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单选题Parenthood isn"t a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists
1
can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially
2
they"re young or unmarried.
That"s according to a new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. There is widespread
3
that motherhood is
4
costly in terms of professional career advancement. "In particular, it is often
5
that the only way for young women to
6
a challenging career is to remain childless," they wrote. Our study of the academic labor market arrives at a somewhat less
7
picture: We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists.
8
, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported.
The authors in early 2012
9
about 10,000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform,
10
the academics" answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist"s productivity
11
looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal
12
. Among their findings:
Mothers of at least two children are,
13
, more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more
14
than childless women. Fathers of
15
two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child.
Parenthood does appear linked to
16
productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average,
17
the equivalent of four years of research
18
by the time her kids become teenagers. Women who are married or in a
19
relationship do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth. For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third
20
the same period.
单选题On hearing the joke, she burst into ______.
单选题Britons are increasingly entertaining guests at home with dinner, film and karaoke nights, inspired by television shows on cookery and home entertainment, according to a survey.
More than half (53 percent) of the respondents to a poll of 1,000 Britons across the country said they now prefer to spend quality time with family and friends by inviting them over to their homes rather than meeting in bars and restaurants，the survey by mobile phone operator T-Mobile showed.
Popular television shows such as "
Come Dine With Me
" where amateur chefs attempt to show each other with their cooking skills. "
Master Chef
" where ordinary people compete to cook to Michelin standards and a number of celebrity cookery shows have inspired Britons to entertain at home.
The poll showed that nearly a third of respondents had splashed out cash for home entertainment improvements such as sofas, dining tables, games consoles and bigger televisions to impress the guests.
"Over the last couple of years, my clients have increasingly asked for home parties rather than ones at independent venues," party planning expert Liz Brewer said in a statement accompanying the poll"s results.
"This is not only due to the recession but because many have become increasingly house-proud and keen to show off their cooking skills, in addition to their latest home entertainment purchases."
Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was the top choice for dream host of respondents, while Prime Minister Gordon Brown was one of the least favored, alongside his rival Conservative leader David Cameron.
单选题It is generally believed that no prisoner would readily give a fellow prisoner away.
单选题Wild pigs are fierce and courageous fighters and may charge with little or no______.
单选题Your advice that he ______ a dentist is unreasonable.
单选题Bookkeeper Wanted Job type Temp Full time/Part time Full-Time Diploma/Degree required Associates Salary/Pay rate Please contact us for more information. Job description/qualifications Adecco is looking for Bookkeepers to work for top companies. These are long-term temporary positions with the possibility of temp to hire. Job responsibilities include processing accounts payable and accounts receivable. Prepare and post monthly and yearly journal entries. Process payroll, and some light administrative work. Qualifications:Three years experienceExcellent communication skillsSolid organizational skillsStrong analytical and problem-solving skillsMicrosoft ExcelQuickbooksAdecco is a global leader in employment and HR service, connecting people to jobs and jobs to people through its network of more than 6,000 offices in 71 countries/territories around the world. Our temporary and full-time assignments offer competitive pay and excellent benefits.Adecco is an equal opportunity employer. Contact Information Adecco San Mateo Branch 1065 E. Hillsdale Blvd. Foster City, CA 94404 Phone: 650-350-1308 E-mail: sanmateo@ adeccona. com
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In Plato's Utopia, there are three
classes: the common people, the soldiers, and the guardians chosen by the
legislator. The main problem, as Plato perceives, is to insure that the
guardians shall carry out the intention of the legislator. For this purpose the
first thing he proposes is education. Education is divided into
two parts, music and gymnastics. Each has a wider meaning than at present:
"music" means everything that is in the province of the muses, and "gymnastics"
means everything concerned with physical training fitness. "Music" is almost as
wide as what is now called "culture", and "gymnastics" is somewhat wider than
what "athletics" mean in the modern sense. Culture is to be
devoted to making men gentlemen, in the sense which, largely owing to Plato, is
familiar in England. The Athens of his day was, in one respect, analogous to
England in the nineteenth century: there was in each an aristocracy enjoying
wealth and social prestige, but having no monopoly of political power; and in
each the aristocracy had to secure as much power as it could by means of
impressive behavior. In Plato's Utopia, however, the aristocracy rules were
unchecked. Gravity, decorum and courage seem to be the qualities
mainly to be cultivated in education. There is to be a rigid censorship from
very early years over the literature to which the young have access and the
music they are allowed to hear. Mothers and nurses are to tell their children
only authorized stories. Also, there is a censorship of music. The Lydian and
Ionian harmonies are to be forbidden, the first because it expresses sorrow, the
second because it is relaxed. Only the Dorian (for courage) and the Phrygian
(for temperance) are to be allowed. Permissible rhythms must be simple,
and such as are expressive of a courageous and harmonious life.
As for gymnastics, the training of the body is to be very austere. No one
is to eat fish, or meat cooked otherwise than roasted, and there must be no
sauces or candies. People brought up on his regimen, he says, will have no need
of doctors. Gymnastics applies to the training of mind as well. Up to a certain
age, the young are to see no ugliness or vice. But at a suitable moment, they
must be exposed to "enchantments", both in the shape of terrors that must not
terrify, and of bad pleasures that must not seduce the will. Only after they
have withstood these tests will they be judged fit to be
guardians.
单选题Which of the following is not true? A．Navigating the Superhighway without the right knowledge and tools is a waste of time. B．There are not many ways so far to use the Internet to retrieve information. C．Java is a useful program. D．There are various levels of knowledge about cars.
单选题The most influential novelist in Romantic period is______.
单选题Read the following text and answer questions by finding a subtitle for each of the market parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] Analyzing your own taste [B] Being cautious when experimenting [C] Finding a model to follow [D] Getting the final look absolutely right [E] Learning to be realistic [F] Making regular conscious choices [G] Choosing an outfit for yourselves When we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it's something that works both ways, for we too are being judged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, which in turn leads to a more confident and self- assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, it's what's inside that's important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us.
单选题There are many reasons why food fads have continued to flourish. Garlic has long been touted (兜售) as an essential ingredient of physical prowess (能力) and as a flu (1) , squash has been thought by some to cure digestive disorders, and red pepper has been (2) to promote endurance. The natural human desire for a simple solution to a difficult problem (3) the stage for promoting miraculous potions (饮剂), pills and combination of chemicals. The (4) individuals who eagerly embrace any second-hand information with scientific overtones (暗示) provide the foundation for healthy business enterprises. A person who has never crossed the (5) of a health food store may be astonished, (6) or overjoyed. Countless elixirs (万应灵), herbs, powders and other fascinating extracts are only a (7) of the high-profit selection. The available literature includes pamphlets extolling (赞扬) the amazing return of youth one can (8) while drinking a potion filled with tropical weeds, as well as volumes (9) the reader of an almost (10) longevity. The store is directly keyed to arouse visitors' (11) over their health and to (12) on real and imagined problems by offering solutions that, (13) , cost more than the customers may be able to (14) Health food store patrons are often cajoled (劝诱) into buying tonics (补药) that promise to make the functioning of healthy organs even better, (15) whether an improvement is (16) for. Promotion of expensive products that consumers do not actually need takes (17) initiative and insight. (18) occasion, there may even be some slight (19) for truth in an entrepreneur's (20) to cure customer of ills—for a price.
单选题______ John Adams who in 1775 recommended George Washington to be
commander in chief of the Continental Army.
A. It was
B. That was
C. Although
D. When
单选题It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt have been continually deposited, that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved. But even in the most favorable circumstances only a small fraction of the creatures that die are preserved in this way before decay sets in or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. The remains of plants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved, for there is seldom anything to cover them over. When you think of the innumerable birds that one sees flying about, not to mention the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you do not see, it is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads. They decompose and are quickly destroyed by the weather or eaten by some other creatures.
单选题They (couldn't) decide (whether) they should (leave) the theater or (to stay there). A. couldn't B. whether C. leave D. to stay there
单选题Early in the age of affluence that followed World War Ⅱ, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy... demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption.... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."
Americans have responded to Lebow"s call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world"s two largest economies—Japan and the United Sates—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Overconsumption by the world"s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?
单选题Bill dare try, ______ he?
单选题A ______ refers to an animal that is born from its mother's body, not form an egg, and drinks its mother's milk as a baby.
单选题So badly______in the accident that he had to stay in the hospital for a month.
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单选题You must wear glasses. They can keep your eyes ______.
A. soft
B. safe
C. safely
D. safety
单选题1 From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has in creased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them, women and chil dren on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is los ing. Thousand of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car be comes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheels. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes noth ing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more diffi cult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person's driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist ) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed lim its should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and perform ance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not or motor-cars.
单选题Millions of people are ______ in health by the polluted environments.
单选题A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. today, hardly anybody would dare to voice the principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the law of nature or by those of society. The opinions are outdated, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility. In all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, in other words, one can claim this substance minimum without having to have any "reason". I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let's say two years, so as to avoid the encouragement of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation. This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness. In human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would be sufficiently interesting and attractive in order to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject if; in the present capitalist system this is not the case. But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.
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单选题With the help of the foreign experts, the factory produced ______ cars in 2001 as the year before.
单选题For light to travel across the solar system, it will take ______.
