单选题{{B}}Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I.{{/B}}{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} A child of five is friendly, competent and obedient, although he may be bossy with other children and is sometimes sufficiently independent to call his mother names. He is still dependent on adult approval and praise, and so orientated (对……感兴趣) to the grown-up that he tells tales without seeing the other child's point of view. There is no real discussion yet fives talking together indulge in a "collective monologue (独白)"; quarrelling with words often begins towards the end of the year. Group play is often disrupted because everyone wants to be the mother or the bride or the captain of the fire brigade. Each child has an urgent need for constantly recurring (反复的) contact with an adult in spite of all his efforts to be independent. In his unsureness he may make statements about his own cleverness and beauty, hoping that the adult will praise him: this is not conceit but a cry for reassurance. He loves to say "Watch what I can do." Reality and fantasy are still intermingled and this confusion may lead him to elaborate on facts.

单选题It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans" life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death, and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it"s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way", so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O"Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people"s lives.

单选题Being color-blind, Sally can't make a______between red and green.

单选题The idea that the human personality is a blank slate, to be written upon only by experience, prevailed for most of the second half of the 20th century. Over the past two decades, however, that notion has been undermined. Studies comparing identical with non-identical twins have helped to establish the heritability of many aspects of behaviour, and examination of DNA has uncovered some of the genes responsible. Recent work on both these fronts suggests that happiness is highly heritable. As any human being knows, many factors govern whether people are happy or unhappy. External circumstances are important: employed people are happier than unemployed ones and better-off people than poor ones. Age has a role, too; the young and the old are happier than the middle-aged. But personality is the single biggest determinant: extroverts are happier than introverts, and confident people happier than anxious ones. That personality, along with intelligence, is at least partly heritable is becoming increasingly clear; so, presumably, the tendency to be happy or miserable is, to some extent, passed on through DNA. To try to establish just what that extent is, a group of scientists from University College, London examined over 1, 000 pairs of twins from a huge study on the health of American adolescents. They conclude that about a third of the variation in people's happiness is heritable. That is along the lines of, though a little lower than, previous estimates on the subject. But while twin studies are useful for establishing the extent to which a characteristic is heritable, they do not finger the particular genes at work. One of the researchers, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve has tried to do just that, by picking a popular suspect—the gene that encodes the serotonin-transporter protein, a molecule that shuffles a brain messenger called serotonin through cell membranes—and examining how variants of that gene affect levels of happiness. Serotonin is involved in mood regulation. Serotonin transporters are crucial to this job. The serotonin-transporter gene comes in two functional variants—long and short. The long one produces more transporter-protein molecules than the short one. People have two versions(known as alleles)of each gene, one from each parent. So some have two short alleles, some have two long ones, and the rest have one of each. The adolescents in Dr. De Neve's study were asked to grade themselves from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. Dr. De Neve found that those with one long allele were 8% more likely than those with none to describe themselves as very satisfied; those with two long alleles were 17% more likely. Which is interesting. Where the story could become controversial is when the ethnic origins of the volunteers are taken into account. All were Americans, but they were asked to classify themselves by race as well. On average, the Asian Americans in the sample had 0. 69 long genes, the black Americans had 1.47 and the white Americans had 1. 12. That result sits comfortably with other studies showing that, on average, Asian countries report lower levels of happiness than their GDP per head would suggest. African countries, however, are all over the place, happinesswise. But that is not surprising, either. Africa is the most genetically diverse continent, because that is where humanity evolved. Black Americans, mostly the descendants of slaves carried away from a few places in west Africa, cannot possibly be representative of the whole continent. These studies may be a few steps too far along the road to genetic determinism for some people. But there is growing interest in the study of happiness, not just among geneticists but also among economists and policymakers dissatisfied with current ways of measuring humanity's achievements. Future work in this field will be read avidly in those circles.

单选题A dog cares deeply, which way your body is leaning. Forward or backward? Forward can be seen as aggressive; backward—even a quarter of an inch—means nonthreatening. It means you"ve relinquished what ethologists call an "intention movement" to proceed forward. Cook your head, even slightly, to the side, and a dog is disarmed. Look at him straight on and he"ll read is like a red flag. Standing straight, with your shoulders squared rather that slumped, can mean the difference between whether your dog obeys a command or ignores it. Breathing evenly and deeply, rather than holding your breath can mean the difference between defusing a tense situation and igniting it. "I think they are looking at our eyes and where our eyes look like," the ethologist Patricia McConnell, who teaches at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, says, " A rounded eye with a dilated pupil is a sign of high arousal and aggression in a dog. I believe they pay a tremendous amount of attention to how relaxed our face is and how relaxed our facial muscles are, because that"s big cue for them with each other. Is the jaw relaxed? Is the mouth slightly open? And then the arms. They pay a tremendous amount of attention to where our arms go. " In the book The Other End of the Leash, McConnell decodes one of the most common of all human-dog interactions, the meeting between two leashed animals in a walk. To us, it"s about one dog sizing up another. To her, it"s about two dogs sizing up each other after first sizing up their respective owners. The owners " are often anxious about how well the dogs will get along," she writes, and if you watch them instead of the dogs, you"ll often notice that the humans will hold their breath and round their eyes and mouths in an "on alert" expression. Since these behaviors are expressions of offensive aggression in a canine culture, I suspect the humans are unwittingly signaling tension. If you exaggerate this by tightening the leash, as many owners do, you can actually cause the dogs to attack each other. Think of it: the dogs are in a tense social encounter, surrounded by support from their own pack, with the humans forming a tense, staring, breathless circle around them. I don"t know how many times I"ve seen dogs shift their eyes toward their owner"s frozen faces and then launch growling at the other dog.

单选题Were you ______ the phone a lot this afternoon? I tried calling you five times and always got a busy signal.

单选题A. heat B. break C. team D. beat

单选题American Indians______about five percent of the U. S. population.

单选题This is ______ bag for me to carry. A．a too heavy B．too a heavy C．too heavy a D．too heavy

单选题Ned Kelly is a controversial figure because ______.

单选题The lady told me that the form should be ______ filled in.

单选题Parties are therefore free to strive for a settlement without jeopardizing their chances for or in a trim if mediation is unsuccessful. A. assuring B. increasing C. endangering D. destroying

单选题If places ______ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A) being B) are C) be D) were

单选题Large amounts of food imports placed a great strain (沉重负担) on the country's gold{{U}} {{/U}}.

单选题He said the club was very______ for the members' help and support.

单选题The decline in the price of biotech stocks has hurt many institutions that had invested heavily in biotech companies. Last year the state university added 200,000 shares of a biotech stock to its holdings. The stock in question has declined in value by more than 90 percent over the last 12 months. The college, however, did not purchase the stock, but received it as a gift. Therefore, the price decline will not harm the university's finances. Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion that the price decline of biotech stocks will not harm the university's finances? A. The biotech sector is volatile; some stocks that lose 90 percent of their value in one year may regain all of their value and more in the following year. B. The university needs to pay capital gains taxes only on a stock sale that results in a gain; stocks sold at a loss will incur no tax penalty. C. Although the biotech sector is down, the overall health-care sector, in which the university has invested heavily, is up for the year. D. The biotech company in question has a promising new drug in development that could revolutionize the treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes. E. The university began construction of a new laboratory last year that the provost had expected to pay for with the proceeds from the sale of the biotech stock in question.

单选题I want to visit ______ Asia when I finish school.