单选题There are various ways in which sex roles and sex-role stereotypes are taught. For example, many adults handle babies differently, depending on【36】they are boys or girls. That: is, they may treat boys more roughly and girls more gently. Adults【37】boys for being strong and girls for being pretty and quiet. They【38】independence in boys and dependence in girls. These are only a very few【39】of the ways in which our society determines sex roles. The point is that,【40】to what many people think, there can be greater differences【41】members of the same sex than there are between the sexes. Today, in our society, sex roles are【42】changing. At one time, sex roles and work were closely related. That is, sex determined the work done by each person. The woman's【43】was caring for the home. The man's was working in the outside world. Today, many women feel that【44】and motherhood are not the only ways in which they can meet their【45】for self-fulfillment. Today, many men wish to spend more time at home with their children. Individuals now have greater freedom in how they live their lives. Work and sex roles are becoming increasingly flexible.

单选题When I was walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner's name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph—a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old, who looked like the woman's daughter. I put the photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might want to write and thank me. That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a young woman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had not met before, but I couldn't remember where I had seen her. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to mention that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. All at once I realized where i had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describe her wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her from the photograph I had found in the wallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As the police sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet, but also the person who had lost it.

单选题Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of______at people.

单选题The school shooting triggered a barrage of transparently irrelevant proposed solutions, tossed out without regard to their relevance to the events that supposedly______the proposals. (2009年北京大学考博试题)

单选题Their business {{U}}flourished{{/U}} at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hard work.

单选题 In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance to become familiar with bodies of knowledge already discovered to those who wished it. To create and to impart, these were the distinctive features of American higher education prior to the most recent, disorderly decades of the twentieth century. The successful institution of higher learning had never been one whose mission could be defined in terms of providing vocational skills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems. In a subtle way Americans believed higher education to be useful, but not necessarily of immediate use. Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learning-public or private-commonly face the challenge of defining their programs in such a way as to contribute to the service of the community. This service role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobility, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social integration, or more generally to produce "productive" as compared to "educated" graduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community. One need only be reminded of the change in language describing the two-year college to appreciate the new value currently being attached to the concept of a service-related university. The traditional two-year college has shed its pejorative "junior" college label and is generally called a "community" college, a clearly value-laden expression representing the latest commitment in higher education. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required "union card" in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor's classroom duties. The idea of a college or university that performs a triple function-- communicating knowledge to students, expanding the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with society--has been the most important change in higher education in recent years. The novel development, however, is often overlooked. Educators have always been familiar with those parts of the two-year college curriculum that have a "service" or vocational orientation. It is important to know this. But some commentaries on American postsecondary education tend to underplay the impact of the attempt of colleges and universities to relate to, if not resolve, the problems of society. What's worse, they obscure a fundamental question posed by the service-university--what is higher education supposed to do?

单选题Two-thirds of young people go to bed with their phones nearby, for they're afraid they'll______ something important.

单选题The Bush administration is about to propose far-reaching new rules that would give people with disabilities greater access to tens of thousands of courtrooms, swimming pools, golf courses, stadiums, theaters, hotels and retail stores. The proposal would substantially update and rewrite federal standards for enforcement of the Americans With Disabilities Act, a landmark civil rights law passed with strong bipartisan support in 1990. The new rules would set more stringent requirements in many areas and address some issues for the first time, in an effort to meet the needs of an aging population and growing numbers of disabled war veterans. More than seven million businesses and all state and local government agencies would be affected. The proposal includes some exemptions for parts of existing buildings, but any new construction or renovations would have to comply. The new standards would affect everything from the location of light switches to the height of retail service counters, to the use of monkeys as "service animals" for people with disabilities, which would be forbidden'. The White House approved the proposal in May after a five-month review. It is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on Tuesday, with 60 days for public comment. After considering those comments, the government would issue final rules with the force of law. Already, the proposal is stirring concern. The United States Chamber of Commerce says it would be onerous and costly, while advocates for disabled Americans say it does not go far enough. Since the disability law was signed by the first President Bush, advances in technology have made services more available to people with disabilities. But Justice Department officials said they were still receiving large numbers of complaints. In recent months, the federal government has settled lawsuits securing more seats for disabled fans at Madison Square Garden in New York and at the nation's largest college football stadium, at the University of Michigan. The Justice Department acknowledged that some of the changes would have significant costs. But over all, it said, the value of the public benefits, estimated at $ 54 billion, exceeds the expected costs of $ 23 billion. In an economic analysis of the proposed rules, the Justice Department said the need for an accessible environment was greater than ever because the Iraq war was "creating a new generation of young men and women with disabilities". John L. Wodatch, chief of the disability rights section of the Justice Department, said："Disability is inherent in the human condition. The vast majority of individuals who are fortunate enough to reach an advanced age will benefit from the proposed requirements. /

单选题But for the heavy rain, they ______ earlier.

