up, and make sure they get into Harvard.
But if parents are searching for the perfect teacher, teachers are looking for the ideal parent, a partner but not a pest, engaged but not obsessed, with a sense of perspective and patience. And somehow just at the moment when the experts all say the parent-teacher alliance is more important than ever, it is also becoming harder to manage. At a time when competition is rising and resources are strained, when battles over testing and accountability force schools to adjust their priorities, when cell phones and e-mail speed up the information flow and all kinds of private ghosts and public quarrels creep into the parent-teacher conference, it"s harder for both sides to step back and breathe deeply and look at the goals they share.
Ask teachers about the best part of their job, and most will say how much they love working with kids. Ask them about the most demanding part, and they will say dealing with parents. In fact, a new study finds that of all the challenges they face, new teachers rank handling parents at the top. According to preliminary results from the MetLife Survey of the American Teacher, parent management was a bigger struggle than finding enough funding or maintaining discipline or enduring the toils of testing. It"s one reason that 40% to 50% of new teachers leave the profession within five years. Even master teachers who love their work call this "the most treacherous part of their jobs."
"Everyone says the parent-teacher conference should be pleasant, civilized, a kind of dialogue where parents and teachers build alliances," Lawrence-Lightfoot observes. "But what most teachers feel, and certainly what all parents feel, is anxiety, panic and vulnerability." While teachers worry most about the parents they never see, the ones who show up faithfully pose a whole different set of challenges. "I could summarize in one sentence what teachers hate about parents," says the head of a private school. "We hate it when parents undermine the education and growth of their children. That"s it, plain and simple."
单选题"I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like ______ We told you not to eat at a restaurant. You'd better ______ at home when you are not in the shape."
单选题A few years ago an American campaigner wrote a book in which he set the main points of his fascinating crusade (改革运动)-to abolish television. His book Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is an American cult (狂热崇拜的) bestseller, and after eight editions is still generating concern and savage debate(热烈的讨论) in the USA. Jerry Mander, a former advertising expert is convinced that for the sake of our freedom, and mental and physical health, we should learn to live without TV. Through his advertising background Mander is aware of how much of television is concerned with advertising. He sees the planting of values for profit as "a deep, profound and disturbing act by the few against the many, for a trivial purpose". And, even without commercials, he sees TV as disturbing because it crams people's heads with images, which alter the way they feel and behave. Pictures formed by 300, 000 tiny dancing dots altering 30 times per second, bombard (轰击) their eyes as people scan the images 10 times a second. The brain registers stores all 30 images, but the conscious mind registers far fewer. But, argues Mander, even if you reject or doubt what you see consciously, it is too late, the crucial (极其重要的) messages have gone home. He further argues that TV is deadening experience as it is restricted to just two senses—sight and sound. "Perception(感觉，感知) is dulled and flattened, "says Mander, "when you can't feel and smell and totally experience an event. "People are just sitting passively for up to four hours a night watching a flickering screen and listening to artificial sound. "No culture in history has spent such an enormous amount of time looking at artificial light," says Mander, " and another worrying fact is that prolonged exposure to artificial light alters human cells, which is why it is being used for certain medical treatment. " Researchers do not know if lifelong TV exposure is a physical risk or not, but as Mander Would argue, why run the risk ? It is important that people get up now and switch off before the harm is done—they might also become brainwashed, or, who knows, they might even be approaching death.
单选题As is known to all, a country gets a(an)______from taxes.
单选题The latest study includes a comparison made between ______.
单选题While I was skiing，I ______ and broke my wrist．
单选题-How do you to her unkindly behavior? -Only silence.
Which of the following is wrong?
A. react
B. answer
C. reply
D. respond
单选题Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the
passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them
there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your
answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.{{B}}Passage
One{{/B}}
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult
that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new
explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work may say that you are
hot. That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your
cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during
the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has
discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: "Get up,
John! You'll be late for work again. " The possible explanation to the trouble
is that John is at his temperature and energy peak in the evening. Much family
quarreling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,
and which cycle each member of the family has. You can't change
your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can
help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you
must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually
staying up later than you want to. ff your energy is low in the morning but you
have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This
won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low
point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy: get up
with a leisurely yawn and stretch; sit on the edge of the bed a minute before
putting your feet on the floor; avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes
by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the
afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper
hours.
单选题In many cultures people insist______ that the importance of being punctual. A. in B. over C. to D. on
单选题It is a general belief in American society that Asian or Asian-American parents are able to instill into their children a much greater {{U}}incentive{{/U}} to work.
单选题The mail was_____for two days because of the snowstorm.
单选题In English, ______and______are often expressed by subject and object.
单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four
texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}}
The increase in global trade means that
international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if
they want to be competitive. Understanding the language and
culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful
international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign
markets with embarrassing results. Translation mistakes are at
the heart of many blunders in international advertising. General
Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its
Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for "new (star)" and
means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like "nova",
meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed
meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales "picked up"
dramatically. Marketing blunders have also been made by food and
beverage companies. One American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant"
(for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was
translated into Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre". When
translated into German, Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with Pepsi" came out
implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush
out to buy Pepsi. Successful international marketing doesn't
stop with good translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and
understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. When marketers do
not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate,
superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their
target market. For example, an American designer tried to
introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused
little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was
traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.
Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies
are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to
cultural distinctions. The best way to prevent errors is to hire
professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic
usage, or to use a technique called "back translation" to reduce the possibility
of blunders. The process used one person to translate a message
into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators
aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word
duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes
misunderstandings. In designing advertisements for other
countries, messages need to be short and simple. They should
also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may
not be so humorous in another.
单选题The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to ______dollars in fear of another government inter
单选题
单选题Here the burden of his thought is that the philosopher ,aiming at truth,must not ____the seduction of trying to write beautifully.
单选题A: I'd rather have some wine, if you don't mind.
B:______
A. No, you'd better not.
B. Not at all, anything you want.
C. Thank you all the same.
D. Yes, but not good.
单选题Text 2 Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships. Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem. Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion. As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually "made" in the elementary schools, scientists can be "lost" by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called "distinguished research investigators" or something else. The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.
单选题What ______ if I had been asked to join, I cannot tell. A. would I have done B. would I do C. I would do D. I would have done
单选题Monday's earthquake______windows and woke residents.
