单选题College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and (1) millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions (2) as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit (3) from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities (4) each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly (5) crowds of over 90, 000. Basketball's national collegiate championship game is a TV (6) on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, (7) perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can (8) one's TV set and see the top athletic programs--from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford-- (9) in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselves are (10) and provided with sch61arships. College coaches identify (11) teenagers and then go into high schools to (12) the country's best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about (13) coaches can recruit--no recruiting calls after 9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus--but they are often bent and sometimes (14) . Top college football programs (15) scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive (16) campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc. In return, the players (17) the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges (18) two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, it's back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp (19) and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins (20) During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.

单选题______ with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces.

单选题By ______ Mr. Smith is a bus driver.

单选题If you ______ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A．havent watched B．hadnt watched C．didnt watch D．wouldnt have watched

单选题Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way you can avoid it______you can avoid being hungry.

单选题Read the following passage carefully and then decide whether the statements which follow are true(T)or false(F). Do Cell Phones Cause Cancer? There are safety-warning labels on cigarettes and alcohol. Now some groups are advocating that similar cautions be printed on cell phones. Recently, a bill in the Maine state senate proposed a label warning users, especially children and pregnant women, of the risks of brain cancer from electromagnetic radiation emanating from the device. But the Maine legislature voted down the bill in March, stating that the scientific evidence does not indicate a public health risk. Yet, the debate rages on. Can cell phones really cause cancer? Supporters of the Maine legislation argued that uncertainty about the long-term effects of cell phone radiation warranted public safety notices. They also pointed to a handful of European studies that linked brain and auditory nerve tumors with using cell phones for more than 10 years and at younger ages. "I think my short answer is that the evidence isn"t 100 percent, but there"s a strong indication that, yes, cell phone use does cause cancer(over a long period of time), " said David Carpenter, director of the Institute for Health and Environment at the University of Albany, and an advocate for the Maine bill on cell phone warnings. Carpenter points to a 2007 meta-analysis that associated ipsilateral auditory nerve tumors(acoustic neuromas)with people who had used cell phones for at least 10 years, as well as a 2009 Swedish study that found a heightened risk for brain tumors among people who had used cell phones for at least 10 years, especially for those under 20 years old. Not surprisingly, cell phone industry insiders disagree, " " The peer-reviewed scientific evidence has overwhelmingly indicated that wireless devices, within the(radiation)limits established by the FCC, do not pose a public health risk or cause any adverse health effects, " said John Walls, vice president of public affairs for CTIA—The Wireless Association, an international trade group that represents the wireless telecomm industry. For instance, 2001 Danish study and 2006 follow-up found no relationship between cancer risk and long-term cell phone use among more than 400, 000 users. In addition, a statistical review from the National Institutes of Cancer revealed no rise in cancer incidence rates from 1975 to 2005 in relation to the rise in cell phone usage. Joshua Muscat, a public health science professor at Pennsylvania State University who has studied the cancer-causing potential of cell phone radiation, also questions the connection. "There is no known mechanism by which radio frequency fields generated by cell phones can cause cancer because cell phone radiation is non-ionizing, " Muscat said. Nevertheless, when you press a cell phone against your ear while it"s in use, head and brain tissues can absorb that vibrating, low-frequency radiation and heat. Because of that radiation effect, the Federal Communications Commission(FCC)sets specific absorption rates(SARs)that dictate the maximum amount of radiation cell phones and mobile devices can give off. " The power output from these phones is extremely low, " Muscat told Discovery News. However, David Carpenter counters that the SARs don"t take into account the potential long-term damage of close-range exposure to heat-inducing radiation, especially in children. "Those(FCC)levels are set by engineers and physicists, and those aren"t the people who should be setting health-based standards, " he said. Carpenter thinks that the results from a large, 13-country study called Interphone, which consists of a series of 16 case-controlled studies conducted between 2000 and 2005, could finally settle the debate. Each of the Interphone studies recruited at least 100 people who had developed brain cancer or certain types of tumors, along with a healthy control group. But it"s been hampered by methodological shortcomings. In many cases, the group was asked to describe their cell phone habits, which critics contend led to recall bias. So far, it still hasn"t rendered a final verdict. For now, the National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, among other leading health agencies and organizations, aren"t ringing the alarm bells. For one thing, scientists have yet to pinpoint how the low-frequency cell phone radiation could cause cancer. "Cell phone radiation"s effect in the body appears to be insufficient to produce the genetic damage typically associated with developing cancer, " said Robert N. Hoover, director of epidemiology for the National Cancer Institute, in an official statement to Congress. " To date, no alternative mechanism about how this exposure might result in cancer has been vetted adequately. " Until scientists can unmask that " mechanism, " Carpenter urges consumers to play it safe and text message or hold cell phones away from their ears to limit radiation exposure. Even Muscat from Penn State leaves a space—albeit a narrow one—for caution. "It is a legitimate concern in the sense that there may be some unknown, undiscovered mechanism that could be promoting the development of cancer, " Muscat said. "This seems unlikely, but if one looks at other scientific disciplines such as cosmology or particle physics, there are often paradigm shifts that occur with new discoveries. "

单选题That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States: while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940s, it was only after 1945—when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world that major sculptures were produced in the United States. Some of the best were the works of women. By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.