单选题______ the last flight. You have to stay here for another night. A) There comes B) Here was C) There goes D) Here we had
单选题Deep inside a mountain near Sweetwater in East. Tennessee is a body of water known as the Lost Sea. It is listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest underground lake. The Lost Sea is part of an extensive and historic cave system called Craighead Caverns. The caverns have been known and used since the days of the Cherokee Indian nation. The cave expands into a series of huge morns from a small opening on the side of the mountain. Approximately one mile from the entrance, in a room called "The Council Room," many Indian artifacts have been found. Some of the items discovered include pottery, arrowheads, weapons, and jewelry. For many years there were persistent minors of a large underground lake somewhere in a cave, but it was not discovered until 1905. In that year, a thirteen-year-old boy named Ben Sands crawled through a small opening three hundred feet underground. He found himself in a large cave half filled with water. Today tourists visit the Lost Sea and ride far out onto it in glass-bottomed boats powered by electric motors. More than thirteen acres of water have been mapped out so far and still no end to the lake has been found. Even though teams of divers have tried to explore the Lost Sea, the full extent of it is still unknown.
单选题The term______ program means a program written in high-level language. A．compiler B．executable C．source D．object
单选题______ me most was that the young man who had lost both arms in an accident could play the piano beautifully with his feet.
单选题This disease is second only ______ heart attack as a cause of death all over the world.
单选题Everyone should respect the ______ and take care of the children. A. aging B. ageless C. aged D. age-old
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单选题In 1980 the largest foreign financial investor in the U. S. was from ______.
单选题Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he ______. A. never had felt tired B. had never felt tired C. never felt tired D. was tired never
单选题Scientists have long bickered over whether hypocrisy is driven by emotion or by reason. The role of emotion in moral judgments has upended the Enlightenment notion that our ethical sense is based on high-minded philosophy and cognition. In a new study that will not exactly restore your faith in human nature, psychologists David DeSteno and Piercarlo Valdesolo of Northeastern University instructed 94 people to assign themselves and a stranger one of two tasks, an easy one, looking for hidden images in a photo, or a hard one, solving math and logic problems. The participants could make the assignments themselves, or have a computer do it randomly. Then everyone was asked, how fairly did you act?, from "extremely unfairly" (1) to "extremely fairly" (7). Next they watched someone else make the assignments, and judged that person's ethics. Selflessness was a virtual no-show. 87 out of 94 people opted for the easy task and gave the next guy the onerous one. Hypocrisy, however, showed up with bells on. every single person who made the selfish choice judged his own behavior more leniently—on average, 4.5 vs. 3.1—than that of someone else who grabbed the easy task for himself, the scientists will report in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. The gap suggests how that kind of hypocrisy is possible. For one thing, people's emotions might have gotten the better of them. When we judge our own transgressions less harshly than we judge the same transgressions in others, DeSteno said, it may be because "we have this automatic, gut-level instinct to preserve our self-image. " Adds Dan Batson of the University of Kansas, a pioneer in hypocrisy studies, "people have learned that it pays to seem moral, since it lets you avoid censure and guilt. But even better is appearing moral without having to pay the cost of actually being moral" —such as assigning yourself the tough job. To test the role of cognition in hypocrisy, DeSteno had volunteers again assign themselves an easy task and a stranger an onerous one. But before judging the fairness of their actions, they had to memorize seven numbers. This ploy keeps the brain's thinking regions too tied up to think much about anything else, and it worked, hypocrisy vanished. People judged their own (selfish) behavior as harshly as they did others', strong evidence that moral hypocrisy requires a high-order cognitive process. When the thinking part of the brain is otherwise engaged, we're left with gut-level reactions, and we intuitively and equally condemn bad behavior by ourselves as well as others. If our gut knows when we have erred and judges our transgressions harshly, moral hypocrisy might not be as inevitable as if it were the child of emotions and instincts, which are tougher to change than thinking. "Since it's a cognitive process, we have volitional control over it," argues DeSteno.
单选题It may look like just another playgroup, but a unique educational center in Manhattan is really giving babies something to talk about. "It's a school to teach languages to babies and young children with games, songs--some of the classes also have arts and crafts," said Francois Thibaut, the founder of the Language Workshop for Children, a place where babies become bilingual. Children as young as few months are exposed to French and Spanish before many of them can even speak English. Educators use special songs and visual (视觉的) aids to ensure that when a child is ready to talk, the languages will not be so foreign. "Children have a unique capacity to learn many languages at the same time," said Thibaut. "Already at nine months, a child can tell the differences between the sounds he or she has heard since birth and the sounds he or she has never heard yet." Thibaut says the best time to expose children to language is from birth to 3 years old. For the last 30 years, the school has been using what it calls the Thibarut Technique, a system that combines language lessons with child's play. "I always wanted to learn Spanish, but by the time I got to high school it was too late to pick it up and speak fluently," said Marc Lazare, who enrolled his son at the school. "I figured at this age, two, it's a perfect time for him to learn." Aside from learning a language, the kids also gain a tremendous sense of confidence. One young student boasted that aside from French, she can speak five languages (though that included "monkey" and "lion"). The school gives children the tools to communicate, and sometimes that gives them an advantage over their parents. "I think they sometimes speak French when they think I won't understand them," said parent Foster Gibbons. Depending on the age group, classes run from 45 minute up to 2 hours. Even when students are not in class, the program is designed to make sure the learning continues at home. Tapes and books are included so kids can practice on their own.
单选题Second, interactivity: readers can adjust how they look at web pages, they can respond immediately to what they are reading, and we can quickly react to ______.
单选题—I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.
—Oh! I ______.
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单选题The campaign staged by both BMW and Renault are to market
单选题Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries, ______ the time when we
were drinking it strong and black, without sugar.
A. during
B. for
C. before
D. since
单选题—Why dont we take a little break? —Didnt we just have ______ ? A．it B．that C．one D．this
单选题(From the airplane), passengers are (able) (to clearly see) the outline (of) the whole island.A. From the airplaneB. ableC. to clearly seeD. of
单选题Not long ______ she registered a new number, she received five calls in one day.
单选题To such an extent ______ his empty speech that some of us began to doze. A. did he go on with B. he would go on with C. he went on with D. he did go on with
单选题Woman: Some people know a lot more than they tell.Man: Unfortunately the reverse is also true.Question: What does the man imply?A. Some people tend to conceal the truth.B. Some people are prone to tell lies.C. Some people are dishonest.D. Some people tell a lot more than they know.
单选题Inductive reasoning involves making useful generalization about the environment as a whole, based on a necessarily limited number of observations. As so, it is an important tool that people use to build the models of reality they need to function effectively. While conclusions can be wrong if observations are faulty or are drawn from an unrepresentative sample, if properly used, it can be incredibly powerful. A. as a whole B. As so C. use to D. While
单选题On August 18th the president announced a general______for political exiles.
单选题- Have you read the novel? - Yes. I ______ it three times while I was in university. A. had read B. read C. have read D. was reading
单选题Although no one is Certain why migration occurs, there are several theories. One theory is based upon the premise that prehistoric birds of the northen Hemisphere were forced south during the Ice Age, when glaciers covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. As the glaciers melted, the birds came back to their homelands, spent the summer, and then went south again as the ice advanced in winter In time, the migration became a habit, and now, although the glaciers have disappeared, the habit continues. Another theory proposes that the ancestral home of all modern birds was the tropics. When the region became overpopulated, many species were crowded north. During the summer, there was plenty of food, but during the winter, scarcity forced them to return to the tropics. A more recent theory, known as photoperiodism, suggests a relationship between increasing daylight and the stimulation of certain glands in the birds bodies that may prepare them for migration. One scientist has been able to cause midwinter migrations by exposing birds to artificial periods of daylight. He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
Like the body, the memory improves with
use. Unlike the body, the memory can improve with age. For many
years, doctors have been studying the way the brain works. We all know that the
brain has two sides, the left and the right. The right side controls the senses
(seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling), and is the creative and
imaginative side. The left side of the brain controls our logical thinking. It
processes the information which comes in, and puts it into order. We call the
left side the "educated" side of the brain and generally, in western societies,
people have developed this side of the brain more than the right side.
Scientists believe that our brain will work much more efficiently if both
the right side and the left side are developed equally. In many schools today,
teachers try to educate the children in such a way that both sides of the brain
are used. This can be done with logical subjects including mathematics and
science as well as with creative subjects such as art and literature. The result
achieved by students who are educated in this way is usually better than the
result of students who are educated in a more traditional way. Traditional
teaching tends to exercise the left side of the brain without paying very much
attention to the development of the right side. Great thinkers
such as Bertand Russell the philosopher, and Albert Einstein, the scientist,
only in their work, but also in creative and imaginative activities. It was
because of their many different interests in life that they were able to achieve
the full development of both sides of their brain. As long as
Einstein and Russell lived, their brains functioned efficiently. It was their
bodies, finally, which could not go on any
longer.
单选题As soon as I entered the room, I could______something had gone wrong with the old couple.
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单选题While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time ______ some important
museums and buildings.
A. visiting
B. traveling
C. watching
D. touring
单选题He's not ______ to learn German in six months.
单选题According to Schlesinger, the United States is ______.
单选题A hundred years ago, the game we now call football did not exist. American football started during a game between two colleges. The teams had got together to play what they called "football", but each team played by different rules. One team played what we now call soccer. The other played what we now call rugby (橄榄球).