单选题I had intended ______ him while he was living at Aberdeen. A. to visit B. visiting C. to have visited D. having visited
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单选题We are interested in the weather because it ______ us so directly
------what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A. benefits
B. guides
C. affects
D. effects
单选题The bat is a marvel of evolutionary adaptation. Most of them roost during the day, and are active at night or twilight for they can avoid objects in the dark. I have seen this phenomenon at work. In my youth, I used to explore old mining shafts in the Randsburg district. Sometimes my intrusion disturbed clans of bats that were hanging upside down in the dark caves. They would fly about to evident panic, but the panic was mine, not theirs. Some flew crazily out into the daylight but some merely returned to their perches. None ever touched me, much to my relief. They may exist but I have never seen a stuffed nylon bat. To children, bats may not be as lovable as koala bears. Perhaps manufacturers do not regard them as marketable. It is not so much their hideous faces and winged bodies that have caused us to get rid of bats, but rather the ancient myths in which dead humans, such as Count Dracula, leave their graves at night in the form of bats to suck blood from human victims, especially fragile young woman. As we know from some movies these vampires must return to their graves before daylight. Endangered young women can frustrate vampire by sleeping with a string of garlic around their necks. There are actually three species of bloodsucking bats. They are called vampire bats after the ancient legends, and their tactics are indeed frightful. Like Count Dracula, they feed at night. They make a small cut in their sleeping victim with sharp incisor teeth, usually not even awakening their prey. Then they suck the blood that sustains them. Should that discourage children from wanting them as pets? As Mitchell notes from the New Yorker ad, bats are clean and intelligent. Most of them are insect-eaters, and they serve nature by destroying crop-damaging insects. They also pollinate (传授花粉) flowers and spreading seed. Bat Conservation International claims that without bats a host of insects/pests would multiply unchecked and many of our planet's most valuable plants would go unpollinated. It is clear that the bar is our friend, and that, despite its appearance, it is here to serve humanity. I'd be the first to buy a stuffed nylon bat. Children's hearts are big, and bats need love, too.
单选题When a society is polarized, the ______ Left confronts the extreme Right and there's nobody in between.
单选题If you had ______ your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.A. looked upB. thought aboutC. gone overD. gone round
单选题It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don't at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth's story: I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间 ) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but "nice" isn't a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you'll probably have to ask for it. Performance is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want. Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services? Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
单选题{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}
Tattoos didn't spring up with the biker gangs and rock 'n'
roll bands. They've been around for a long time and had many different meanings
over the course of history. For years, scientists believed that
Egyptians and Nubians were the first people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in
1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C.
"The Iceman," as the specimen was called, had several markings on his body,
including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It
is believed these tattoos were made in a curative (治病的) effort.
Being so advanced, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of
tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties
of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece', Persia and Arabia.
The art tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000
B.C. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the
art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The
Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors,
perspective, and imaginative designs gave the practice a whole new angle. During
the first millennium A.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and
confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers. In the Balkans, the
Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to
Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status.
Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered
the art form when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek
out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian that introduced them to
tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesian word tattau, which
means "to mark." Most of the early uses of tattoos were
ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for
this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman
settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves
and criminals. In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and
told the history of the person's life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo
to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got
married. Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for
globe-trotting sailors. Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would
get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant
the sailor had reached a "China station." At first, sailors would spend their
free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo
parlors were set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide. In
the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the
criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for
being rough places flail of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another.
This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated
with rebels and criminals.
单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}}
On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln
went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery.
The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln
at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at
Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward
Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man
and very popular everywhere. It is said that Lincoln prepared
his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his
hotel room and tired out, be again worked briefly on the speech. The next day
Everett spoke fast. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a
perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of
15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine
minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and
remarked, "I have failed again". On the train back to Washington, he said sadly,
"That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed".
Some newspapers at first criticized the speech, but little by little as
people redid the speech they began to understand better. (76){{U}} They began to
appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only
Abraham Lincoln could have made.{{/U}} Today, every American
school child learns Lincoln' s Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks
of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American
history.
单选题
单选题Although the financial crisis spread all over the southeastern Asian countries, the market in China remained______as usual.
单选题The book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems ______.
单选题The candidate realized that he was handicapped by his age.
单选题The house needs ______, so we have to wait until Sunday to move in. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
单选题It was in Beihai Park ______ they made a date for the first time ______ the old couple told us their love story. A) where; that B) that; that C) where; when D) that; when
单选题Among other things the Town Council is responsible for parks, fire services, ______ collection and libraries. A. refuse B. plague C. robbery D. insect
单选题Apple pie is ______ neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value. A. at itself B. as itself C. on itself D. in itself
单选题The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT the
单选题In her mind, Peter was ______ than his elder brother. A. more of a businessman B. a businessman more C. a more businessman D. more businessman
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
Many strange new means of transport
have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the
hovercraft. In 1953, a former electronics engineer in his fifties, Christopher
Cockerell, who had turned to boat-building on the Norfolk Broads, suggested an
idea on which be had been working for many years to the British government and
industrial circles. It was the idea of supporting a craft on a "pad", or
cushion, of low-pressure air, ringed with a curtain of higher pressure air. Ever
since, people have had difficulty in deciding whether the craft should be ranged
among ships, planes, or land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and
an aircraft. As a ship builder, Cockerell was trying to find a solution to the
problem of the wave resistance which wastes a good deal of a surface's power and
limits its speed. His answer was to lift the vessel out of the water by making
it ride on a cushion of air, no more than one or two feet thick. This is done by
a great number of ring-shaped air jets on the bottom of the craft. It "flies",
therefore, but it cannot fly higher—its action depends on the surface, water or
ground, over which it rides.
单选题At three o'clock ______ a cold morning, he arrived here.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. of
单选题The students expected there______ more reviewing classes before the final test.
单选题The word "installment" in the passage probably means" ______ ".
单选题Why is Valentine's Day, a holiday dedicated to the sweet bloom of love, celebrated in a cold month more suited to hats and gloves than to thoughts of love? "It's very mysterious," says Henry Kelly, director of the Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at the University of California. Kelly theorizes lovers everywhere can thank two guys from the 14th century: renowned poet Geoffrey Chaucer—famous for penning "The Canterbury Tales"—and a not-so-famous saint who went by the name of Valentine. In 1381, Chaucer was busy composing a poem in honor of the arranged marriage between England's Richard II and Anne of Bohemia. Chaucer was looking for just the right saint to honor on May 3, the day Richard II signed the papers of engagement to his Bohemia beauty. His search ended, Kelly guesses, when Chaucer learned that a Saint Valentine of Genoa had an honorary feast day on May 3. So he wrote the poem "The Parliament of Fowls" in the couple's honor. "The Parliament of Fowls" literally means "the meeting of birds" , says Kelly. "Chaucer dreamed up the idea that all birds chose their mates on May 3rd. When the spring brought its sunny smile back to the earth, it was easy to imagine the winged animals fluttering about and flirting with their lovers. " After Chaucer's death in ld00, Valentine's Day celebrations got pushed back to February. The date may have changed because the first song birds that traditionally warble(鸟鸣) after a winter tend to debut in mid-February. But the holiday that honors lovebirds everywhere with rhymed verse and colored candy hearts has not always been so popular. The very celebration of Valentine's Day has gone in and out of vogue. In the 16th century in Genoa you have it, but there is not much notice of it in other countries. The sweet-toothed holiday experienced renewed vigor in England just prior to 1800, and publishing companies came to the aid of tongue-tied lovers by distributing booklets of passages lovers could use to stir hearts. If they couldn't find the words in their hearts, companies figured, at least these Romeos could find some coins in their pocket to make their sweethearts happy. The celebration suffered a popularity plunge in the 19th century, but by the next century, Americans had rescued Valentine's Day from the trash heap, turning it into a commercial bonanza.
