单选题It happened to be very cold ______ the morning of our sports meeting. A．at B．of C．on D．in

单选题Some people say that students' progress in school is ______ by environment.

单选题There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era. But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. "A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language," says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. "Unfortunately. It"s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged from eight to fifteen." One study showed that almost 90 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred. Contained violence. The investigators said "There are not just games anymore. These are leaning machines. "We"re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it"s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. They also said "The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts." In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are compelled. A description of the outcome of the game says: "Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them." Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players. Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?

单选题Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is 1 to learning and innovation. It is not uncommon for students to have 2 and friendly relationships with their professors. The 3 professor is not necessarily a poor one and is still 4 by students. Although students may be in a(n) 5 position, some professors treat them as 6 . However, no matter how 7 professors would like to be, they still are in a position of 8 . Professors may 9 social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but in the classroom they 10 the instructor"s role. A professor may have coffee with students 11 the next day expect them to 12 a deadline for the 13 of a paper or to be prepared 14 a discussion or an exam. The professor may give 15 attention outside of class to a student in 16 of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it 17 evaluating school work. Professors have several roles 18 students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must 19 that when a teacher"s role changes, they must appropriately 20 their behavior and attitudes.

单选题The White family ______ very large. All the family ______ animal lovers.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are

单选题Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business. Even the best-designed public-health campaigns cannot seem to compete with the tempting flavors of the snack-food and fast-food industries and their fat-and sugar-laden products. The results are apparent on a walk down any American street—more than 60% of Americans are overweight, and a full quarter of them are overweight to the point of obesity. Now, health advocates say, an ill-conceived redesign has taken one of the more successful public-health campaigns—the Food Guide Pyramid—and rendered it confusing to the point of uselessness. Some of these critics worry that America's Department of Agriculture caved in to pressure from parts of the food industry anxious to protect their products. The Food Guide Pyramid was a graphic which emphasizes that a healthy diet is built on a base of grains, vegetables and fruits, followed by ever-decreasing amounts of dairy products. meat, sweets and oils. The agriculture department launched the pyramid in 1992 to replace its previous program, which was centered on the idea of four basic food groups. The "Basic Four" campaign showed a plate divided into quarters, and seemed to imply that meat and dairy products should make up half of a healthy diet, with grains, fruits and vegetables making up the other half. It was replaced only over the strenuous objections of the meat and dairy industries. The old pyramid was undoubtedly imperfect. It failed to distinguish between a doughnut and a whole-grain roll, or a hamburger and a skinless chicken breast, and it did not make clear exactly how much of each foodstuff to eat. It did, however, manage to convey the basic idea of proper proportions in an easily understanable way. The new pyramid, called" My Pyramid", abandons the effort to provide this information. Instead, it has been simplified to a mere logo. The food groups are replaced with unlabelled, multi-colored vertical stripes which, in some versions, rise out of a cartoon jumble of foods that look like the aftermath of a riot at a grocery store. Anyone who wants to see how this translates into a healthy diet is invited to go to a website, put in their age, Sex and activity level, and get a Custom. designed pyramid, complete with healthy food choices and suggested portion sizes. This is fine for those who are motivated, but might prove too much effort for those who most need such information. Admittedly, the designers of the new pyramid had a tough job to do. They were supposed to condense the advice in the 84-page United States' Dietary Guidelines into a simple, meaningful graphic suitable for printing on the back of a cereal box. And they had to do this in the face of pressure from dozens of special interest groups—from the country's Potato, Board, which thought potatoes would look nice in the picture, to the Almond Board of California, which felt the same way about almonds. Even the National Watermelon Promotion Board and the California Avocado Commission were eager to sect heir products recognized. Nevertheless, many health advocates believe the new graphic is a missed opportunity. Although officials insist industry pressure had nothing to do with: the eventual design, some critics suspect that political influence was at work: On the other hand, it is not clear how much good even the best graphic could do. Surveys found that 80% of Americans recognized the old Food Guide Pyramid—a big success in the world of public, health campaigns. Yet only 16% followed its advice.

单选题A. I'd rather have some wine, if you don't mind. B. ______ A. No, you'd better not. B. Not at all, anything you want. C. Thank you all the same. D. Yes, but not good.

单选题Fencing, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was a method for (1) disputes in which opponents dueled to the death. Today, fortunately, it is a sport (2) opponents use dueling swords that have the points covered. This is done to prevent (3) . The fencers also wear face masks, padded jackets, and gloves for (4) . The foil, the saber, and the épée are all used in modem fencing. These (5) are all quite different. The foil has a flexible, four-sided (6) and a circular guard to protect the hand. The saber has a flat, thin blade and a hand (7) that curves around the knuckles. The épée has a rigid, three sided blade and a large circular hand guard. The (8) of this sport is to touch an opponent with your dueling sword without being touched (9) . A point is given for each touch. In many championship meets, an electrical device is used to record (10) . Men as well as women are allowed to enter the competition. It is (11) to both. However they do not compete against each other. Scoring is different for (12) . Five points are needed to win a men's bout in foil; three in épée. Four points are needed to win a (13) bout. The rules for contests using the foil, saber, and épée are basically the (14) . However there are (15) differences. With the foil, points can be scored only when the opponent's torso is touched with the covered tip of the foil. With the saber, points are (16) when any part of the opponent's body except the legs is touched by (17) the tip or edges of the blade. In épée duels, points are scored when any part of the opponent's body is touched with the blade tip. Fencing is a sport that requires grace and skill. The basic movements of attack (the thrust) and (18) (blocking the thrust) both demand muscular coordination of hand, foot, and body, as well as the thorough knowledge of techniques and tactics. Agility and quick thinking are equally important. (19) is not required. Therefore, both the young and the old, (20) of whom may be very strong, can enjoy this sport.