Both games had been invented a thousand years before. In the first kind of football game ever played, all the men from one village tried to kick a ball into another village. The men of the second village tried to kick the ball into the first. Hundreds of people joined in, running everywhere, running crops and knocking down fences. In time, people agreed on some rules to keep order, but many rules were left open to change. Different rules developed in different places.
When the two colleges met to play football, each followed its own rules. They mixed the games together and invented a new game. A hundred years later we call that game American football.
In what ways do you suppose the game we know now will have changed in another hundred years?
单选题A. die B. diet C. diary D. diamond
单选题______ a rigid, unidirectional mode of demystification which saw all such other modes as subsidiary and peripheral, it began to see all alternatives to its mode of demystification as conspiracies against human good.
单选题Text 1 Ideas about "spoiling" children have always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling; They have always included concepts of a child's nature and concept of the ideal child and the ideal adult. The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early "maternal associations" struggled to uphold the ideas about child raising that had been prevalent in the 18th century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptations of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin. At first, the only approach these mothers knew was to "break the will" of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote, "No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition however sweet it appears". Infant depravity, by which was meant the child's impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitted implicitly to parental guidance. In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the father's order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say "Dear Mama", and had been left alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one such trial of "will", the child became permanently submissive. In passing, we can note that knowledge about a child's "No" period might have moderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the adage "spare the rod and spoil the child" . By fleeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness, and society. These moral principles, fixed in the child's character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.
单选题
单选题What kind of food had the author certainly not tasted during the war?
单选题After that sagging barn collapsed, the farmer burned it down.
单选题—When were your legs injured?—It was on a Sunday last month______my father and I spent our holiday at the seaside.
单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}}
If you see a diamond ring on the fourth
finger of a woman's left hand, you probably know what it means: in America, this
has long been the digit of choice for betrothal jewelry, and the lore of the
trade traces the symbolism back to ancient times. But if you see a diamond ring
on the fourth finger of a woman's right hand, you may or may not know that it
signifies an independent spirit, or even economic empowerment and changing
gender mores. "A lot of women have disposable income," Katie Couric said
recently on the "Today" show after showing viewers her Change right-hander.
"Why wait for a man to give her a diamond ring?" This
notion may be traced back, approximately, to September. That's when the Diamond
Information Center began a huge marketing campaign aimed at articulating the
meaning of right-hand rings-and thus a rationale for buying them. "Your
left hand says 'we' ," the campaign declares. "Your right hand says 'me'
." The positioning is brilliant: the wearer may be married or unmarried and may
buy the ring herself or request it as a gift. And while it can take years for a
new jewelry concept to work itself thoroughly into the mainstream, the
tight-band ring already has momentum. At the higher end of the
scale, the jewelry maker Kwiat, which supplies stores like Saks, offers a line
of Kwiat Spirit Rings that can retail for as much as ＄5, 000, and "we're selling
it faster than we're manufacturing it," says Bill Gould, the company's chief of
marketing. At the other end of the stale, mass-oriented retailers that often
take a wait-and-see attitude have already jumped on the bandwagon.
Firms like Kwiat were given what Gould calls "direction" from the Diamond
information Center about the new ring's attributes-multiple diamonds in a
north-south orientation that distinguishes it from the look of an engagement
ring, and so on. But all this is secondary to the newly minted meaning. "The
idea," Morrison says, "is that beyond a trend, this could become a sort of
cultural imperative." A tall order? Well, bear in mind that "a
diamond is forever" is not a saying handed down from imperial Rome. It was
handed down from an earlier generation of De Beers marketers. Joyce Jonas, a
jewelry appraiser and historian, notes that De Beers, in the 40's and 50's, took
advantage of a changing American class structure to turn diamond rings into an
(attainable) symbol for the masses. By now, Jonans observes, the stone alone "is
just a commodity" . And this, of course, is what makes its invented significance
more Crucial than ever.
单选题In the Americans' minds, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will______stiffen and their mariner will become cool.(2011年南京师范大学考博试题)
单选题I work as an office assistant in a small but growing garden equipment manufacturing company in California. A few months ago, my boss gave me the job of writing some sales letters which would be sent to the existing customers of our company. The objective was to get some of our existing customers to purchase a new product that our company had just launched. Now, I had never written sales letters before in my life and had no idea of how to writ even the first word. And even if I ended up writing a few lines, because I was so inexperience, chances were that the sales letters and business letters, would bomb completely and would hardly generate any sales for our company. So, in order to learn how to create more effective sales letter I went to the Internet and looked up a few sites which were selling samples, templates and examples of sales letters that claimed would "increase sales by 10 000% ". Because they weren't too expensive, I bought 2 such packages. Big mistake. I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! So I searched some more, and came across a site belonging to a person living in Maryland called Yanik Silver. He too was selling some templates and samples of sales letters and business letters. After having been duped with 2 such packages, I was naturally suspicious. I read through his site and found that he was offering a money back guarantee. While that made me feel a bit more comfortable, I first had to determine whether this person would be around to honor the guarantee should I want to return the package. So I sent an email to him(just to test whether he replies to customers' emails)and I got a reply from him within 4 hours. I also saw a comment in his site by one of his customers who had actually got a refund from him as soon as he had asked for the refund. Feeling more comfortable, I decided to go ahead and buy the package that he was selling. Well, I was blown away! The samples, examples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in his package were precisely the ones that I was looking for. And they were far, far better than any of the templates included in the 2 other packages I had bought. I quickly customized one of the sales letter templates to fit my needs, had it approved by my boss, and sent them over to our customers. Within 2 weeks from the time that I sent out the letter, about 36% of the customers who received the letter ended up buying our new product. You could say that my boss was impressed with what I had done! Since then, I have written quite a few sales letters for our company(simply by customizing the templates included in Yank's package)and all of them have generated excellent sales for us. So, if you want to learn how to write sales letters that get the sale, I highly recommend Yanik's package.
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Ben Mickle, Matt Edwards, and Kshipra
Bhawalkar looked as though they had just emerged from a minor auto wreck. The
members of Duke University's computer programming team had solved only one
problem in the world finals of the International Collegiate Programming Contest
in San Antonio on Apr. 12. The winning team, from Saratov State
University in Russia, solved six puzzles over the course of the grueling
five-hour contest. Afterward, Duke coach Owen Astrachan tried to cheer up his
team by pointing out that they were among "the best of the best" student
programmers in the world. Edwards, 20, still distraught, couldn't resist a
self-deprecating dig: "We're the worst of the best of the best."
Duke wasn't the only U.S. school to be skunked (因得分不够而被淘汰)at the
prestigious computing contest. Of the home teams, only Massachusetts Institute
of Technology ranked among the 12 highest finishers. Most top spots were seized
by teams from Eastern Europe and Asia. Until the late 1990s, U. S. teams
dominated these contests. But the tide has turned. Last year not one was in the
top dozen. The poor showings should serve as a wake-up call for
government, Industry, and educators. The output of American computer science
programs is plummeting, even while that of Eastern European and Asian schools is
rising. China and India, the new global tech powerhouses, are fueled by 900 000
engineering graduates of all types each year, more than triple the number of
U.S. grads. Computer science is a key subset of engineering. "If our talent base
weakens, our lead in technology, business ,and economics will fade faster than
any of us can imagine," warns Richard Florida, a professor at George Mason
University. Software programmers are the seed corn of the
Information Economy, yet America isn't producing enough. The Labor Dept.
forecasts that "computer/math scientist" jobs, which include programming, will
increase by 40%, from 2.5 million in 2002 to 3.5 million in 2012. Colleges
aren't keeping up with demand. A 2005 survey of freshmen showed that just 1.1%
planned to major in computer science, down from 3.7% in 2000.
For young Americans, a computing career isn't the draw even a few years ago.
Never mind that experienced programmers make upwards of $100000 and that the
brainiest of them are the objects of heated bidding wars. Students fear that if
they become programmers they'll lose their jobs to counterparts in India and
China. Analysts say those worries are overblown: Programmers with leadership and
business skills will do just fine. But the message isn't getting through. Then
there's the thrill factor, or lack thereof. Given the opportunity to make a mint
on Wall Street or land a comfortable academic job, many math and science
students are turning away from software. "I couldn't really get excited about
sitting in front of a computer and just writing programs," says Duke junior
Brandon Levin, who has taken computer courses but is majoring in math and plans
a career in academia.
单选题She said she would work it out herself, ______ ask me for help．A．and not toB．but notC．and prefer notD．rather than
单选题
单选题The boy spent as much time watching TV as he ______ studying. A) does B) had C) was D) did
单选题Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively " Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain"s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture.
However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests_ upon two related
premises:
first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major recitations, the second is far more problematic.
What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly,Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important and undeniable differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.
However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness. A strong interest in polities and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models were not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.
单选题They were all tired, but ______ of them would stop to take a rest A．any B．some C．none D．neither
单选题In Redwood City, police can hear gunfire within ______.
单选题This is one of those cars that ______ in the accident. A．is damaged B．are damaged C．was damaged D．were damaged
单选题The traffic lights were red when the driver reached them. To the surprise of his passenger, the car did not slow down. Unexpectedly the passenger was thrown forward in the vehicle as the driver put on his brakes at the last moment. The car stopped just in time. "Sorry, I didn’t notice the light. I thought it was green until I saw that it was the top light which was shining." This strange story is quite tree. About ten men in every hundred are color blind in some way, women are luckier — only about one in two hundred suffers from color blindness. In some cases, a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all the same as green. People often like one color more than others. Blue is the color of the sky and sea. Careen makes us think of fields and trees. Red is the color of blood and makes some people think of danger. Black is the color of night. In the dark we cannot see what is around us so we are sometimes afraid of the unknown and do not like black as a color.