单选题Public goods are those commodities from whose enjoyment nobody can be effectively excluded. Everybody is free to enjoy the benefits of these commodities, and one person"s utilization does not reduce the possibilities of anybody else"s enjoying the same good.
Examples of public goods are not as rare as one might expect. A flood control dam is a public goods. Once the dam is built, all persons living in the area will benefit—irrespective of their own contribution to the construction cost of the dam. The same holds true for highway signs or aids to navigation. Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively excluded from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational proposes. National defense is another example. Even a person who voted against military expenditures or did not pay any taxes will benefit from the protection afforded.
It is no easy task to determine the social costs and social benefits associated with public goods. There is no practicable way of charging drivers for looking at highway signs, sailors for watching a lighthouse, and citizens for the security provided to them through national defense. Because the market does not provide the necessary signals, economic analysis has to be substituted for the impersonal judgement of the marketplace.
单选题His tick convinced none but the most ______.
单选题
单选题Most people are right-handed and children usually have the same handedness as their parents. This suggests that genes are at work. But identical twins have identical genes, so genes cannot be the whole story. Cultural attitudes seem to have played an important part in the development of hand preferences. In the past, left-handed have suffered anything from teasing to flogging. Even today in some countries en forced right-handedness, particularly for writing and eating, is still common. To explain the observed patterns of handedness, researchers have devised what is known as a' geneculture coevolution' model. The initial assumption of the model-drawn from observation of non-human primates and other mammals such as mice-is that early on in human evolution, the genetic make-up of individuals inclined them to prefer one hand or the other, but that the population was equally divided between right and left-handed people. Over time, according to the model, the interaction of genes and culture has produced a state where everyone has identical genes for handedness. This would happen if, for whatever reason, right-handers were more likely to survive and reproduce. The idea may not be that far fetched. Many biologists believe that handedness is related to brain structure, say, for example, early right-handers may have been better at language. The model predicts that today everyone has genes which confer a basic predisposition of 78% to be right-handed. How children actually turn out, however, can be influenced by whether their parents are dextral or sinistral. For example, children may mimic their parents. Or parents may influence the handedness of their children in the way that they hand them toys or food. The researchers reckon that a child with two right-handed parents has a 91% probability of being right-handed; a child with two left-handed parents has a probability of only 63% of being right-handed. But parental influence does not account for everything. Random events during a child's development can also have a small effect on handedness. Even if identical twins have parents who are both dextral, factors such as their position in the womb may result in the twins not preferring the same hands. The model seems plausible. It accurately predicts the results of 13 studies of the handedness of twins as well as the proportion of left-handers found in the population at large (roughly 12%, a figure that seems to be quite stable). Asymmetries in early tools, and in the way in which prey were clubbed, suggest that hominids as early as the Australopithecines may have preferred their right hands. Whatever the origin of this dexterous preference, though, left-handers remain at large. Some people are just sinister.
单选题I will lend you the book ______ you return it to me in time. A. on condition that B. in case C. in order that D. so that
单选题I was so preoccupied with the book that I was______of the surroundings.
单选题No one could tell us anything about the______strangers.
单选题What will happen to the engine when oil pressure drops?
单选题They stopped the car on top of a hill in order to ______.
单选题To please no one A
I will prescribe
a deadly drug, B
nor give advice
which may cause his death. C
Nor will I
give D
a woman a pessary
to procure abortion. But I will preserve the purity of my life and my art.
单选题Speaker A: Is there anything I can do for you? Speaker
B: ______, there is something.
A. No, nothing
B. Well, now that you ask
C. Nothing I can think of
D. If you ask me
单选题"With malice toward none, with charity for all. "
单选题I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ______ character. (2010年厦门大学考博试题)
单选题Associated with the issue of enabling older people to be active participants in a country"s development is the need for lifelong learning programs to ______ members of the ageing population to find employment.
单选题Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, and ______, women live about six years longer than men on an average.
单选题When Jane was in 7
th
grade, she found that there was a lot of trouble in reading. Her mother used to sit by her side, and explain each paragraph of each school reading assignment to her because she didn"t understand what she was reading.
In class, Jane tried to hide the fact that she couldn"t read. Her teachers gave them the last ten minutes of class to start their reading homework, and she would sit there for the last ten minutes of class staring at the page, pretending she was reading it. She had to wait until she got home so her mother could explain it to her.
(82)
By 8th grade she started comprehension a little on her own, but She still read very slowly at that time.
She went out and took a course on speed reading. Then she developed her own way to read faster with better results. She started practicing these techniques every day, and as she started to read faster, her comprehension increased. So she was able to read faster with better comprehension.
She found that when you read slowly, word by word, you get lost in the words, lose the bigger picture, and your comprehension drops. When you read faster, your comprehension goes up because, instead of getting lost in the words, you can get the general idea.
单选题Tigers and bears are very dangerous. That's ______ they have to stay in cages in the zoo. A. why B. where C. how D. what
单选题 Astronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in
his career, including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls
with special fondness a decidedly earthbound(只在地球上的)experience in the summer of
1980 when he participated in the NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program.
Voss, then a science teacher at West Point was assigned to the Marshall Space
Flight Center's propulsion(推进)lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel
pump seal on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had
failed. It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running
the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal
could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on
them. "I worked abit with NASA engineers," says Voss, "but I
did it mostly by analysis. I used a handheld calculator, not a computer, to do a
thermodynamic(热力学的)analysis." At the end of the summer, he, like the other
NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall summarized his findings in a formal
presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the
ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA, deepened his desire to fly in
space, and intensified his application for astronaut status. It
was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for
the astronaut program in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space
mission. The 50-year-old Army officer, who lives in Houston, is now in training
for a four-month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station
starting in July 2000. Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful
for all involved. "It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a
special property for a particular period of time. It brings some fresh eyes and
fresh ideas to NASA, and establishes a link with colleges and universities,"
Voss explains. "There is an exchange of information and an exchange of
perspectives that is very important." For the academic side,
Voss says, the ASEE program also "brings institutions of higher learning more
insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real-world
problems and take it back to the classroom."
单选题They went away for Ua fortnight/U on holiday.
