单选题When we feel stressed, our adrenal glands release a peptide called Cortisol. Our body responds with Cortisol whether it faces physical, environmental, academic, or emotional danger. This triggers a string of physical reactions including depression of the immune system, tensing of the large muscles, blood-clotting, and increasing blood pressure. It's the perfect response to the unexpected presence of a sable-toothed tiger. But in school, that kind of response leads to problems. Chronically high Cortisol levels lead to the death of brain cells in the hippocampus, which is critical to explicit memory formation. These physical changes are significant. Stanford scientist Robert Sapolsky found that atrophy levels in the hippocampus of Vietnam veterans with PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) ranged from 8 to 24 percent above the control group. Chronic stress also impairs a student's ability to sort out what's important and what's not. Jacobs and Nadel (1985) suggest that thinking and memory are affected under stress. The brain's short-term memory and ability to form long-term memories are inhibited. There are other problems. Chronic stress makes students more susceptible to illness. In one study, students showed a depressed immune system at test time; they had lower levels of an important antibody for fighting infection. This may explain the vicious academic cycle; more test stress means more sickness, which means poor health and missed classes, which contribute to lower test scores. A stressful physical environment is linked to student failure. Crowded conditions, poor student relationships, and even lighting can matter. Optometrist Ray Gottlieb says that school stress causes vision problems. That in turn impairs academic achievement and self-esteem. He says that, typically, a stressed child will constrict breathing and change how he or she focuses to adapt to the stress. This pattern hurts learning in the short and long run. Under stress, the eyes become more attentive to peripheral areas as a natural way to spot predators first. This makes it nearly impossible to track across a page of print, staying focused on small areas of print.

单选题This research has attracted wide ______ coverage and has been featured on BBC television"s Tomorrow"s World.

单选题Addition of any chemical compound to the environment in quantities ______ a significant fraction of the total content of gasoline may have unexpected environmental consequences.

单选题The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things may be called the symbolic process. Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are 1 things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value. Almost all fashionable clothes are 2 symbolic, so is food. We 3 our furniture to serve 4 visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses on the basis of a feeling that it "looks well" to have a "good address." We trade perfectly good cars in for 5 models not always to get better transportation, but to give evidence to the community that we can 6 it. Such complicated and apparently 7 behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, "why can"t human beings live simply and naturally." Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative 8 of such live as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no reason for wanting to 9 to a cat and to a eat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process so that instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its 10 .

单选题I went to the concert but it was not such a good performance( )you had told me about.

单选题After 10 seasons wearing the No. 8 on his back, Kobe Bryant will become No. 24 next season. The reason for the surprising decision by the Los Angeles Lakers super guard last week has become a hot topic for debate. Bryant wore No. 24 when he was in early high school, but he changed to No. 33 in his senior year. He switched to No. 8 when he was selected by the Lakers in 1996, and has not been changed since. Bryant has refused to explain the decision until the end of the play-offs (季后赛). So guessing Bryant"s motive has become a popular game among NBA fans and newspaper columnists (专栏作家). There are all kinds of speculations. Many say that Bryant wants to leave the past behind and have a fresh start. He has often been criticized for playing to benefit himself and not the team as a whole. Others say that he may he trying to compare himself to Michael Jordan. Jordan was famous for his No. 23 jersey (运动衫). Some, such as NBC Sport columnist Michael Ventre, argue that it is "all about money". Bryant will make more money by selling new jerseys to his fans. Some speculations are more about fun. For example, there is an opinion that Kobe is actually just a diehard (非常执着的) fan of the popular TV drama "24". All this talk has turned the number change into a major issue. It seems that there is a lot of fuss (大惊小怪) over something that should be pretty simple. Jersey numbers have their own special significance in American sports, especially basketball. Players choose their number when they join a team and they usually stick with that number for the rest of their career. When a great player retires, his team will honor him by retiring his number. To some extent, the jersey is the player, and the player is the jersey. Thus, when you see the famous No. 23 for the Chicago Bulls, you immediately think about Michael Jordan. A No. 32 Miami Heats jersey recalls the image of Shaquille O"Neal, and the Houston Rockets" No. 11 belongs only to Yao Ming. Lots of stories are behind players" jersey number selections. Jordan said that he chose No. 23 because it was roughly half of 45. Jordan"s elder brother wore the No. 45 in college. Yao Ming once revealed that the No. 11 stands for two people in love—meaning him and his girlfriend Ye Li.