单选题On the one hand, he was highly praised by his teachers, but blamed by some of his classmates______.
单选题He has such a fierce dog______no one dares to go near his house. A. as B. which C. that D. while
单选题{{B}}D{{/B}}
Do you want to live another 100 years
or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to
last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human
life span. "I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生), "said
Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two
books on the future. "I think by 2075 we will see it and that's a conservative
estimate (保守的估计)." At the conference in San Francisco, Donald
Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in
using genes as well as nanotechnology (纳米技术) make it likely that humans will bye
in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push
so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested
that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years."
However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say
the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Even with
healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs
will finally lead all humans to death. Scientists also differ on
what kind of life the super aged might live. "It remains to be seen if you pass
120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said
Leonard Pooh, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology. Centre. "At
present people who could get to that point are not in good health at
all."
单选题The reason ______ he explained was not ______ ! expected.
单选题There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt. He got off the car and walked to the nearest house. He wanted to telephone the garage for help. The door was opened by one of his patients. "Oh, Doctor," she said, "l have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly in deed. There has been a very bad accident on the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help./
单选题It is requested that the rent for the house______in advance.
单选题"Wanted by the FBI." To the murderer, or the bank robber, these are the most frightening words in the world. When the criminal (罪犯) hears them, he knows that six thousand trained persons are after him. Why should he be so afraid? There are hundreds of cities and thousands of villages where he can hide. There are large forests and deserts where he can lose himself. Besides, he's usually rich with stolen money. Money can make it easier to hide. With money, the criminal can pay a dishonest doctor to operate on his face and make him hard to recognize. Money can pay for a hideout in some far-off place. But the criminal knows what happened to public enemies such as John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, and Machine Gun Kelly. They had plenty of money and good hideouts. Yet one by one they were found by the men of the FBI. They know every trick the criminal knows and many more. If he makes just one mistake, they'll get him. That's why the man who is hunted can't sleep. That's why he becomes nervous, why he jumps at every sound. When he makes a mistake, he'll no longer be "wanted by the FBI". He'll have been caught. The FBI began on May 10, 1924. Attorney General Harlan F. Stone chose J. Edgar Hoover, a young lawyer in the Department of Justice, to head the new agency (机构). "What we need is a wholly new kind of police force," he said. "Criminals today are smart. They use stolen cars and even planes to make their gateways. They have learned to open any lock. The criminal would have discovered science. We can't beat them with old methods. We have to train officers to work scientifically." J. Edgar Hoover quietly went ahead with his plans. He picked his men carefully. They had to be between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-five. He wanted only men with good manners and good character. When working as his officers they would have to meet all kinds of people. Hoover wanted men who could handle a teacup as well as a gun. He chose men so carefully that he made the FBI the hardest service in the world to get into. The FBI cannot help in every police problem. It can look into only certain crimes against the government. Solving all other crimes is the duty of local police forces.
单选题David Landes, author of The
Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor
, credits the world"s economic and social progress over the last thousand years to "Western civilization and its dissemination". The reason, he believes, is that Europeans invented systematic economic development. Landes adds that three unique aspects of culture were crucial ingredients in Europe"s economic growth.
First, science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constraints of organized religion and from the political constraints of centralized authority. Though Europe lacked a political center, its scholars benefited from the use of a single vehicle of communication: Latin. This common tongue facilitated an adversarial discourse in which new ideas about the physical world could be tested, demonstrated, and then accepted across the continent and eventually across the world.
Second, Landes espouses a generalized form of Max Weber"s thesis that the values of work, initiative, and investment made the difference for Europe. Despite his emphasis on science, Landes does not stress the notion of rationality as such. In his view, "what counts is work, thrift, honesty, patience, and tenacity." The only route to economic success for individuals or states is working hard, spending less than you earn, and investing the rest in productive capacity. This is his fundamental explanation of the problem posed by his book"s subtitle: "Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor". For historical reasons—an emphasis on private property, an experience of political pluralism, a temperate climate, an urban style—Europeans have, on balance, followed those practices and therefore have prospered.
Third, and perhaps most important, Europeans were learners. They "learned rather greedily", as Joel Mokyr put it in a review of Landes"s book. Even if Europeans possessed indigenous technologies that gave them an advantage (spectacles, for example), as Landes believes they did, their most vital asset was the ability to assimilate knowledge from around the world and put it to use—as in borrowing the concept of zero and rediscovering Aristotle"s Logic from the Arabs and taking paper and gunpowder from the Chinese via the Muslim world. Landes argues that a systematic resistance to learning from other cultures had become the greatest handicap of the Chinese by the eighteenth century and remains the greatest handicap of Arab countries today.
Although his analysis of European expansion is almost nonexistent, Landes does not argue that Europeans were beneficent bearers of civilization to a benighted world. Rather he relies on his own commonsense law: "When one group is strong enough to push another around and stands to gain by it, it will do so." In contrast to the new school of world historians, Landes believes that specific cultural values enabled technological advances that in turn made some Europeans strong enough to dominate people in other parts of the world. Europeans therefore proceeded to do so with great viciousness and cruelty. By focusing on their victimization in this process, Landes holds, some postcolonial states have wasted energy that could have been put into productive work and investment, if one could sum up Landes"s advice to these states in one sentence, it might be "Stop whining and get to work." This is particularly important, indeed hopeful, advice, he would agree, because success is not permanent. Advantages are not fixed, gains from trade are equal, and different societies react differently to market signals. Therefore, not only is there hope for undeveloped countries, but developed countries have little cause to be complacent, because the current situation "will press hard" on them.
The thrust of studies like Landes"s is to identify those distinctive features of European civilization that lie behind Europe"s rise to power and the creation of modernity more generally. Other historians have placed a greater emphasis on such features as liberty, individualism, and Christianity. In a review essay, the art historian Craig Clunas listed some of the less well known linkages that have been proposed between Western culture and modernity, including the propensities to think quantitatively, enjoy pornography, and consume sugar. All such proposals assume the fundamental aptness of the question: What elements of European civilization led to European success? It is a short leap from this assumption to outfight triumphalism. The paradigmatic book of this school is, of course,
The End of History and the Last Man
, in which Francis Fukuyarna argues that after the collapse of Nazism in the twentieth century, the only remaining model for human organization in the industrial and communications ages is a combination of market economics and limited, pluralist, democratic government.
单选题A lot of people are their own enemies. They regard themselves as unlikely to succeed in college and often feel that there have been no accomplishments in their lives. In my first year of college especially, I saw people
get themselves down
all too quickly. There were two students in my class who failed the first test and seemed to give up immediately. From that day on, they walked into the classroom carrying defeat on their shoulders the way other students carried textbooks under their arms.
Both students hang on until about mid-term.
When they disappeared for good, no one took much notice, for they had already disappeared in spirit after that first test.
They are not the only people in whom I have seen the self-doubt do its work. I have really wanted to shake them by the shoulders and say, "You are not dead. Be proud and pleased that you have brought yourself here to college. Be someone. Breathe. Hope. Act. "Such people should not use self-doubts as an excuse for not trying. They should pull themselves together and get to work.
They should start taking notes in class and trying to learn. Above all, they should not give up without even trying.
单选题______ she is living now is not known to anybody.A. WhetherB. WhenC. WhereD. Why
单选题One difficulty has been solved. But another one will ______. A. arise B. rise C. arouse D. arose
单选题
单选题The doctors tried their best to save the patient's life, ______ failed. A. or B. so C. but D. because
单选题He is quite sure that its ______ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days. A． roughly B． exclusively C． fully D． absolutely
单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four texts. Answer
the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points){{B}}Text 1{{/B}}
I don't know if there's something in
the water, but my town has exploded with tons of single people! Just last year,
practically the only eligibles I knew were my divorced friend Patti, my bud
Fulgencio, hubby Rick's barfly pat Craig, and Jimmy the pizza delivery guy. But
now, I find-out that my cousin Michelle is leaving her second husband, and a
recent chit-chat with my building's manager Sandy revealed that she hasn't had a
serious relationship in almost five years! Besides that, at least five suspected
singletons have moved into my building since June. Five! For an
incurable romantic like me, this is heartbreaking. People are meant to have
sweeties! I feel so sorry for single people. How can they bear going through
life alone? I know a lot of them put up. that "independent" front, or use that
"I'm just waiting for the right person" defense, but they're kidding themselves.
Why would anyone turn up her nose at the prospect of a beautiful wedding, a
gorgeous bridal gown, and a stunning rock on her finger? She wouldn't. Why would
anyone shake a stick at a warm dinner every night, a comfortable home, and a
beautiful bride? It just isn’t rational. And I don't like to be harsh, but
frankly, it's depressing to see singles out in public. When I see a girl
shopping for groceries by herself, or a solitary guy reading while he waits for
a bus, I can't help but sense the hollowness that single person feels inside.
I'm partially psychic, so I'm aware of other people's inner feelings.