单选题Though he had often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry

单选题During the past 30 years or so, health care has increasingly become a form of business. In addition , the environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the advent of more sophisticated medical technologies and increased specialization. It is no longer true to say that doctors regard their profession as a sacred calling, and while the doctor-patient relationship still remains, it is not the relationship based solely on trust which it used to be. Of course there are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the transparency of their behavior as medical professionals, and patients can receive effective treatment when such doctors work closely together and share notes. An example of such cooperation can be found in the field of remote health care, which has been introduced on an experimental basis in several regions. Since most medical specialists live in cities, patients who live in the country have to travel a long distance to consult a specialist. This is especially hard on the elderly, both financially and physically. Through a computer network, patients who live in the country can consult a medical specialist in the city, tell him their symptoms, and receive advice without the need for a journey to the specialist' s office. Also, with several doctors being assigned to a single patient, the transparency of each doctor' s behavior is further ensured. On the other hand, however, it is also true that remote health consultation is not generally regarded as a form of medical treatment. For any sort of consultation to be regarded as medical treatment, most people feel that the patient must actually visit the doctor, and undergo an examination by the doctor in person. Remote health care is essentially a means for doctors to work as a team. In order for this to be practicable, it is important to establish a system whereby financial support can be extended to a doctor who, as a member of a medical team, provides only information. Establishment of such a system will further advance the cause of " free access to information" in the health care field.

单选题The manager resigned yesterday, but his resignation hasn' t been officially announced ______.A. always B. yet C. already D. still

单选题The morning paper ______ a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C.

单选题It is important that you ______ sports every day. A．have B．would have C．must have D．will have

单选题When varieties of language are classified in respect of their users, they are called registers.

单选题Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ______ themselves.

单选题Betty wishes to

单选题It was sensible of him to do that.

单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} Feeling tired lately? Has the doctor said he cannot find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong. Then consider this, you might be in a state of subhealth. (亚健康) Subhealth, also called the third state or grey state, is explained as a borderline (临界)state between health and disease. According to an investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of subhealth people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam time. Symptoms (症状) include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia (失眠), agitation (焦虑)and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs. The key to preventing and recovering from suhhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open-air activities. As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish, because they are rich in nutritional (营养的)elements—vitamins, and trace elements(微量元素)—that are important to the body. Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化道). They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.

单选题Until recently, the main villains of the piece had seemed to be the teachers' unions, who have opposed any sort of reform or accountability. Now they face competition from an unexpectedly destructive force: the court. Fifty years ago, it was the judges who forced the schools to desegregate through Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Now the courts have moved from broad principles to micromanagement, telling schools how much money to spend and where - right down to the correct computer or textbook. Twenty four states are currently Stuck in various court cases to do with financing school systems, and another 21 have only recently settled various suits. Most will start again soon. Only five states have avoided litigation entirely. Nothing exemplifies the power of the courts better than an 11-year-old case that is due to be settled (sort of) in New York City, the home of America's biggest school system with 1. lm students and a budget nearing $13 billion. At the end of this month, three elderly members of the New York bar serving as judicial referees are due to rule in a case brought By the Campaign for Fiscal Equity, a leftish advocacy group, against the state of New York: they will decide how much more must Be spent to provide every New York City pupil with a "sound basic" education. Rare is the politician willing to argue that more money for schools is a bad thing. But are the courts doing any good? Two suspicions arise. First, judges are making a lazy assumption that more money means better schools. As the international results show, the link between "inputs" and "outputs" is vague--something well documented by, among others, the late Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New York. Second, the courts are muddling an already muddled system. Over time, they have generally made it harder to get rid of disruptive pupils and bad teachers. The current case could be even worse. The courts have already said that, in order to determine the necessary spending, they may consider everything from class size to the availability of computers, textbooks and even pencils. This degree of intervention is all the more scandalous because the courts have weirdly decided to ignore another set of "inputs"--the archaic work practices of school teachers and janitors. David Schoenbrod and Ross Sandier of New York Law School reckon the demands of the court will simply undermine reform and transform an expensive failure into a more expensive one. And of course, the litigation never ends. Kentucky, for example, is still in court 16 years after the first decision. A lawsuit first filed against New Jersey for its funding of schools in 1981 was "decided" four years later--but it has returned to the court nine times since, including early this year, with each decision pushing the court deeper into the management of the state's schools. Bad iudges are even harder to boot out of school than bad pupils.