单选题The principle of the social character of the school as the basic factor in the moral education given may be also applied to the question of methods of instruction, not in their details, but in their general spirit. The emphasis then fells upon instruction and giving out, rather than upon absorption and mere learning. We fail to recognize how essentially individualistic the latter methods are, and how unconsciously, yet certainly and effectively, they react into the child's ways of judging and of acting. Imagine forty children all engaged in reading the same books, and in preparing and reciting the same lessons day after day. Suppose this process constitutes by far the larger part of their work, and that they are continually judged from the standpoint of what they are able to take in a study hour and reproduce in a recitation hour. There is next to no opportunity for any social division of labor. There is no opportunity for each child to work out something specifically his own, which he may contribute to the common stock, while he participates in the productions of others. All are set to do exactly the same work and turn out the same products. The social spirit is not cultivated, in fact, in so far as the purely individualistic method gets in its work, it atrophies for lack of use. The child is born with a natural desire to give out, to do, to serve. When this tendency is not used, when conditions are such that other motives are substituted, the accumulation of an influence working against the social spirit is much larger than we have any idea of, especially when the burden of work, week after week, and year after year, falls upon this side. But lack of cultivation of the social spirit is not all. Positively individualistic motives and standards are inculcated. Some stimulus must be found to keep the child at his studies. At the best this will be his affection for his teacher, together with a feeling that he is not violating school rules, and thus negatively, if not positively, is contributing to the good of the school. I have nothing to say against these motives so far as they go, but they are inadequate. The relation between the piece of work to be done and affection for a third person is external, not intrinsic It is therefore liable to break down whenever the external conditions are changed. Moreover, this attachment to a particular person may become so isolated and exclusive as to be selfish in quality. In any case, the child should gradually grow out of this relatively external motive into an appreciation, for its own sake, of the social value of what he has to do, because of its larger relations to life, not pinned down to two or three persons. But, unfortunately, the motive is not always at this relative best, but mixed with lower motives which are distinctly egoistic. Fear is a motive which is almost sure to enter in, not necessarily physical fear, or fear of punishment, but fear of losing the approbation of others; or fear of failure, so extreme as to be morbid and paralyzing. On the other side, emulation and rivalry enter in. Just because all are doing the same work, and are judged(either in recitation or examination with reference to grading and to promotion)not from the standpoint of their personal contribution, but from that of comparative success, the feeling of superiority over others is unduly appealed to, while timid children are depressed. Children are judged with reference to their capacity to realize the same external standard. The weaker gradually lose their sense of power, and accept a position of continuous and persistent inferiority. The effect upon both self-respect and respect for work need not be dwelt upon. The strong learn to glory, not in their strength, but in the fact that they are stronger.

单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} The crowd stirred and whispered in awe as, on the stage, the horse slowly tapped out the beat. Everyone became tense and quiet as the number of taps neared the correct answer to the horse trainer's question. After The final tap, the horse paused, seemed to look around and stopped. The crowd went wild ! The horse's name was Clever Hans, the Educated Horse, and was featured in a vaudeville(杂耍) act in the early 1900s, in Europe. When asked a complicated mathematical question by his owner, Clever Hans would tap out the correct answer with his hooves. For example, if the answer was sixty- eight, Hans would tap out six with his left hoof and eight with his right hoof. Even mere remarkable, the owner would leave the room after asking the question, so there could be no secret signal between owner and horse. A mere animal seemed to be accomplishing a highly technical skill of man's ! It wasn't until years later that the secret of the trick was revealed. The owner had trained Clever Hans to respond to slight signals. The horse became so sensitive that he learned when to stop from the crowd's reaction. Members of the audience would start involuntarily, or give some unconscious signal, when Hans reached the right answer. Modern scientists now warn against the Clever Hans syndrome (综合征), whereby researchers unconsciously give clues to their animal subjects about the actions they like to see performed!