单选题
单选题To the child, the genius with imagination, or the wholly untraveled, the approach to a great city for the first time is a wonderful thing. Particularly if it be evening-that mystic period between the glare and gloom of the world when life is changing from one sphere or condition to another. Ah, the promise of the night. What does it not hold for the weary! What old illusion of hope is not here forever repeated ! Says the soul of the toiler to itself. " I shall soon be free. I shall be in the ways and the hosts of the merry. The streets, the lamps, the lighted chamber set for dining, are for me. The theatre , the halls, the parties, the ways of rest and the paths of song—these are mine in the night. "The following passage is taken from the novel entitled______.
单选题The doctor warned him that his ______ nature made him susceptible to a stroke and urged him to curb his temper. A. chronic B. illusory C. choleric D. candid
单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}}
President Bush takes to the bully
pulpit to deliver a stern lecture to America's business elite. The Justice Dept.
stuns the accounting profession by filing a criminal indictment of Arthur
Andersen LLP for destroying documents related to its audits of Enron Corp. On
Capitol Hill, some congressional panels push on with biased hearings on Enron's
collapse and, now, another busted New Economy star, telecom's Global Crossing.
Lawmakers sign on to new bills aimed at tightening oversight of everything from
pensions and accounting to executive pay. To any spectators, it
would be easy to conclude that the winds of change are sweeping Corporate
America, led by George W. Bush, who ran as "a reformer with result." But far
from deconstructing the corporate world brick by brick into something cleaner,
sparer, and stronger, Bush aides and many legislators are preparing modest
legislative and administrative reforms. Instead of an overhaul, Bush's team is
counting on its enforcers, Justice and a newly empowered Securities &
Exchange Commission, to make examples of the most egregious offenders. The idea
is that business will quickly get the message and clean up its own
act. Why won't the {{U}}outraged rhetoric{{/U}} result in more
changes? For starters, the Bush Administration warns that any rush to legislate
corporate behavior could produce a raft of flawed hills that raise costs without
halting abuses. Business has striven to drive the point home with an intense
lobbying blitz that has convinced many lawmakers that over-regulation could
startle the stock market and perhaps endanger the nascent economic
recovery. All this sets the stage for Washington to get busy
with predictably modest results. A surge of caution is sweeping would-be
reformers on the Hill. "They know they don't want to make a big mistake," says
Jerry J. Jasinowski, president of the National Association of Manufacturers.
That go-slow approach suits the White House. Aides say the President, while
personally disgusted by Enron's sellout of its pensioners, is reluctant to
embrace new sanctions that frustrate even law-abiding corporations and create a
litigation bonanza for trial lawyers. Instead, the White House will push for
narrowly targeted action, most of it carried out by the SEC, the Treasury Dept.,
and the Labor Dept. The right outcome, Treasury Secretary Paul H.O'Neill said on
Mar. 15, "depends on the Congress not legislating things that are over the
top." To O'Neill and Bush, that means enforcing current laws
before passing too many new ones. Nowhere is that stance clearer than in the
Andersen indictment. So the Bush Administration left the decision to Justice
DePt. prosecutors rather than White House political operatives or their
reformist fellows at the SEC.
单选题Surrendering to the fact that life isn't fair will ______.
单选题A hush fell over the guests who had ______ for the wedding celebration.
单选题They hoped to be able to move into the new building at the end of the month, but things did not ______ as they had expected.
单选题Montaigne's hold on his readers arises from many causes. There is his frank and curious self-delineation. That interests, because it is the revelation of a very peculiar nature. Then there is the positive value of separate thoughts imbedded in his strange whimsicality and humor. Lastly, there is the perennial charm of style, which is never a separate quality, but rather the amalgam and issue of all the mental and moral qualities in a man's possession, and which bears the same relation to these that light bears to the mingled elements that make up the orb of the sun. And style, after all, rather than thought, is the immortal thing in literature. In literature, the charm of style is indefinable, yet all-subduing, just as fine manners are in social life. In reality, it is not of so much consequence what you say, as how you say it. Memorable sentences are memorable on account of some irradiating word. "But Shadwell never deviates into sense, for instance." Young Roscius, in his provincial barn, will repeat you the great soliloquy of Hamlet, and although every word may be given with tolerable correctness, you find it just as commonplace as himself. The great actor speaks it, and you "read Shakespeare as by a flash of lightning". And it is in Montaigne's style, in the strange freaks and turnings of his thought, his constant surprises, his curious alternations of humor and melancholy, his careless, familiar form of address, and the grace with which everything is done, that his charm lies, and which makes the hundredth perusal of him as pleasant as the first.
单选题Metonymy involves using the familiar to stand for the unfamiliar.（对外经贸2005研)
单选题
单选题Carmakers challenged the law, in part______C02, was not an air pollutant.
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Children live in a world in which
science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them
more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on
science--for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway
safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth. As taxpayers they will
pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they will be
bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on
science. Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens
of the future, become functionally acquainted with science--with the process and
spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fortunately,
science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many
things that they encounter--flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows.
Besides; science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than
content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse
ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact,
there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether
it is geography, history, language arts, music, or art! Above
all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a "scientific
attitude". Those who possess it seek answers through observing, experimenting,
and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They
weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting
the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are
on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children
should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be
expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information.
Continual practice, through guided participation, is
needed.
单选题Toward evening, ______ came, which made things even worse. A) cold rain B) the cold rain C) a cold rain D) cold rains
单选题
单选题A: How annoying! I can't figure out a solution to this problem. Can you help me? B: ______
单选题For a person with reading habits，a printed page contains not only words ______ ideas， thoughts and feelings．A．yetB．andC．orD．but
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
Influenza should not be dismissed as a
trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to
the economy, hits hardest the young and the elderly, and is most dangerous for
people over the age of 65. Influenza is mainly a seasonal illness of the
winter months, though in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and the Pacific
it can occur all the year round. The damaging effects of
influenza can be prevented by immunization, but constant changes of antigenic
specificity of the virus necessitate a different composition of the vaccine (疫苗)
from one year to another. The network of WHO surveillance activities to monitor
the evaluation of influenza virus strains, and WHO hold an annual consultation
at the end of February to recommend the composition of the vaccine for the
forthcoming epidemiological season. These recommendations are published
immediately in the weekly epidemiological record. Vaccination
each year against influenza is recommended for certain high-risk populations. In
closed or semi-closed settings, maximum-benefit from immunization is likely to
be achieved when more than three-quarters of the population are vaccinated so
that the benefit of "herd immunity" can be exploited. Special care should be
taken of the following groups: —adults and children with chronic
disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems requiring regular medical
follow-up or who had been hospitalized during the previous year, including
children with asthma; —residents of nursing homes and other
establishments for patients of any age with chronic medical
conditions; —all people over the age of 65.