Well, this Valentine's Day, I'm not going to be selfish. People like me,
people in successful, lasting relationships, are duty-bound to share their
romantic wisdom with the less fortunate. Granted, it's been a while since I've
been on the dating Scene, so my chops are a bit rusty. In fact, hubby Rick is
just about the only guy I've ever dated (Unless you count my pick for the Sadie
Hawkins dance in seventh grade, Jordy DeVoe, who ditched me after about 15
minutes. Or this Oriental kid named Thant who wrapped love notes around
lunchroom cookies and slipped them into my locker in ninth grade.) But Rick and
I have been married nearly 20 years, so I must be doing something right. Dry
those tears, Singletons! Pull your-selves together and listen to Wifey Jean. If
you follow my advice, I'll bet you dollars to donuts that you'll find your
Prince Charming, or Princess Enchanting, in no
time!
单选题Laura felt her children shouldn't live the old way when she was
单选题CONNOTATIVE meaning and SOCIAL meaning are two of the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech.
单选题Exercise cart affect our outlook on life, and it can also help us get rid of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise ______.
单选题It's expected that the new highway______completed by next July.
单选题People' s attitudes toward reformers are quite______they had always been.
单选题The drugstore was originally A
what
the name implies, a store B
which
drugs and medicines C
prescribed by
your doctor were dispensed by D
the neighborhood
druggist.
单选题You ______ engage in serious debate or discussion unless you are
willing to endure attacks.
A. have better not
B. had better not
C. have better not to
D. had better not to
单选题Woman: I hear you've got the highest marks in our class. Congratulations! Man: Thank you. I'm sure you've also done a good job. Question: Who are the speakers?
单选题The author means to tell us that ______.
单选题As the Big Three automakers seek a $25 billion federal government bailout to avoid financial collapse, angst is rising among the auto behemoths" suppliers, and in the communities they support.
On Monday, an auto industry consulting firm, Planning Perspectives Inc., reported that 68% of participants in a survey of executives for industry suppliers said their companies would have to downsize if General Motors declared bankruptcy, while 12% said their businesses would likely close or would definitely do so. In the Midwest alone, some 275,000 jobs would be lost as a result of a GM bankruptcy. "If they go into bankruptcy, it"s going to have a catastrophic effect on businesses across the board," says John W. Henke Jr., president of PPI, based in Birmingham, Mich.
Amid the economic downturn, Americans are buying fewer new cars and light-trucks, or even used cars. In recent weeks, GM announced a third-quarter loss of $2.5 billion. And the major automakers have stirred a vigorous debate over how much, if at all, the federal government should be involved in rescuing yet another ailing industry.
Much of the automakers" argument hinges on the notion that the collapse of any of the key industry players would aggravate an already troubled economy. Fully one-third of automotive industry suppliers were deemed at risk of bankruptcy, according to a study earlier this year by Grant Thornton, a Southfield, Michigan, consulting firm. If General Motors files for bankruptcy, it will further impede its ability to pay its suppliers in full, on time. Many suppliers are already burdened with debt. So the extra burden will likely destroy suppliers" operating budgets—and, in turn, cripple their ability to deliver goods to surviving automakers.
Experts say the suppliers most vulnerable to collapse are those whose businesses are heavily dependent on the ailing U.S. automakers, or on raw materials for which rising costs cannot be easily passed onto the automakers. Kimberly Rodriguez, automotive industry analyst at Grant Thornton, says concern about how suppliers will be impacted is justified. "It"s not hype. It"s huge."
To understand how the angst is playing out, consider Tipton, Ind., population barely 5,000. In April 2007, the German manufacturer Getrag LLC announced it would build a $455 million plant about an hour"s drive north of Indianapolis. The plant"s sole purpose was to build energy-efficient transmissions for Chrysler. The plant would inject some 1,200 new jobs into a state whose economy is both ailing and heavily dependent on the automotive industry. Townsfolk talked of a new hotel, a new fast-food restaurant. Earlier this month, however, Getrag announced that the entity established to build the Tipton plant would file for bankruptcy and that the plant would not open, mainly because Chrysler backed out of its agreement.
Meanwhile, some people in the industry have been calling and e-mailing their Congressional representatives, urging them to support a bailout for the major automakers. The consequences of a bankruptcy declaration from either of the Big Three, Rodriguez fears, are just too severe. "It"d kill us," he says.
单选题Much as______, I couldn't lend him the money because I simply didn't have that much spare cash with me.
单选题I was about to leave my house ______ the phone rang.A. whileB. whenC. asD. after
单选题Players will be ______ against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day. A. trifled B. wreathed C. instigated D. pitted
单选题Which of the following represents the author's view about the American culture?
单选题You will see this product ______ wherever you go. A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising
单选题Im sorry I cant express ______ in English well. A．me B．mine C．I D．myself
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
The flying fox is not a fox at all. It
is an extra large bat that has got a fox's head, and that feeds on fruit instead
of insects. Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when it
rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one spot
for years. Some- times several hundreds of them occupy(占据) a single tree. As
they return to the tree toward sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight
for the best places until long after daylight. Flying foxes have
babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has
to carry the baby On her breast wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging
up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby falls down to the
ground and squeaks((尖叫) for help. Then the older ones swoop (俯冲) down and try to
pick it Up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of dead baby bats
can be found lying on the ground at the foot of a
tree.
单选题The word "acquiesce" probably mean ______.
单选题The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only______by a river.
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
In a perfectly free and open market
economy, the type of employer—government or private—should have little or no
impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is
discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination
by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree
of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the
type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems
most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one
would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government
employment would have a positive effect on women's earnings as compared with
their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support
this assumption. Fuchs' results suggest that the earnings of women in an
industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater
than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private
employees, other things being equal. In addition, both Fuchs and
Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the
earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either
government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women
employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male
and female workers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories:
private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were
excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were
the result of racial disparities.) Brown's research design controlled for
education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to
eliminate these factors as explanations of the study's results. Brown's results
suggest that men and women are not treated the came by employers and consumers.
For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private
employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is
reversed. One can infer from Brown's results that consumers
discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may
have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter
discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
Brown's results are clearly consistent with Fuchs' argument that
discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than
does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact
the women do better working for government than for private employers implies
that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not
prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however,
demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its
discriminating is not having as much effect on women's earnings as is
discrimination in the private sector.
单选题Not only he but also we ______ right. He as well as we ______ right. A) are; are B) are; is C) is; is D) is; are
单选题I have absolutely no______of ever meeting him before.
单选题Archimedes was a famous Greek mathematician and scientist. He was born around 287 BC and he died in the year 212 BC. Archimedes is most well-known for one specific idea that he came up with. "Archimedes's Principle" states that a solid object which is immersed in a liquid is pushed up by a force which is equal to the weight of the water that the object moves. For example, if you put a piece of wood and a piece of gold the same size in water, only the wood will float. Both the wood and gold move the same amount of water, but the wood weighs less than this water, while the gold weighs more. It is believed that Archimedes discovered this principle when the king of Syracuse asked him to solve a problem. The king wanted to know if his crown was pure gold or a mixture of gold and silver. The king, of course, did not melt his crown to find out. The idea came to Archimedes as he lowered himself into his bath. He noticed how the water spilled out of the tub. He decided to use the same idea for the crown. He knew that a gold crown immersed in water would weigh more than one made of silver. The experiment was done and the goldsmith was proved guilty of trying to cheat the king.
单选题The government is trying to do something to ______ better understanding between two countries
单选题As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ______ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.
单选题In recent months, RAND researchers have teamed up with a dozen Los Angeles lunch trucks to test healthier menu items—chicken breasts and grilled fish alongside the usual tacos and hamburgers. The results have been modest but promising. The healthy meals were never best-sellers, but they did well enough that a majority of the truck owners plan to keep them on the menu.
That"s important, because the trucks tend to serve working-class Latino communities, where obesity rates are high and healthy food can be scarce, leading researcher Deborah Cohen said. "It"s important that the providers are offering these meals," she said. "I think what we showed is that it"s completely feasible."
Cohen has spent years arguing that restaurants, grocery stores and other food outlets should take more responsibility for the nation"s obesity epidemic, and more action to stop it. More than one-third of U. S. adults are obese, according to federal statistics, adding billions of dollars to the nation"s health care costs each year.
A lunch truck may seem like an unlikely testing ground for healthy menu items, the four-wheel equivalent of a fast-food joint. But most are morn-and-pop operations where cooks make food by hand, using fresh ingredients and often for underserved communities. Cohen called them a "good lab."
These aren"t the trendy food trucks that have started to sell fusion tacos and reimagined grilled cheese to hip, young urbanites. These have been part of blue-collar Los Angeles for generations, where they"re known as loncheras, after the Spanglish word lonche, for lunch.
Working with a $ 275,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health, RAND researchers enlisted nearly 20 loncheras for a six-month trial they named "La Comida Perfecta," or "The Perfect Meal" About a third of the truck owners later dropped out, leaving 12 who worked with a nutritionist, created their own healthy meals, and then put them on the menu.
The six-month pilot program didn"t yield big sales numbers at most trucks, but it did yield some valuable insight into the challenges, big and small, of changing food habits, the researchers said. Truck operators had trouble swapping out their corn tortillas for whole wheat, for example, and their Latino customers especially didn"t care for the brown rice that replaced their traditional Mexican rice. Nearly half of the truck customers were regulars, surveys found, and most knew what they wanted without even looking at the menu. In poorer neighborhoods and blue-collar work sites, that was usually a couple of $1 tacos, not a $7 plate with fruit and salad.