单选题All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star. (1) the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower (2) status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the (3) that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had (4) . The gods seemed hopelessly violent and (5) , and one's life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that (6) were created to enable the gods to (7) up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to (8) the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city. (9) the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the (10) of the economic produce of the city were favored (11) their supernatural and material functions (12) . When, after 3000 B. C. , growing warfare among the cities made military leadership (13) , the head of the army who became king assumed a(n) (14) position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to (15) Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society. (16) them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who (17) every aspect of the city's economic life and who developed a rough judicial system. (18) the temple officials, society was divided among an elite or (19) group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who (20) the majority of the population; and slaves.

单选题The end of the bidding is called "knocking down" because ______. A. the auctioneer knocks the buyer down B. the auctioneer knocks the rostrum down C. the goods are knocked down on to the table D. the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer

单选题I reject any religious doctrine that does not ______ to reason and is in conflict with morality.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} When a student, I was a member of the collegiate basketball team. It was mainly composed of bookish students. Only one could be counted as natural athlete, another half-qualified. That's why we were defeated nine out of ten games. Our spirits, however, had never dampened, for we were a cheerful team. None would strive to get into the spotlight when we were gaining the upper hand; nor would we blame each other when we were losing. Thus a cordial relationship between members prevailed in our team. Most recommendable of all was our morale which never lowered. Our sportsmanship also remained good. We persisted in carrying on to the last when suffering great loss. We knew we had done our best, showing no regret at failure. To the rest of the students our team was a good one though it lost the game. They kept encouraging us and none of them was disappointed. Recently I have avoided watching games, not even at a TV live coverage, still less to the match in person. That's because I know I couldn't control myself. When watching a match, I'll inevitably take sides and be emotionally involved, strongly wishing for the triumph of the side over its opponent. As I often side with the "weaker" in a match, watching it will only spell worry and misery for me. Not long ago when I accompanied my wife to a super world tennis match my horizons broadened as regards sports competition. It seemed to me that wins and losses were relative and transient. What mattered was the ever-higher level achieved through contest. Victory was a result of all the efforts made by both sides. As one of the audience, I should applaud the energetic performance of both to the neglect of the result. Why should I regard the contest as a life-and-death struggle, the winner as survival and the loser as dead?

单选题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. Bingo draws a crowd: low beds, high loos and handrails assist the weak. Only the glint of razor wire outside shows this is not a social club. Detmold, near the German city of Hanover, is a pioneer of future prisons: {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}a pen for the young and hardy, they are now housing the old and {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}, too. In most rich countries, the {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}are the fastest growing category of prisoner. Definitions of old age in jail {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}, but the trend is clear. In the decade after 2000 the over-55s grew by 181% in America (the total prison population by 17%); the over-60s {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}by 128% in England and Wales; {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}in Australia the over-65s {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}by 140%. By 2030 perhaps a third of American prisoners will be over 55. The main cause is not crime rates {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}harsher sentences and less parole—plus an ageing {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Another, says Azrini Wahidin of Belfast University, is that better forensic science has fuelled a "phenomenal" clear-up rate of long-ago crimes. That catches now-elderly {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}} Locking up old people is {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}. In 2012 Human Rights Watch, a campaigning and research outfit, {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}that jails {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}up to nine times more on an ageing convict than on a typical prisoner. In Britain more than 80% of convicts over 60 have a chronic {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}or disability. {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}only Norwich prison has a 16-bed end-of-life unit, in operation since 2005. Britain's only elderly prison wing, complete with stairlifts, is at Kingston, near Portsmouth. Deafness, osteoporosis and dementia need nursing-home {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}—and a handful of jails are starting to {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}it. In December 2012 Rimutaka prison, New Zealand's biggest, opened the country's first unit for vulnerable inmates. Fishkill prison in New York {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}a dementia unit in 2007. Japan's Onomichi prison has {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}cells with rubber floors for the ill and ramps for the {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

单选题If you don"t slow down and take a break, you"ll be burned out very quickly.

单选题Retirees looking to stretch their pensions might consider spending their golden years in Ecuador, Panama or Mexico, ______ cost of living is low and the weather is warm, according to a new index. A. which B. when C. where D. whose