Physicians, nurses, and other personel in primary and intensive care
units, who are potentially capable of transmitting influenza to high risk
persons, should be immunized; visiting nurses and volunteer workers providing
home care to high-risk persons should also be
included.
单选题— What would you like, sir? —______, please.A. Two cups of teasB. Two teasC. Two cup of teaD. Two cups tea
单选题Price ______ is at the top of the factors contributing to the rise of construction cost in the area after the earthquake. A. flaw B. fraud C. flake D. fore
单选题From this passage, why is it a good idea for children to learn how to use the telephone?
单选题I would rather ______ write you.
单选题Last week he promised______today, but he hasn't arrived yet.
单选题People planning to travel by car to North Dakota in the winter are advised to______their cars with snowtires.(厦门大学2012年试题)
单选题This book comes as a ______ to him who learns a lot from it.
单选题What is the author's attitude towards anticipating in listening comprehension?
单选题He feels uneasy when his feelings and beliefs toward the group are inconsistent, and he tries to bring them into______.
单选题Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely breathe, ______ move about freely. A. as well as B. disregard for C. let alone D. not mentioning
单选题
单选题{{B}}Passage 4{{/B}}
The fear of Americanization of the
planet is more ideological paranoia (多疑) than reality. There is no doubt that,
with globalization, English has become the general language of our time, as was
Latin in the Middle Ages. And it will continue its ascent, since it is an
indispensable instrument for international transactions and communication. But
does this mean that English necessarily develops at the expense of the other
great languages? Absolutely not. In fact, the opposite is true. The vanishing of
borders and an increasingly inter-dependent world have created incentives for
new generations to learn and assimilate other cultures, not merely as a hobby,
but also out of necessity, because the ability to speak several languages and
navigate comfortably in different cultures has become crucial for professional
success. Consider the case of Spanish. Half a century ago,
Spanish speakers were an inward- looking community; we projected ourselves in
only very limited ways beyond our traditional linguistic confines. Today,
Spanish is dynamic and thriving, gaining beachheads or even vast landholdings on
all five continents. That there are between 25 and 30 million Spanish speakers
in the United States today explains why the two recent US presidential
candidates-the Texas governor George W. Bush and the vice-president A1
Gore--campaigned not only in English, but also in Spanish. How
many millions of young men and women around the globe have responded to the
challenges of globalization by learning Japanese, German, Mandarin, Cantonese,
Russian or French? Fortunately, this tendency will only increase in the coming
years. That is why the best defence of our own cultures and languages is to
promote them vigorously throughout this new world, not to persist in the naive
pretense of vaccinating them against the menace of English. Those who propose
such remedies speak much about culture, but they tend to be ignorant people who
mask their true vocation: nationalism. And if there is anything at odds with the
universalist propensities of culture, it is the exclusionary vision that
nationalist perspectives try to impose on cultural life. The most admirable
lesson that cultures teach us is that they need not be protected by bureaucrats
or commissars, or com fined behind iron bars, or isolated by customs services,
in order to remain alive and exuberant; to the contrary, such efforts would only
wither or even trivialize culture. Cultures must live freely, constantly
jousting with different cultures. This renovates and renews them, allowing them
to evolve and adapt to the continuous flow of life. In antiquity, Latin did not
kill Greek; to the contrary, the artistic originality and intellectual depth of
Hellenic culture permeated Roman civilization and, through it, the poems of
Homer and the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle reached the entire world.
Globalization will not make lo- cal cultures disappear; in a framework of
worldwide openness, all that is valuable and worthy of survival in local
cultures will find fertile ground in which to
bloom.
单选题
单选题
单选题
单选题Since you intend to sell your house, how will you______of all the furniture?
单选题The taxi driver was accused______- overcharging customers.
单选题No one had told Smith about ______ a lecture the following day. A. there being B. there would be C. there be D. there was
单选题After several years of isolation on the deserted island, he began to ______ of ever getting back home.
单选题How I wish I______to repair the watch I I only made it worse.
单选题Marriage guidance counsellors never stop hearing it. "He (or she) never listens," warring couples complain, again and again, as if they were chanting a mantra(吟颂祷文) . And it is the same at work. Bosses say it of executives they are displeased with, and the executives return the compliment with interest when complaining about their bosses. Customers say it about suppliers who have cocked up, and suppliers—having patiently explained why on this occasion they cannot provide exactly what is wanted—say the same about their customers. Like married couples, we all shout the accusation at others, pretending that we ourselves are faultless. Yet in our hearts we know many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened sufficiently carefully. We get things wrong because we haven't quite understood what was wanted, or haven't sussed out(推断出) the implications of what we were told. Anyone who has ever written the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember—even with the benefit of notes—exactly what everyone said and, more importantly, exactly what everyone meant. But success depends on getting things right and that means listening; listening, listening, listening. Hearing is not listening. Listening is not a passive activity. It is hard work. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean probing the speaker for additional information. If you allow your mind to wander, even for a few minutes, you'll naturally miss what the speaker is saying—probably at the very moment when the speaker is saying something crucial. But not having heard, you won't know you've missed. Until too late. The most common bad habit we all have is to start thinking of what we are going to say long before the other speaker has finished. Then we stop listening. Worse still, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have determined what you intend to say there is a fair chance you will rudely butt in on the other person to say it. The American wit Letitia Baldridge quipped: "Good listeners don't interrupt ever—unless the building's on fire." It's a good rule of thumb. One of the key ways to improve your listening ability is by learning to keep a wary eye on the speakers' body language. The ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Being a good listener involves being a good watcher: eyes and ears must go hand in hand. For example, people who cover up their mouths with their hands while they are speaking are usually betraying insecurity, and may well be lying. When people rub their noses, it generally indicates they are puzzled; when they shrug their shoulders they are indifferent; when they hug themselves they are feeling threatened. If they are smiling as they speak they want you to feel the message is friendly, even if its content sounds hostile. On the other hand, if they are clenching their fists and drumming their fingers they may be restraining their anger, and may be much more furious than their words suggest. The American psychologist Robert C. Beck, who has specialized in research into how people can teach themselves to be better listeners, offers the following half-dozen rules for self-improvement. Be patient—accept that many people are not very good communicators, encourage them to make things crystal clear, and don't interrupt impatiently or jump to conclusions. Be empathetic—put yourself in the other person's shoes, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you understand what they are getting at. Don't be too clever—faced with a know-all, many people become silent, either because they don't want to look foolish .or because they see no point in bothering to continue. Use self-disclosure—admitting to your own problems and difficulties, and to your own mistakes, will encourage people to speak openly and honestly about theirs. Ask for explanations—get people to explain points or words you have not fully understood; it is always better to ask than to press on regardless—and then get things wrong. Ask "opening up" questions—these are gentle, unthreatening and open-ended; they cannot be answered with a mere "yes" or "no" and should provide no clues as to the answer the questioner might want to hear. Finally, it is almost always worth summing up the gist of what you have just been told, as quickly and briefly as you can, before the discussion ends. Nobody is ever offended by having what they have just said repeated to them. It ensures you have listened accurately and grasped the correct messages. If things go pear-shaped thereafter, at least the pears can't be dumped on your doorstep.
