单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Naturalism is the view that the "natural" universe, the universe of matter and energy, is all that there really is. By ruling out a spiritual part of the human person which might survive death and a God who might resurrect the body, naturalism also rules out survival after death. In addition, naturalism denies human freedom on the grounds that every event must be explainable by deterministic natural laws. It denies any absolute values because it can find no grounds for such values in a world made up only of matter and energy. And finally, naturalism denies that the universe has any meaning or purpose because there is no God to give it a meaning or purpose, and nothing else which can give it a meaning or purpose. Anyone who accepts the first three denials, of God, spiritual beings, and immortality, might be called a naturalist in the broad sense, and anyone who adds to these the denial of freedom, values, and purpose might be labeled a naturalist in the strict sense, or a strict naturalist. Some opponents of naturalism would argue that naturalists in the broad sense are at least somewhat inconsistent and that naturalism in the broad sense leads logically to strict naturalism. Many strict naturalists would agree with this. Those who reject naturalism in both the strict and broad sense do so for a variety of masons. They may have positive arguments for the existence of .some of what naturalists deny, or they may have what seem to be decisive refutations of some or all of the arguments for naturalism. But, in addition to particular arguments against naturalist tenets or their grounds of belief, some opponents of naturalism believe that there is a general argument which holds against any form of naturalism. These opponents hold that naturalism has a "fatal flaw" or, to put it more strongly, that naturalism is self-destroying. If naturalism is true, then human reason must be the result of natural forces. These natural forces are not, on the naturalistic view, rational themselves, nor can they be the result of a rational cause. So human reason would be the result of nonrational causes. This, it can be argued, gives us a strong reason to distrust human reach, especially in its less practical and more theoretical exercises. But the theory of naturalism is itself such an exercise of theoretical reason. If naturalism is true, we would have strong reasons to distrust theoretical reasoning. If we distrust theoretical reasoning, we distrust particular applications of it, such as the theory of naturalism. Thus, if naturalism is true, we have strong reasons to distrust naturalism.

单选题It's conventional wisdom in the United States that the American education system is a mess. Since the rest of the world loves to criticize Uncle Sam, that view is held even more strongly elsewhere. But wait a minute. If education really is the source of economic success, as experts continually claim, American schools can't be too bad. If they were, the American economy would not be the wonder of the world, able to create good jobs at a pace that others can only envy, and with a huge advantage in many of the key technologies of the next centurey. Specially, American high schools can't be a disaster area. The proof lies in the quality of American universities. In any reasonable ranking of the best 100 universities of the world, the United States would dominate the list. College professors are not alchemists(炼金术士), they cannot turn base metal into gold. (I know; I used to be one.) If the output of American higher education is as good as it seems to be, the input must be a lot better than Americans fear. We can at least be doubtful about some common claims. For example; it's often said that the United States has a skill shortage in high technology -- and the fact that Silicon Valley recruits (征募) heavily around the world is said to be evidence of that. But without more inquiry, we can't know whether this is because American college graduates are stupid, or because that hightechnology sector has grown so fast that it cannot possibly satisfy all its demands for high-level skills from the United States.

单选题______ is a great and glorious country.A. OurB. OursC. ItsD. Our's

单选题You can"t choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood. Of course, most people never change their names 1 they feel unhappy about them. However, some people do 2 this course of action—particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it"s for purely 3 reasons, such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neflali Reyes. He didn"t want his father to 4 he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. 5 other times the reason may appear strange; take the case of the Portuguese poet Femando Pessoa, 6 wrote under 75 different names. The reason? "When I use a different name, I always write in a different way," he explained. In most cases, 7 , people change their names, for social, historical, political, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most 8 . The person"s real name is just 9 long and difficult to remember. Let"s be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as 10 to remember as just plain "Madonna". And short names are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.

单选题 The federal entity created by the Constitution is by far the dominant feature of the American governmental system.{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}the system itself is in reality a mosaic,{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}of thousands of smaller units--building blocks which together{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the whole. There are 50 state governments{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}the government of the District of Columbia, and further down the ladder are still smaller units,{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}counties, cities, towns and villages. This{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}of governmental units is best understood{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}the evolution of the United States. The federal system, it has been seen, was the last step in the{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}process. Prior to its creation, there were the governments of the{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}colonies (later states) and prior to{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the governments of counties and smaller units. One of the first tasks (11) by the early English settlers was the creation of governmental units for the tiny{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}they established along the Atlantic coast. Even before the Pilgrims disembarked {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}their ship in 1620, they{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}the Mayflower Compact, the first written American constitution. And as the new nation pushed{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}each frontier outpost created its own government to manage its affairs. The drafters of the U. S. Constitution left this multilayered governmental system{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. While they made the national structure supreme, they wisely{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}the need for a series of governments more directly in{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}with the people and more keenly attuned(合拍) to their needs. Thus, certain{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as defense, currency regulation and foreign relations--could only be managed by a strong centralized government. But{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as sanitation, education and local transportation--belong mainly to local jurisdictions(管辖权).

单选题For Japan, with a large share of its exports destined for Europe, a deeper crisis there would ______growth.

单选题Over three quarters of the city______destroyed in the war.

单选题Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change (1) the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes (2) considered taboo can become perfectly (3) and natural (4) another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so (5) and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the (6) of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more (7) of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, (8) a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. (9) many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to fat. The " (10) " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their (11) as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought (12) as lazy and (13) in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out". It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become (14) with staying slim and "in shape". The (15) of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the (16) importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modem machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do (17) hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and (18) to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found (19) , and many companies ate providing special exercise (20) for their employees to use during the work day.

单选题My eyes had become ______ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away. A. inclined B. accustomed C. vulnerable D. sensitive

单选题Within ten years they have tamed the______hill into green woods. A. vacant B. barren C. weird D. wasteful

单选题Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of substance's solid is ______ of its liquid.

单选题There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth with the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people—as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But it's hardly so with technology and we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the choice of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the choice of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor, The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.

单选题Only the Chinese have successfully ______ pandas and raised their babies in captivity.

单选题Do you know the man ______?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke

单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Laziness is a sin—everybody knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievemens, that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating—rescheduling their day. Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was "goofing off". Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone "lazy" to build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that "laziness" was caused by the worker's taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being "lazy" —that is, taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.

单选题A. shook B. look C. tooth D. childhood

单选题The Northern Pike is a very bad fish. It is a big, hungry fish, and swallows little fish such as trout and perch. Many Northern Pikes live in Lake Davis. They are killing all the smaller fish in the lake. The Northern Pike are a serious threat to the lake because they eat all the smaller fish. Soon, all other species of fish in the lake will be killed off. This is not healthy for the environment. Experts are afraid that the Northern Pike will swim out of Lake Davis through many smaller rivers that feed into the lake. They could spread all over the country and damage many other water environments. If that happens, it would be too late to stop the Northern Pike. For ten years, officials have been trying to remove the Northern Pike from Lake Davis. They haw. tried using nets, explosives and poisons. However, the Northern Pike population is still doing well in Lake Davis. Many people do not like the idea of using poison to kill the fish. They worry that the poi- sons are bad for humans who use the water. No trace of the poisons has ever been found in local wells, however. Scientists are going to try the poison again. This time, they will drain the lake before they add the poison to the water. A public hearing will be held to talk about the problem.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the " how to" aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impression. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates.

单选题______ noticed that the sun came out.