单选题Britain occupied Java during the Napoleonic Wars. Both the British and later the Dutch tried to centralize and reform Java's administration. The Dutch wavered between opening the area to individual enterprise and reverting to a monopoly system.

单选题 People kill each other over diamonds; countries go to war over oil. But the world's most expensive commodities are worth nothing in the absence of water. Fresh water is essential for life, with no substitute. Although mostly unpriced, it is the most valuable stuff in the world. Nature has decided that the supply of water is fixed. Meanwhile demand rises as the world's populati on increases and enriches itself. Homes, factories and offices are sucking up ever more. But it is the planet's growing need for food that matters most. Farming accounts for 70% of withdrawals. Few of the world's great rivers that run through grain-growing areas now reach the sea all the year round or, if they do, they do so as a trickle. Less obvious, though even more serious, are the withdrawals from underground, which are hidden from sight but big enough to produce changes in the Earth's gravitational field that can be monitored by NASA's satellites in space. Water tables are now failing in many parts of the world, including America, India and China. So far {{U}}the world has been spared a true water war{{/U}}, and competition for water can sometimes bring rivals together as well as drive them apart. But since over 60% of the world's population lives in a river basin shared by two or more countries, the scope for squabbles is plain. Even if acute water shortages were to become widespread in just one country—India, say, or China—they could lead to mass migration and fighting. Although the supply of water cannot be increased, mankind can use what there is better—in four ways. One is through the improvement of storage and delivery, by creating underground reservoirs, replacing leaking pipes, lining earth-bottomed canals, irrigating plants at their roots with just the right amount of water, and so on. A second route focuses on making farming less thirsty—for instance by growing newly bred, perhaps genetically modified, crops that are drought-resistant or higher-yielding. A third way is to invest in technologies to take the salt out of sea water and thus increase supply of the fresh stuff. The fourth is of a different kind: release the market on water-users and let the price mechanism bring supply and demand into balance. And once water is properly priced, trade will encourage well-watered countries to make water-intensive goods, and arid ones to make those that are water-light.

单选题At the present time, 98 percent of the world energy consumption comes from stored sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel. Only hydroelectric and wood energy represent completely renewable sources on ordinary time scales. Discovery of large additional fossil fuel reserves, solution of the nuclear safety and waste disposal problems, or the development of controlled thermonuclear fusion will provide only a short-term solution to the world's energy crisis. Within about 100 years, the thermal pollution resulting from our increased energy consumption will make solar energy a necessity at any cost. Man's energy consumption is currently about one part in ten thousand that of the energy we receive from the sun. However, it is growing at a 5 percent rate, of which about 2 percent represents a population growth and 3 percent a per capita energy increase. If this growth continues, within 100 years our energy consumption will be about 1 percent of the absorbed solar energy, enough to increase the average temperature of the earth by about one degree centigrade if stored energy continues to be our predominant source. This will be the point at which there will be significant effects in our climate, including the melting of the polar ice caps, a phenomenon which will raise the level of the oceans and flood parts of our major cities. There is positive feedback associated with this process, since the polar ice cap contributes to the partial reflectivity of the energy arriving from the sun: As the ice caps begin to melt, the reflectivity will decrease, thus heating the earth still further. It is often stated that the growth rate will decline or that energy conservation measures will preclude any long-range problem. Instead, this only postpones the problem by a few years. Conservation by a factor of two together with a maintenance of the 5 percent growth rate the problem by only 14 years. Reduction of the growth rate to 4 percent postpones the problem by only 25 years; in addition, the inequities in standards of living throughout the world will provide pressure toward an increase in growth rate, particularly if cheap energy is available. The problem of a changing climate will not be evident until perhaps ten years before it becomes critical due to the nature of an exponential growth rate together with the normal annual weather variations. This may be too short a period to circumvent the problem by converting to other energy sources, so advance planning is a necessity. The only practical means of avoiding the problem of thermal pollution appears to be the use of solar energy. (Schemes to "air-condition" the earth do not appear to be feasible before the twenty-second century. ) Using the solar energy before it is dissipated to heat does not increase the earth's energy balance. The cost of solar energy is extremely favorable now, particularly when compared to the cost of relocating many of our major cities.

单选题Speaker A: I just can"t stand this class any more! Speaker B: ______It"s required, and you have to sit in it in order to graduate.

单选题(There) is an unresolved controversy as to (whom) (is) the real author of the Elizabethan plays (commonly) credited to William Shakespeare.

单选题A: Excuse me, is there a parking lot anywhere around here?B: ______. A. Sorry, there is no park around here. B. Yes, you've asked the right person. I'm very familiar with this place. C. No problem. I know where it is. D. Yes, there's one near the end of the street. It's behind the church.

单选题The author introduces Abstract Expressionist painters in order to ______.

单选题The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is【C1】______to say it anyway. He is that【C2】______bird, a scientist who works independently【C3】______any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not【C4】______thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 【C5】______he, however, might tremble at the【C6】______of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only【C7】______that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in【C8】______is a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally does well in IQ test, 【C9】______12-15 points above the【C10】______value of 100, and have contributed【C11】______to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the【C12】______of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 【C13】______They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 【C14】______, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been【C15】______to social effects, such as a strong tradition of【C16】______education. The latter was seen as a(an) 【C17】______of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately【C18】______. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has【C19】______them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this【C20】______state of affairs.