单选题As a child I used to wash my parents' car to earn some________money.
单选题According to the passage, the development of industry and agriculture seems ______.
单选题It's an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that (21) evening you're burning the mid-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, (22) are throwing the books at kids. (23) elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue. What's a well-meaning parent to do? As hard as (24) may be, sit back and chill experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it, (25) helping too much, or even examining answers too carefully, you may keep them (26) doing it by themselves. "! wouldn't advise a parent to check every (27) assignment," says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework, "There's a (28) of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children (29) the grade they deserve." Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their (30) . But "you don't want them to feel it has to be (31) ," she says. That's not to say parents should (32) homework—first, they should monitor how much homework their kids have. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in (33) four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be" (34) more than a hour and a half," and two for high school students. If your child consistently has more homework than this, you may want to check (35) other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing assignments.
单选题If the whole surgery______ beforehand carefully, there would have been a better result.
单选题The ______ driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.A. commonB. usualC. averageD. general
单选题There are ______ as many houses in this area as there used to be. A．two B．twice C．second D．secondly
单选题He didn't notice me in the crowd, but he spotted my sister who was ______ because other red hair.(2004年上海理工大学考博试题)
单选题It's hard to be ______ to someone you don't like at all. Which of the following is not suitable?A. niceB. pleasantC. kindD. good
单选题[此试题无题干]
单选题Two years had passed and I found she had ______.
单选题{{B}}B{{/B}}
Crocodiles only live where it is hot.
They are found in India, Australia, Africa and America. The crocodile is an
egg-producing animal. They spend most of their time lying around in the mud or
the rivers. The female crocodiles bury their eggs under the mud. The crocodile's
long powerful tail is used when the animal is swimming. It is also an excellent
weapon, because it can be swung with great speed and force. One blow will knock
down a man or even a big animal at once. The crocodile is very well protected
against its enemies by the hard bony plates that cover most of its body, but
because of the way its neck is formed, it can not turn its head from side to
side and so it can only see in front of itself. The crocodile has its teeth
cleaned by another crocodile, which can't clean its own teeth for it can't move
its tongue up and down. With its rows of terrible points of teeth it seizes its
food, which may be a fish, an animal or even a careless man, and then holds it
below the water until it drown. The long-nosed crocodile is shy
and timid and because of this, the people of West Africa sometimes catch it for
food. Many, many centuries ago, there were crocodiles in
England. We know this because we have found their bones buried far down in the
earth on which London is built. But the Britain of today is too cold for them to
live in.
单选题The firefighter was {{U}}commended{{/U}} for his bravery in the big fire.
单选题"How long has this shoes shop been in business?"" ______1996."A. After B. On C. From D. Since
单选题Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human language. But is it possible that other animals have the【C21】______to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascinating notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children's fantasies. But【C22】______a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily, because it【C23】______to the controversy between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is【C24】______on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition【C25】______only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, 【C26】______most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. 【C27】______the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp's intellectual capacity and brain structure are more【C28】______to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evident that language is developed entirely through learning. On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascinating 【C29】______its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, 【C30】______one's position on the theoretical dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.
单选题Neither of the two parties ______ able to solve the problems of the poor. A. are B. is C. have been D. will have been
单选题He leaned out of an upstairs window and felt a current of warm air______from the street.(2013年3月中国科学院考博试题)
单选题Did you suspect that the entire episode was an elaborate deception?
单选题Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England. "One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them." Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
单选题It"s the part of the job that stock analyst Hiroshi Naya dislikes the most: phoning investor managers on a Saturday or Sunday when he"s working on a report and facing a deadline.
In Japan, placing a work call to someone on the weekend "feels like entering someone"s house with your shoes on, " says Naya, chief analyst at Ichiyoshi Research Institute in Tokyo. So last year, Naya started asking his questions via messages on Facebook. While a telephone call seems intrusive, he says, a Facebook message "feels more relaxed. "
Many Japanese have become fans of Mark Zuckerberg"s company in the past year. It"s taken a while: Even as Facebook took off in India, Indonesia, and other parts of Asia, it"s been a
laggard
in Japan since its local-language version debuted in 2008.
The site faced cultural obstacles in a country where people historically haven"t been comfortable sharing personal information, or even their names, on the Internet.
Homegrown rivals such as community website operator Mixi and online game portals such as DeNA allow their users to adopt
pseudonyms
.
The Japanese are overcoming their shyness, though. In February, Facebook had 13.5 million unique users, up from 6 million a year earlier. That puts Facebook in the No. 1 position in Japan for the first time, ahead of Twitter and onetime leader Mixi. "Facebook didn"t have a lot of
traction
in Japan for the longest time, " says Arvind Rajan, Asia-Pacific managing director for Linkedln, which entered the Japanese market last October and hopes to
emulate
Face book"s recent success. " They really did turn the corner, " he says. Rajan attributes the change in attitude to the March 11, 2011, earthquake and
tsunami
. During the crisis and its aftermath, sites such as Facebook helped parents and children locate each other and allowed people post and find reliable information. " The real-name case has been answered, " says Rajan. "People are getting it now. "
Japanese see Facebook as a powerful business tool. The real-name policy makes the site a good place to cultivate relationships with would-be partners. As more companies such as retailers Uniqlo and Muji turn to Facebook to reach Japanese consumers, the Silicon Valley company is benefiting from a
viruous
cycle, says Koki Shiraishi, an analyst in Tokyo with Daiwa Securities Capital Markets. "
It"s a chicken-and-egg thing
: If everyone starts using it, then more people start using it. "
As a result of Facebook"s rise, investors have
soured
on some of its rivals : DeNA"s stock price has dropped 24 percent in the past year, and Mixi"s has fallen 38 percent. Growth at Twitter—which also entered Japan in 2008—has
stagnated
, and the San Francisco company has partnered with Mixi to do joint marketing. Twitter Japan country manager James Kondo says there"s no reason to worry. Japan"s social networking scene "is a developing thing, " he says. "We"re not in a flat market where everyone is competing for a share of a fixed pie. "
单选题Mr. Green said his clients______our goods samples by the end of last month.
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单选题He is willing to go with me, but I'd rather he ______ at home.
单选题A few years later, I found my hometown completely ______.
单选题Mr.Verder never thought that he would become a member of the board of directors because of his ______ origin. A. humble B. previous C. critical D. false
单选题From Paragraph 5 the author emphasizes ______.
单选题What was the first reaction of the British public towards Father's Day?
