单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. There are many features that {{U}}(1) {{/U}} a movie as American, but perhaps the most {{U}}(2) {{/U}} is the theme of the loner-hero (孤胆英雄). In the western movie, which comes out of many {{U}}(3) {{/U}} of the American West, a typical figure is the lonesome cowboy. He wanders into a town and {{U}}(4) {{/U}} out its troubles. Then the strong and independent hero rides off into the sunset {{U}}(5) {{/U}}. Americans like this {{U}}(6) {{/U}} in their films because they are {{U}}(7) {{/U}} independent, and individualism {{U}}(8) {{/U}} a great deal with them. An individual, who is able to {{U}}(9) {{/U}} the evils of the world, or of a small town, is someone to admire. Even the gangster movie, a very popular {{U}}(10) {{/U}} of the typical American film, usually has a hero. {{U}}(11) {{/U}} he is a lawman out to catch the criminals or a gangster who suddenly sees the light and tries to go {{U}}(12) {{/U}} During the violence-ridden period of Prohibition in the 1920s, the gangster movie {{U}}(13) {{/U}} in popularity. These films kept the same. {{U}}(14) {{/U}} as the western--the bad cannot triumph. One good person can save the innocent. Recent science fiction films deal {{U}}(15) {{/U}} the same theme. Against the forces of the alien powers, people will fight to protect their ideals. Here, too, the action {{U}}(16) {{/U}} around a single individual, {{U}}(17) {{/U}} now he or she must save the world. The hero battles the unknown, trusting in inner capabilities and in the power of good {{U}}(18) {{/U}} evil. Fearless, the hero of a typical American movie does not {{U}}(19) {{/U}} to jump into the action. This dominant theme of the American movie is familiar {{U}}(20) {{/U}} people around the world.

单选题Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers. "Hope is an important part of happiness," said Peter A. Ubel M. D., director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there"s a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness." The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortened. Ubel and his co-authors—both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University—studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body. At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group, the one without hope, reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies. "We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine. "The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed," he added. "They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn"t make the best of their current situation." "Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient"s emotional adaptation," Ubel says. "I don"t think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people"s hope so much that they put off living their lives."

单选题You are allowed to have just half an hour, after ______ you are supposed to submit your exam paper.

单选题It's a terrible thing, living with the knowledge( )the doctors are not able to save his life.

单选题The 18th-century statesman, Edmund Burke, once said "All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing description of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are puzzled that anyone would deliberately harm an animal in medical researchers. For example, a grandmotherly woman advocating animal rights at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations (免疫注射), she wanted to know if vaccines (疫苗) come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes. "Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientist must communicate their message to the public in a sympathetic, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet' s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could adopt middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers (余火) of medical progress.

单选题The mystery guest on the show is ______ other than the President. A. no B. none C. not D. nothing

单选题People, like most animals, are naturally lazy. So the ascent of mankind is something of a mystery. Humans who make their livings hunting and gathering in the traditional way do not have to put much effort into it. Farmers who rely on rain to water their crops work significantly harder, and lead unhealthier lives. But the real back-breaking is that carried out by farmers who use irrigation. Yet it was the invention of irrigation, at first sight so harmful to its practitioners that actually produced a sufficient surplus to feed the priests, scholars, artists and so on whose activities are collectively thought of as "civilization". In the past 10,000 years, the world's climate has become temporarily colder and drier on several occasions. The first of these, known as the Younger Dryas, after a tundra-loving plant that thrived during it, occurred at the same time as the beginning of agriculture in northern Mesopotamia. It is widely believed that this was not a coincidence. The drying and cooling of the Younger Dryas adversely affected the food supply of hunter-gatherers. That would have created an incentive for agriculture to spread once some bright spark invented it. Why farmers then moved on to irrigation is, however, far from clear. But Harvey Weiss, of Yale University, thinks he knows. Dr. Weiss observes that the development of irrigation coincides with a second cool, dry period, some 8,200 years ago. His analysis of rainfall patterns in the area suggests that rainfall in agriculture's upper-Mesopotamian heartland would, at this time, have fallen below the level needed to sustain farming reliably. Farmers would thus have been forced out of the area in search of other opportunities. Once again, an innovative spark was required. But it clearly occurred to some of these displaced farmers that the slow-moving waters of the lower Tigris and Euphrates, near sea level, could be diverted using canals and used to water crops. And the rest, as the cliche has it, is history. So climate change helped to intensify agriculture, and thus start civilization. But an equally intriguing idea is that the spread of agriculture caused climate change. In this case, the presumed criminal is forest clearance. Most of the land cultivated by early farmers in the Middle East would have been forested. When the trees that grew there were cleared, the carbon they contained ended up in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Moreover, one form of farming—the cultivation of rice in waterlogged fields—generates methane, in large quantities. William Ruddiman, of the University of Virginia, explained that, in combination, these two phenomena had warmed the atmosphere prior to the start of the industrial era. As environmentalists are wont to observe, mankind is part of nature. These studies show just how intimate the relationship is.

单选题Although we hadn't met for 30 years, I recognized him the minute______I saw him.

单选题Right up until the 19th century, physicians and philosophers regarded sleep as a state of near ______ in which there was no mental activity, a kind of halfway stage between wakefulness and death.

单选题The room was full of people and smoke. She started to feel______ with the heat inside.(2003年清华大学考博试题)

单选题______ my surprise, I got a high grade in this test. A. For B. To C. To be D. On

单选题This is a very big hotel and it can______more than 1,000 people.

单选题Edgar Allan Poe is not only a poet, but also the founding father of ______in American literature.

单选题A stamp is just a piece with a picture and some words printed on one side and some glue on the other side. What makes one of these bits of paper worth any money at all? What makes a ten-fen stamp worth ten fen? When you buy a stamp, you also buy service from the post office. You get the letter sent by post. After the stamp has done its work, the post office says it is worthless. You must buy a new one for each letter you send. But people often pay money for stamps that have already been used. Stamp collectors have fun just trying to collect as many different kinds as possible. Certain kinds are hard to find. To get one of these uncommon stamps, some collectors are willing to pay a great deal of money. They think it is worth something, and that gives it value. If you collect stamps because they are especially beautiful or tell an interesting story or show all kinds of animals, then those are the ones that have value to you.

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} As America's prison population has exploded, hard-pressed officials have relied on private prisons to house about 5 percent of the nation's 1.7 million prisoners. But a number of recent incidents have strengthened accusations that for-profit prisons do not always measure up on security and reliability. A judge ordered a Youngstown, Ohio, prison for criminals from Washington, D. C. to remove violent prisoners after 13 stabbings(刺伤案), two of them fatal. Colorado closed a center for teen lawbreakers after a suicide and evidence that prisoners had been abused. Tennessee legislators have now put on hold a plan to privatize most of that state's prison system. Last week, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees issued a report charging that private prisons save taxpayers little money and are full of waste and deception (欺骗). The union accused some firms of persuading public officials for profitable contracts and then running substandard facilities. Nashville-based Corrections Corp of America, a privatization leader, insists it can cut costs and operate high-quality prisons. A spokeswoman blanked some problems at its Youngstown unit on errors by Washington, D.C. officials and said the new report reflects union fears of "change and a loss of power". A new test is shaping up in the capital: Congress has voted to put 2 000 more local prisoners in private prisons by mid-1999.

单选题Many experiments have shown that moderate exercises contribute______good health.