单选题Woman: What do you think of the prospects for on-line education? Is it going to replace the traditional school? Man: I doubt it. Schools are here to stay, because there are much more than just book learning. Even though more and more kids are going on-line, I believe fewer of them will quit school altogether. Question: What does the man think of conventional schools? A. They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later. B. They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands. C. They will continue to exist along with on-line education. D. They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.

单选题Mrs．Black insists ______ in that old hotel. A．not to stay B．not staying C．staying not D．that she not stay

单选题{{B}}Passage 4{{/B}} There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more "user-friendly". Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase "learning to use a computer" mean? It rounds like "learning to drive a car", that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact, "learning to use a computer" is much more like "learning to play a game", but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such thing as teaching someone how to use a computer, One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.

单选题When a system is unjust to the ______ abolition, not reform, is what respect for justice demands.(2002年中国科学院考博试题)

单选题Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn"t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of "come here, sit," it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.

单选题Every day, over a million people log onto different Internet-based games. There is truly something for everyone in the gaming world. Gaines provide a quick escape from【C1】______.Game developers are the new breed of storytellers, creating alternative【C2】______Games represent the ultimate interactive movie, allowing the user to control the direction of the plot. And now the newest technologies allow you to play games no matter where you are. At home, we have PC or video game consoles.【C3】______, a desktop or laptop computer can be loaded with OS-bundled games or Web-based freebies. Even while traveling, there are many wireless computers, portable devices, wireless phones and PDAs【C4】______ Games are now pushing back all the【C5】______once placed upon them by technology, category, realism, location and time. These advances are helping to push games into the【C6】______of virtual reality. Thus, the stuff of science fiction novels is gradually emerging, the graphic aspects of the game quickly【C7】______Initially, electronic games involved【C8】______moving blocks, across a TV or computer screen.【C9】______the vast increases in processing power, games are quickly approaching three-dimensional realism. This power allows a developer to create a【C10】______world where a gamer can look around in full 360-degree vision.

单选题Which of the following, if true, best completes the passage below? The traditional view of Homer is that of a blind bard who wrote down the epic poems known as the Iliad and the Odyssey in the eighth century B.C.E. We know now, however, that this picture cannot be true. The language used in the epic poems contains elements of the Greek language dating from the twelfth to the eighth centuries B.C.E., but the Greek writing system was not developed until the late seventh century, when it was used to record clerical notes. A more accurate statement regarding Homer, therefore, is that, if he existed, he most likely A. wrote the poems down in the fifth century B.C.E., using a pre-existing oral tradition of Greek epic poetry. B. was involved in the recording of clerical notes in Greek in the seventh century. C. composed the poems orally in the eighth century and then dictated them to a scribe in the late seventh century. D. composed the poems orally in the twelfth century, using a predecessor of the Greek language. E. composed the poems orally in the eighth century, using elements of pre-existing Greek epic poetry.

单选题With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radio begins to transmit a staggering amount of information about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races back to the earth. No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can. The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations—add, subtract, multiply, and divide—with lightning speed and perfect accuracy. It can multiply two 10-digit numbers in 1/1, 000 second, a problem that would take an average person five minutes to do with pencil and paper. Some computers can work 500, 000 times faster than any person can. Once it is given a program, that is, a carefully worked-out set of instructions devised by a technician trained in computer language, a computer can gather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depths of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keep bank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what route to take and what space is available.

单选题Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible______: his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.

单选题______ of March is my sister"s birthday.

单选题The ticket ______ you to a free meal in our restaurant. A. permits B. credits C. grants D. entitles

单选题Most American tourists visit China just for ______.