单选题Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______. A. taking B. took C. taken D. take
单选题We were late as usual. My husband had
1
watering the flowers in the garden by himself, and when he discovered that he couldn"t manage, he asked me for
2
at the last moment. So now we had only one hour to get to the airport. Luckily, there were not many cars
3
buses on the road and we were
4
to get there just in time. We checked in and went straight to a big hall to wait for our flight to be called. We waited and waited
5
no announcement was made. We asked for
6
and the girl there told us the plane hadn"t even arrived yet. In the end, there came an announcement telling us that those
7
for flight No. 108 could get a free meal voucher and that the plane hadn"t left Spain
8
technical problems. We thought that meant
9
it wasn"t safe for the plane to
10
. We waited again for a long time until late evening when we were asked to report again. This time we were
11
free vouchers to spend the night in a nearby hotel.
The next morning after a
12
night because of all the planes taking off and landing, we were reported back to the airport. Guess
13
had happened while we were asleep. Our plane had arrived and taken off again. All the other
14
had been waken up in the night to catch the plane, but for some reasons or other we had been
15
. You can imagine how we felt!
单选题Avoid the rush-hour' must be the slogan of large cities the world over. If it is, it's a slogan no one takes the least notice of. Twice a day, with predictable regularity, the pot boils over. Wherever you look it's people, people, people. The trains which leave or arrive every few minutes are packed: an endless procession of human sardine tins. The streets are so crowded, there is hardly room to move on the pavements. The queues for buses reach staggering proportions. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill. Even when a bus does at last arrive, it's so full, it can't take any more passengers. This whole crazy system of commuting stretches man's resources to the utmost. The smallest unforeseen event can bring about conditions of utter chaos. A power-cut, for instance, an exceptionally heavy snowfall or a minor derailment must always make city-dwellers realise how precarious the balance is. The extraordinary thing is not that people put up with these conditions, but that they actually chose them in preference to anything else. Large modern cities are too big to control. They impose their own living condition on the people who inhabit them. City-dwellers are obliged by their environment to adopt a wholly unnatural way of life. They lose touch with the land and rhythm of nature. It is possible to live such an air-conditioned existence in a large city that you are barely conscious of the seasons. A few flowers in a public park (if you have the time to visit it) may remind you that it is spring or summer. A few leaves clinging to the pavement may remind you that it is autumn. Beyond that, what is going on in nature seems totally irrelevant. All the simple, good things of life like sunshine and fresh air are at a premium. Tall buildings block out the sun. Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere. Even the distinction between day and night is lost. The flow of traffic goes on unceasingly and the noise never stops. The funny thin about it all is that you pay dearly for the 'privilege' of living in a city. The demand for accommodation is so great that it is often impossible for ordinary people to buy a house of their own. Exorbitant rents must be paid for tiny flats which even country hens would disdain to live in. Accommodation apart, the cost of living is very high. Just about everything you buy is likely to be more expensive than it would be in the country. In addition to all this, city-dwellers live under constant threat. The crime rate in most cities is very high. House are burgled with alarming frequency. Cities breed crime and violence and are full of places you would be afraid to visit at night. If you think about it, they're not really fit to live in at all. Can anyone really doubt that the country is what man was born for and where he truly belongs?
单选题The freshmen will be Unotified/U regarding the college placement examination.
单选题Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radio activity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit. And if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can he irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
单选题Man: Just think I went through so much work on my paper only to get a Ｃ.Woman: Well, I don't think grades are everything. What you've learned in the process will prove useful in your future work.Question: What does the woman imply?
单选题An orator, whose purpose is to persuade men, must speak the things they wish to hear, an orator, whose purpose is to move men, must also avoid disturbing the emotional effect by any obtrusion of intellectual antagonism, but an author, whose purpose is to instruct men, who appeals to the intellect, must be careless of their opinions and think only of truth. It will often be a question when a man is or is not wise in advancing an unpalatable opinion, or in preaching heresies. But it can never be a question that a man should be silent if unprepared to speak the truth as he conceives it. Deference to popular opinion is one great source of bad writing and is all the more disastrous because the deference is paid to some purely hypothetical requirement. When a man fails to see the truth of certain generally accepted views, there is no law compelling him to provoke animosity by announcing his dissent. He may be excused if he shrink from the lurid glory of martyrdom. He may be justified in not placing himself in a position of singularity. He may even be commended for not helping to perplex mankind with doubts which he feels to be founded on limited and possibly erroneous investigation. But if allegiance to truth lays no stern command upon him to speak out his immature dissent, it does lay a stern command not to speak out hypocritical assent. There are many justifications of silence, there can be none of insincerity.
单选题During the Olympic Games, people from all over the world come together in peace and friendship. The first Olympic Games that we have (21) of were in Greece in 776 B.C. The games lasted one day. The only (22) in the first thirteen Olympic Games was a race. Men ran the length of the stadium. In 1896 the games were (23) again in Athens, Greece. The Greeks (24) a new stadium for the competition. 311 (25) from thirteen countries (26) in many events. The (27) became national heroes. After 1896, the games were held every four years during the summer in different cities around the (28) . In 1908, in London, England, the first gold (29) were given to winning athletes. The Olympic Winter Games (30) in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Athletes competed in (31) events such as skiing, ice skating and ice hockey. Today the Winter Games take place (32) four years. Until recently, Olympic competitors could not be (33) athletes. All of the athletes in the Olympic Games were amateurs. Today, (34) , many of the Olympic athletes are professionals who play their sports (35) money during the year. Some people disagree with this idea.
单选题{{B}}Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is
followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
A man once said how useless it was to
put advertisements in the newspapers. "Last week," said be, "my umbrella was
stolen from a London Church. As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in
advertising, but didn’t get it back." "How did you write your
advertisement?" asked one of the listeners, a merchant. "Here it
is," said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The
other man took it and read, "Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a
black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on
leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street." "Now," said the merchant, "I
often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an
advertisement is expressed is of great importance. Let us try for your umbrella
again, and if it fails, I'll buy you a new one." The merchant then took a slip
of paper out of his pocket and wrote: "If the man who was seen to take an
umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn’t wish to get into
trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known."
This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished
when he opened the front door. In the door way lay at least twelve umbrellas of
all sizes and colors that had been thrown in, and his own was among the number.
Many of them had notes, fastened to them saying that they had been taken by
mistake, and begging the loser not to say anything about the
matter.
单选题______the new fund-raising plan is approved, we will soon have more money to build the gymnasium.(四川大学2010年试题)
单选题The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert"s appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today"s live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener"s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert"s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different, more vibrant organization." But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra"s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America"s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.
单选题I have told him several times that these young pines ______ watering twice a week. A. require B. appeal C. demand D. request
单选题Time ______, we'll have a farewell party for John who is leaving next Monday.
单选题Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there"s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You"ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer. "
The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year ca-reer in the US Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all; What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn"t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn"t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn"t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test—even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.
单选题It is said that something was ______ way back when Enron CEO Jeffrey William departed the company only six months after being elevated to the post from CFO, but the president denied it last night.
单选题A translator with his eye on his readership is likely to
under-translate
, to use more general words in the interests of clarity, simplicity and sometimes brevity, which makes him " omit" to translate words altogether.
单选题Rarely ______ such a silly thing.
单选题Fire, the phenomenon of combustion A
as observed
in light, flame, and heat, B
it is
one of the C
basic
tools D
of mankind
.
单选题Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. (1) , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2) to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3) the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4) being classified as "English".Even in England there are many (5) in regional character and speech. The chief (6) is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7) going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8) there are local variations. Further north, regional speech is usually" (9) "than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10) to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11) They are openhearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12) . Northerners generally have hearty (13) : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14) at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15) a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound (16) by the letter "R" is generally a strong sound, and "R" is often pronounced in words in which it would be (17) in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18) inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19) as being more "fiery" than the English. They are (20) a race that is quite distinct from the English.
单选题
单选题
单选题Greg Focker, played by Ben Stiller, represents a generation of American kids (1) in the 1980s on the philosophy that any achievement, however slight, (2) a ribbon. (3) replaced punishment; criticism became a dirty word. In Texas, teachers were advised to (4) using red ink, the colour of (5) . In California, a task force was set up to (6) the concept of self worth into the education system. Swathing youngsters in a (7) shield of self-esteem, went the philosophy, would protect them from the nasty things in life, such as bad school grades, underage sex, drug abuse, dead-end jobs and criminality. (8) that the ninth-place ribbons are in danger of strangling the (9) children they were supposed to help. America's (10) with self-esteem--like all developments in psychology, it gradually (11) its way to Britain--has turned children who were (12) with (13) into adults who (14) at even the mildest brickbats. Many believe that the feel-good culture has risen at the (15) of traditional education, an opinion espoused in a new book, Dumbing Down Our Kids: Why American Children Feel Good About Themselves But Can't Read, Write, or Add, by the conservative commentator Charles Sykes. Not only that, but the foundations (16) which the self-esteem industry is built are being (17) as decidedly shaky. Roy Baumeister, professor of psychology at Florida State University and once a self-esteem enthusiast, is now (18) a revision of the populist orthodoxy. "After all these years, I'm sorry to say, my recommendation is this: forget, about self-esteem and (19) more on self-control and self-dlscipline," he wrote recently. "Recent work suggests this would be good for the individual and good for society--and might even be able to (20) some of those promises that self-esteem once made but could not keep./
单选题The law will go into ______ when the senator approves it.