单选题The foreign minister would reveal nothing about his recent tour of the Middle East {{U}}beyond{{/U}} what had already been announced at the press conference.
单选题(2003)Some people want to go hunting_____others want to go fishing.
单选题The Uplainer/U a bowerbird's plumage, the more brightly it decorates its nest to attract a mate.
单选题It is said that science has become too complex to acknowledge the existence of uni versal truths. A. address B. declare C. affirm D. Perceive
单选题In our apartment there are three rooms, ______ is used as a living-room. A. the largest of them B. the largest of what C. the largest of which D. the largest of that
单选题The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Congressman Hastings has proposed that Congress should abolish the Electoral College system for electing the president and replace it with a system of direct popular election. The Electoral College system is flawed, he argues, because it runs directly counter to the democratic principle that every citizen's vote should count equally. Because of the winner-take-all system in which the candidate who receives the most popular votes in a state receives all of that state's electoral votes, the citizens who voted for the losing candidate are effectively disenfranchised from the national election, even if their candidate lost the state by only a handful of votes. Moreover, because each state's number of electors is the same as its number of members of Congress, the citizens of small states get a disproportionately larger vote than citizens of more populous states. In the 1988 election, for example, the combined voting-age population of the six least populous states--Alaska, Delaware, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming--was 3,119,000. These six states held 21 electoral votes among them. Florida, with a voting-age population of 9,614,000, also had 21 electoral votes. Because of inequities of this nature, there have been four presidential elections in which the candidate who won the Electoral College actually lost the popular vote: 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000. Congressman Markham has argued that Hastings's proposed changes are unnecessary and even dangerous. First of all, he argues, the Electoral College system, whatever its flaws, has resulted in a stable democratic government for more than 200 years, which shows that it is doing something right. Second, the winner-take-all system helps create decisive majorities in the Electoral College, thereby reducing the problem of disputed elections that we might see in the event of direct popular elections. Third, the current system of allocating electors helps protect the interests of small states, which would be largely neglected in favor of large states if the Electoral College were based entirely on population. Protecting these states' rights is essential to upholding the principle of federalism (in which the states and the federal government maintain distinct powers). When the Electoral College system was first formalized by the Twelfth Amendment in 1804, a direct popular vote would have been impossible to implement, and the Electoral College was probably the best way to approximate the will of the people. Advances in technology and communication, however, now mean that a direct popular vote would be as simple, if not simpler, to administer than the current Electoral College system. Alternative ways to reform the system would be to do away with the winner-take-all system of state electors, to base the numbers of electors strictly on state populations, or to have a direct popular election but to weight the votes from different states differently in order to preserve the influence of small states.
单选题A: Have you invited Susan to the party?B: ______. A. Yes, because I know she wants to stay at home. B. Not yet, because I know she prefers to stay at home. C. No, because I know she likes to join us. D. Yes, because I've to think about it carefully.
单选题Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere--for example, in the relative proportions of atmosphere gases--the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the hem-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the mount of solar energy reaching the Earth' surface. The level of carbon dioxide, CO2 in the atmosphere has important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earth's incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as a long-wavelength radiation, Which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by the Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430℃. If the CO2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3℃. If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2, would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2. Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increase and decrease of a set magnitude. Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature rise of at least 1℃. But a supposed global temperature rise of 1℃ may in reality be only several regional temperature increase, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations.
单选题lt's time we ______ away with our shabby shelf.
单选题(The taxi driver) (told the man) (don"t allow) his son (to hang out) the window.
单选题I'm wondering ______ he expects will win the gold medal in Men's Single. A. whom B. which C. who D. what
单选题A man is being questioned in relation to the ______ murder last night.A. advisedB. attendedC. attemptedD. admitted
单选题
单选题The each revolves both round the sun and on its own axis.
单选题
单选题Questions 27—30 are based on a report about generation gap. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 27—30.
单选题Yasuhisa Shizoki, a 51-year-old MP from Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), starts tapping his finger on the dismal economic chart on his coffee table. "Unless we change the decision-making process," he says bluntly, "we are not going to be able to solve this kind of problem." With the economy in such a mess, it may seem a bit of a diversion to be trying to sort out Japan's political structures as well as its economic problems. But Mr Shiozaki can hardly be accused of time-wasting. He has consistently prodded the government to take a firm hand to ailing banks, and has given warning against complacency after a recent rise in share prices. Far from being a distraction, his latest cause highlights how far Japan is from genuine economic reform. Since cowriting a report on political reform, which was released by an LDP panel last week, Mr Shiozaki has further upset the party's old guard. Its legionaries, flanked by columns of the bureaucracy, continue to hamper most attempts to overhaul the economy. Junichiro Koizumi was supposed to change all that, by going over their heads and appealing directly to the public. Yet nearly a year after becoming prime minister, Mr Koizumi has precious little to show for his efforts. His popularity is now flagging and his determination is increasingly in doubt. As hopes of immediate economic reform fade, optimists are focusing on another potential benefit of Mr Koizumi's tenure. They hope that his highly personalized style of leadership will pave the way for a permanent change in Japanese politics: towards more united and authoritative cabinets that are held directly accountable for their policies. As that happens, the thinking goes, real economic reforms will be able to follow. A leading candidate for change is the 40 year-old system--informal but religiously followed--through which the LDP machinery vets every bill before it ever gets to parliament. Most legislation starts in the LDP's party committees, which mirror the parliamentary committee structure. Proposals then go through two higher LDP bodies, which hammer out political deals to smooth their passage. Only then does the prime minister's cabinet get fully involved in approving the policy. Most issues have been decided by the LDP mandarins long before they reach this point, let alone the floor of parliament, leaving even the prime minister limited influence, and allowing precious little room for public debate and even less for accountability. As a result, progress will probably remain slow. Since they know that political reform leads to economic reform, and hence poses a threat to their interests, most of the LDP will resist any real changes. But at least a handful of insiders have now bought into one of Mr Koizumi's best slogans: "Change the LDP, change Japan./
单选题Smoking makes one six times more likely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly
assaults
the tissues that line the mouth and throat.
单选题Inside, antiques, family paintings and period furniture enhance the elegance and character inherent in this finely______manor house.
单选题We must teach children how to ______ right from wrong.
单选题The word "profligacy" ( line 1, par
单选题In Craig Howley's opinion, prospective teachers should
单选题In my opinion Elizabeth and Henry are not ______ friends as lovers.
单选题It's believed that a man is innocent until______guilty.
单选题 ◇ Any need for the somewhere? Share
Flats Happy Valley big flat, 1 room ready for use
immediately. Quiet and convenient, fully furnished, park
view. MYM 6,800 including bills with maid.