单选题Any normal species would be delighted at the prospect of cloning. No more nasty surprises like sickle cell or Down syndrome--just batch after hatch of high-grade and, genetically speaking, immortal offspring! But representatives of the human species are responding as if someone had proposed adding Satanism to the grade-school Curriculum. Suddenly, perfectly secular folks are throwing around words like sanctity and retrieving medieval-era arguments against the pride of science. No one has proposed burning him at the stake, but the poor fellow who induced a human embryo to double itself has virtually recanted--proclaiming his reverence for human life in a voice, this magazine reported," choking with emotion." There is an element of hypocrisy to much of the anti-cloning furor, or if not hypocrisy, superstition. The fact is we axe already well down the path leading to genetic manipulation of the creepiest sort. Life-forms can be patented, which means they can be bought and sold and potentially traded on the commodities markets. Human embryos are life-forms, and there is nothing to stop anyone from marketing them now, on the same shelf with the Cabbage Patch dolls. In fact, any culture that encourages in vitro fertilization has no right to complain about a market in embryos. The assumption behind the in vitro industry is that some people's genetic material is worth more than others' and deserves to be reproduced at any expense. Millions of low-income babies die every year from preventable ills like dysentery, while heroic efforts go into maintaining yuppie zygotes in test tubes at the unicellular stage. This is the dread "nightmare" of eugenics in familiar, marketplace form--which involves breeding the best-paid instead of the best. Cloning technology is an almost inevitable byproduct of in vitro fertilization. Once you decide to go to the trouble of in vitro, with its potentially hazardous megadoses of hormones for the female partner and various indignities for the male, you might as well make a few backup copies of any viable embryo that's produced. And once you've got the backup organ copies, why not keep a few in the freezer, in case Junior ever needs a new kidney or cornea? The critics of cloning say we should know what we're getting into, with all its Orwellian implications. But if we decide to outlaw cloning, we should understand the implications of that. We would be saying in effect that we prefer to leave genetic destiny to the crap shooting Of nature, despite sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs and all the rest, because ultimately we don't trust the market to regulate life itself. And this may be the hardest thing of all to acknowledge, that it isn't so much 21st century technology we fear, as what will happen to that technology in the hands of old-fashioned 20th century capitalism.
单选题Many local citizens wrote to the mayor, complaining that the police were always failing to take adequate measures to______the growth in crime.
单选题The editor considered the author's analysis in his article to be {{U}}penetrating{{/U}}.
单选题I was extremely Uexasperated/U when I saw that my room was littered with wood shavings.
单选题
单选题For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the (56) of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel (57) to go to bed and pleased when the journey (58) . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed (59) earlier than usual. When I (60) my cabin, I was surprised (61) that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected (62) but there was a suitcase (63) mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet (64) , except that he was wearing (65) good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not (66) whoever he was and did not say (67) . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately. I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered (68) as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a (69) was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten (70) the door, so I got up (71) the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and (72) the moon shone through it on to the other bed. (73) there. It took me a minute or two to (74) the door myself. I realized that my companion (75) through the window into the sea.
单选题When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly 【C1】______than male managers? Some research【C2】______the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater【C3】______, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a 【C4】______to bring emotional factors to bear【C5】______making workplace decisions. These differences are【C6】______to carry advantages for companies, 【C7】______they expand the range of techniques that can be used to【C8】______the company manage its workforce【C9】______. A study commissioned by the International Women's Forum【C10】______a management style used by some women managers(and also by some men)that【C11】______from the command-and- control style【C12】______used by male managers. Using this " interactive leadership" approach, "women【C13】______participation, share power and information, 【C14】______other people's self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these 【C15】______reflect their belief that allowing【C16】______to contribute and to feel powerful and important is a win-win situation—good for the employees and the organization. "The study's director predicted that"interactive leadership may emerge as the management style of choice for many organizations. "
单选题Based on information in tile passage, the reader can conclude Violet's primary source of conflict stems from her ______.
单选题What is a knowledge worker? Knowledge workers are people who routinely use a computer in their work to enhance their productivity. She or he is the critical component in a computer system. A computer system is made up of people, using data and procedures to work with software and hardware components. It takes all five working together to produce results. Knowledge workers are white-collar professionals from many walks of life who have the following characteristics. They understand how to use a personal computer. They know how to work with computer-based information. They understand how the computer benefits their work and the business. They regard the computer as a productivity tool. Knowledge workers may be employed in a company of any size, large or small, at a wide range of tasks. They may be self-employed, working in their own office or at home. They may be sales representatives or managers who travel with a portable computer. Students are knowledge workers as well. Many of you may be preparing for a career in knowledge work in office automation, public relations, account supervision, social work, management, or a number of other occupations. Today, there are over 70 million knowledge workers in the United States, who generate nearly 2 trillion pieces of paper each year. These knowledge workers work 10 hours per week more than they did 10 years ago, and create over 15 billion new pieces of paper a year. According to a survey conducted by Industry Week magazine in 1990, 39 percent of U. S. management-level knowledge workers say paperwork is a problem. Further, USA Today reported in 1991 that the average knowledge worker has 36 hours of work stacked up on the desk. Clearly, the computer as a productivity tool must play an ever more important role in knowledge work and knowledge work itself is steadily assuming larger proportions. According to several worldwide studies, urban centers in Canada, the United States, Europe, and other developed areas are increasingly using computer technology and thus evolving knowledge-based cities. These knowledge-based cities are characterized by. (1) a concentration of scientists and engineers, (2) business, university, and governmental research activities, (3) a high degree of interaction between individuals and the various institutions, and (4) a positive image that attracts college graduates to knowledge work. Clearly, the decade of the 1990s and the new millennium that follows are an exciting time for knowledge work.
单选题(200l)My bother is looking forward to______a trip to Shanghai next month.
单选题
When you are near a lake or a river,
you feel cool. Why? The sun makes the earth hot, but it can't make the water
very hot. Although the air over the earth becomes hot, the air over the water
stays cool. The hot air over the earth rises. Then the cool air over the water
moves in and takes the place of the hot air. Then you feel the cool air and the
wind, which makes you cool. Of course, scientists can't answer
all of your questions. If we ask, "Why is the ocean full of salt?" scientists
will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold,
it cracks. Rain falls into the cracks. The rain then carries the salt into he
earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we
ask, "What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean doesn't get more slat
every year." Scientists are not sure about the answer to this
question. We know a lot about our world. But there are still
many answers that we do not have, and we are
curious.
单选题Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom. Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhausted since the cells' movements are restricted and their food requirements rather large. When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules. The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head. As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as "culmination." The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops into spores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released. The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell types — spore and stalk — is of great interest to developmental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays, experiments using DNA technology and fluorescent proteins or enzymes to label the prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies.
单选题Although no one is Certain why migration occurs, there are several theories. One theory is based upon the premise that prehistoric birds of the northen Hemisphere were forced south during the Ice Age, when glaciers covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. As the glaciers melted, the birds came back to their homelands, spent the summer, and then went south again as the ice advanced in winter In time, the migration became a habit, and now, although the glaciers have disappeared, the habit continues. Another theory proposes that the ancestral home of all modern birds was the tropics. When the region became overpopulated, many species were crowded north. During the summer, there was plenty of food, but during the winter, scarcity forced them to return to the tropics. A more recent theory, known as photoperiodism, suggests a relationship between increasing daylight and the stimulation of certain glands in the birds bodies that may prepare them for migration. One scientist has been able to cause midwinter migrations by exposing birds to artificial periods of daylight. He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
单选题Man: Look, the view is fantastic．Could you take a picture of me with the lake in the background? Woman: I'm afraid I just ran out of film. Question: What do we learn from the conversation?
单选题Didn't you see what the naughty boy______to our neighbor's pet dog?
单选题
单选题On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf, sitting still, ears ______, alert, listening.
单选题A new economics paper has some old-fashioned advice for people navigating the stresses of life: Find a spouse who is also your best friend. Social scientists have long known that
1
people tend to be happier, but they debate whether that is because marriage causes happiness or simply because happier people are more
2
to get married. The new paper,
3
by the National Bureau of Economic Research, controlled for pre-marriage happiness levels. It
4
that being married makes people happier and more satisfied
5
their lives than those who remain single—particularly during the most stressful periods, like
6
crises.
Even as fewer people are marrying, the disadvantages of remaining single have broad
7
. It"s important
8
marriage is increasingly a force behind inequality.
9
marriages are more common among educated, high-income people, and increasingly out of reach for those who are not. That divide appears to
10
not just people"s income and family stability, but also their happiness and stress levels.
A quarter of today"s young adults will have never married by 2030, which would be the highest
11
in modern history, according to Pew Research Center.
12
both remaining unmarried and divorcing are more common among less-educated, lower-income people.
13
, high-income people still marry at high rates and are less likely to divorce.
Those whose lives are most difficult could
14
most from marriage, according to the economists who wrote the new paper, John Helliwell and Shawn Grover. "Marriage may be most important when there is that stress in life and when things are going
15
," Mr. Grover said.
16
marital happiness long outlasted the honeymoon period.
17
some social scientists have argued that happiness levels are innate, so people return to their natural level of well-being
18
joyful or upsetting events, the researchers found that the benefits of marriage persist. One
19
for that might be the role of friendship within marriage. Those who
20
their spouse or partner to be their best friend get about twice as much life satisfaction from marriage as others, the study found.