Female nonsmoker. No pet. Sara: 25720836 or
10077809. Moving Sale 2 armchairs, red/brown
at MYM 400 each; coffee table, black, wood, MYM 800;
oil painting, big, MYM 900; Tianjin carpet, green 3 x 7,
MYM 600; double bed, MYM 500; mirror, big,
square, MYM 500; fridge, big, double-door, MYM 1000;
old pictures, MYM 140, up, each; plants, big and
small. Tel: Weekend, 2521-6011/Weekday, 2524-5867.
◇ Part-time Laboratory Assistant Wanted Required by busy
electronics company to help with development of computer.
Should have an electronics degree and some practical experience of working in an
electronics laboratory. Hours 9:30 a. m. --1:00 p. m. Mon.
--Fri. Fourteen days paid leave. Salary ￥6598--10230 dependent
on experience. Letter of application to: Mrs. G. Chart, NOVA
ELECTRONICS, 45 Gordon Rd. , Hung Horn Kowloon.
◇ Our present Principal/Chief Executive has reached retirement age and
the governing board wants to make the crucial appointment of his replacement in
1994. If you are a highly qualified and experienced individual and you think you
have the vision, energy and enthusiasm to lead the college into the next
century, please write for further information and post particulars to
xxxxx.
单选题
单选题It's all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that (56) evening you're burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, (57) are throwing the books at kids. (58) elementary school students are complaining of homework (59) . What's a well-meaning parent to do? As hard as (60) may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it, (61) helping too much, or even examining (62) too carefully, you may keep them (63) doing it by themselves. "I wouldn't advise a parent to check every (64) assignment," says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. "There's a (65) of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children (66) the grade they deserve. " Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their (67) . But "you don't want them to feel it has to be (68) ," she says. That's not to say parents should (69) homework first, they should monitor how much homework their kids (70) . Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in (71) four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be " (72) more than an hour and a half," and two for high school students. If your child (73) has more homework than this, you may want to check (74) other parents and then talk to the teacher about (75) assignments.
单选题A: Would you mind checking my spelling and punctuation in this literature here, please?
B: ______
单选题Guest. I've booked a double room for 3 nights under Fowler.
Receptionist : ______
A. Good afternoon, how can I help you?
B. Are you taken care of, sir?
C. Can you spell it for me?
D. May I have your name?
单选题How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other, and later they agreed on certain signs. These signs were called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, are called words. The power of words, then, exists in their associations—the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience, and the longer we live, the more certain words remind us of the glad and sad events of our past, and the more we read and learn, the more number of words increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which deeply attract our minds and emotions. This skillful use of words is called "literary style". Above all, a real poet can express his meaning in words which sing like music and can move men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them properly, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.
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单选题He had more dictionaries than ______ for his work. A. they are needed B. it was needed C. were necessary D. necessary were they
单选题Beijing is becoming ______ and ______. A) beautiful, beautiful B) more, more beautiful C) more beautiful, more beautiful D) more beautiful, more
单选题A. gravityB. valuableC. dangerousD. companion
单选题
A. {{U}}o{{/U}}fficial
B. {{U}}o{{/U}}bserve
C. {{U}}o{{/U}}bey
D. {{U}}o{{/U}}bviously
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单选题Historically, the spread, prevalence, and very existence of contagious disease have wholly depended on the growth and concentration of human populations.【R1】______And though the last century has witnessed substantial worldwide success in combating many past scourges—such as polio and smallpox—infectious diseases still claim more lives than any other group of diseases. The prevailing demographic trends continue to create a crowded human " medium" that both invites and is vulnerable to infection. The share of humanity living in cities with more than 1 million people has surged from less than 5 percent in 1900 to nearly 40 percent today, creating the ideal setting for the resurgence of old infectious diseases as well as the development of new ones.【R2】______ Overcrowding—the increased proximity of susceptible individuals—is a principal risk factor for the incidence and spread of all major infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, dengue fever, malaria, and acute respiratory illnesses, which are unable to spread and survive in low population densities.【R3】______ Aside from sheer growth and increasing density, the urbanization under way in developing nations is often accompanied by deteriorating health indicators and increased exposure to disease risk factors. Access to clean water, good hygiene, and adequate housing are sorely lacking in developing nations. As a result, waterborne infections such as cholera and other diarrheal diseases account for 90 percent of all infectious diseases in developing countries—and 40 percent of all deaths in some nations.【R4】______ In both industrial and developing nations, incidences of a wide range of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases, and HIV/AIDS, are considerably higher in urban slums— where poverty and compromised health define the way of life—than in the rest of the city.【R5】______A. Key disease carriers, such as insects and rats, thrive in crowded urban settings, further facilitating spread.B. The unprecedented population densities in fourteenth-century Europe, for example, led to the plague outbreak that claimed the lives of one fourth of the population.C. Although these infections are easily preventable if adequate water and sanitation are available, the vast majority of the world's population is lifelong victims.D. While new global markets have created unprecedented economic opportunities and growth, the health risks of our increasingly interconnected and fast-paced world continue to grow.E. Pathogens can more readily establish in large populations, since all infectious diseases require a critical number of vulnerable individuals in order to take root and spread.F. These areas can serve as a perpetual reservoir of disease or disease vectors, placing other parts of the city at risk of an outbreak and allowing the disease to continue evolving, often into a deadlier strain.
单选题Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles. We're told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. We see ourselves as a nation of extroverts — which means that we've lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introverts — in the other words, one out of every two or three people you know. If you're not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one. If these statistics surprise you, that's probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America. Some fool even themselves, until some life event — a layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like — jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts. It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal — the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha, and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual — the kind who's comfortable "putting himself out there. " Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so. Introversion — along with its cousins' sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness — is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a man's world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we've turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform. The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatized — one informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture. But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions — from the theory of evolution to van Gogh's sunflowers to the personal computer — came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.
单选题We regret ______ you that the goods you ordered are out of stock.
单选题In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprises the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words
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which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we
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, that is to say, from the
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of our own family and from our familiar associates, and
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we should know and use
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we could not read or write. They
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the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who
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the language. Such words may be called "popular", since they belong to the people
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and are not the exclusive
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of a limited class.
On the other hand, our language
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a multitude of words which are comparatively
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used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little
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to use them at home or in the market-place. Our
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acquaintance with them comes not from our mother"s
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or from the talk of our school-mates,
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from books that we read, lectures that we
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, or the more
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conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular
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in style appropriately elevated above the habitual
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of everyday life. Such words are called "learned", and the
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between them and the "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.
单选题Many college graduates choose to work in ______ area to change the backward condition there.
单选题It was not until he came back ______ he knew the police were looking for him．A．whichB．sinceC．thatD．before
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单选题3 Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that" among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live with- out eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets? For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has sub- sisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-colored and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the crea- tures are cucumber-shaped--hence their name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with their flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents. Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate--feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched: it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or the water becomes too polluted.