单选题W: You haven't seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn't leave it in the reading room.M: Did you check that pile of journals you've borrowed from the library the other day?Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman? A. She couldn't have left her notebook in the library. B. She may have put her notebook amid the journals. C. She should have made careful notes while doing reading. D. She shouldn't have read his notes without his knowing it.
单选题They planned to go to Beijing for sightseeing, but because of their daughter's unexpected illness they had to stay at home ______.A. insteadB. reallyC. howeverD. though
单选题Regardless of their political affiliation, in all countries women must overcome a host of stumbling blocks that limit their political careers. "Most obstacles to progress consist of (1) of various kinds," says the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), a Geneva-based organization (2) 139 parliaments, including the lack of time, training, information, self-confidence, money, support, motivation, women's networks and solidarity between women. In every culture, prejudice and stereotypes (3) hard. The belief still holds (4) that women belong in the kitchen and (5) the children, not at election (6) or in the Speaker's chair. The media often reinforce traditional images of women, who, upon entering politics, also bear the brunt (正面冲击) of verbal and physical (7) . In impoverished (贫穷的) countries (8) by civil conflicts and deteriorating economic and social conditions, women are (9) by the tasks of managing everyday life and looking after their families. The IPU stresses the general lack of child-care facilities—often (10) a privileged few—the (11) of political parties to change the times and running of meetings and the weak backing women receive from their families. That support, which is (12) as well as financial, is (13) vital because women have internalized (14) images of themselves since the (15) of time and often suffer from low self-confidence. Another obstacle is the lack of financial resources, especially as election campaigns become increasingly expensive. (16) , women encounter more or less open machismo (男子汉的高傲) in the (17) of closed political circles (18) entry to the "second sex. " Lastly, they (19) the lack of solidarity between women, (20) by the fact that the number of available positions is limited.
单选题Auctions (拍卖) are public sales of goods, made by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd assembled in the auction room to make offers, or bids, for the various items on sale. He encouraged buyers to bid higher figures, and finally named the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called "knocking down" the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning "increase". The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war, these sales were called "sub hash", meaning "under the spear", a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth century, goods were often sold "by the candle": a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. Practically all goods whose qualities varied are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christie's and Sotheby's in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a "lot", is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer's services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.
单选题I say that not to persuade you, but merely to ______ my conscience.
A. revolve
B. relieve
C. retrieve
D. revive
单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Reading the following four texts.
Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers
on ANSWER SHEET 1. {{B}}Text 1{{/B}}
That low moaning sound in the
background just might be the Founding Fathers protesting from beyond the grave.
They have been doing it when George Bush, at a breakfast of religious leaders,
scorched the Democrats for failing to mention God in their platform and
declaimed that a President needs to believe in the Almighty. What about the
constitutional ban on "religious test(s)" for public office? the Founding
Fathers would want to know. What about Tom Jefferson's conviction that it is
Possible for a nonbeliever to be a moral person, "find (ing) incitements to
virtue in the comfort and pleasantness you feel in its exercise"? Even George
Washington must shudder in his sleep to hear the constant emphasis on "Judeo-
Christian values." It was he who wrote, "We have abundant reason to rejoice that
in this Land ... every person may here worship God according to the dictates of
his own heart." George Bush should know better than to encourage
the theocratic ambitions of the Christian right. The "wall of separation" the
Founding Fathers built between church and state is one of the best defenses
freedom has ever had. Or have we already forgotten why the Founding Fathers put
it up? They had seen enough religious intolerance in the colonies: {{U}}Quaker
women{{/U}} were burned at the stake in Puritan Massachusetts; Virginians could be
jailed for denying the Bible's authority. No wonder John Adams once described
the Judeo-Christian tradition as "the most bloody religion that ever existed,"
and that the Founding Fathers took such pains to keep the hand that holds the
musket separate from the one that carries the cross. There was
another reason for the separation of church and state, which no amount of pious
ranting can expunge: not all the Founding Fathers believed in the same God, or
in any God at all. Jefferson was a renowned doubter, urging his nephew to
"question with boldness even the existence of a God." John Adams was at least a
skeptic, as were of course the revolutionary firebrands Tom Paine and Ethan
Allen. Naturally, they designed a republic in which they themselves would have a
place. Yet another reason argues for the separation of church
and state. If the Founding Fathers had one overarching aim, it was to limit the
power not of the churches but of the state. They were deeply concerned, as Adams
wrote, that "government shall be considered as having in it nothing more
mysterious or divine than other arts or sciences." Surely the Republicans,
committed as they are to "limited government," ought to honor the secular spirit
that has limited our government from the moment of its
birth.
单选题Although we are (concerned with) the problem of energy sources, we (must not) fail (recognizing) the need (for) environmental protection.A. concerned withB. must notC. recognizingD. for
单选题Alcohol use is the number one drug problem among young people. It's easy to understand why. For adults, alcohol is legal, widely (1) in American culture and easily (2) . Many kids can get a drink right in their own homes. (3) are drinking younger and more frequently than (4) , often beginning around age 13, according to studies. The average number of alcoholic drinks among college students is five on a single (5) , according to a recent survey. Among those younger 21, it is 5.5 drinks, and among (6) 21 and older, it is 4.2 drinks. Young people almost always begin drinking because of (7) pressure, in an attempt to be accepted and (8) in the group. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, more than half of junior and senior high school students drink alcoholic (9) . More than 40 percent of those who drink admit to drinking when upset, 31 percent admit to drinking (10) , 25 percent admit to drinking when (11) and 25 percent admit to drinking to get " (12) ." This is a (13) , serious problem (14) college campuses today. In 1997 Harvard University's School of Public Health surveyed students at 130 colleges for a college (15) study and found about two of every five college students (16) in binge drinking. (17) binge drinkers at college were 22 times more (18) than non-binge drinkers to have problems, (19) missed classes, falling behind in school work, getting in trouble or hurt and engaging in (20) sexual activity.
单选题Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of travel in the foreseeable future. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements. The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to carry 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,400 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
单选题The police caught the thief on the street and______him into their van.
单选题[此试题无题干]
单选题The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.
The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.
The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.
The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead--and indeed for the longer run-- remained a familiar one.- to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy"s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.
单选题
单选题She ______ making tea for us as soon as she let us in.
单选题Your compliance in this respect will do much to ______ our taking delivery of the goods on arrival. A．facial B．facilitate C．facilitaty D．facile
单选题Tim is
dubious
about diet pills which advertise quick weight loss.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)
单选题The word "interest" in the first paragraph most probably means
单选题The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries. The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed. Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. "This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights," said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫,胁迫) from unions. Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. "Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't," Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. "On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day," said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level. The bill has other provisions (规定,条款) as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration (仲裁) when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, "borderline unconstitutional". "I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract," said Straczewski. The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As it stands, the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.
单选题Parents have a legal ______ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age. [A] impulse [B] influence [C] obligation [D] sympathy
单选题The phrase "go natural" probably means ______.
单选题The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with ______. (大连外国语学院2008研)
单选题To know what is exactly happening on the roads, we don't need to
单选题That's what I know about it. If you wish for any ______ explanation, you had better apply in person to the manager.
单选题John occasionally ______ a great deal of pleasure from taking long trips by himself. A. deviated B. aroused C. absorbed D. derived
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Concerning money or anything else,
conflicts between husband and wife usually reflect a power struggle. Conflicts
between parent and child often center around the same issue. As children enter
adolescence, they begin to demand greater freedom to go where they please, do
what they please, and make decisions without parental interference. Many
American parents do not know how to deal with their teenagers and seek advice
from books, lectures, and parent-training courses. Parents want to maintain a
friendly relationship with their teenagers and also want to guide them so that
their behavior will be whatever the parents consider proper and constructive.
But in a society of rapidly changing social and moral values, parents and
children often disagree about what is important and what is right. Arguments may
concern such unimportant matters as styles of dress or hairdos. But quarrels may
also concern school work, after school jobs, decisions, use of the family car,
dating, and sexual behavior. Some families have serious problems with teenagers
who drop out of school, run away from home, or use illegal drugs. Because so
much publicity is given to the problem teenager, one gets the impression that
all teenagers are troublemakers. Actually, relatively few adolescents do
anything wrong, and nearly all grow up into "solid citizens" who fulfill most of
their parents' expectations. In fact, recent studies show that the "generation
gap" is narrowing. The vast majority of teenagers share most of their parents'
values and ideas. Many parents feel that they get along with their adolescents
quite well.
单选题Pregnant women are advised to take a______, balanced, and varied diet that contains plenty of nutrients from fresh fruits, vegetables, while grains, legumes, and fish.
单选题
单选题When we eat may be just as important as what we eat. A new study shows that mice that eat when they should be sleeping gain more weight than mice that eat at normal hours. Another study sheds light on why we pack on the pounds in the first place. Whether these studies translate into therapies that help humans beat obesity remains to be seen, but they give scientists clues about the myriad factors that they must take into account.
Observations of overnight workers have shown that eating at night disrupts metabolism and the hormones that signal we"re sated. But no one had done controlled studies on this connection until now. Biologist Fred Turek of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and graduate student Deanna Arble examined the link between a high-fat diet and what time of day mice eat. A control group of six nocturnal mice ate their pellets (60% fat by calories, mostly lard) during the night. Another group of six ate the same meal during the day, Turek says, which disrupts their circadian rhythm—the body"s normal 24-hour cycle.
After 6 weeks, the off-schedule mice weighed almost 20% more than the controls, Turek and Arble report today in Obesity, supporting the idea that consuming calories when you should be sleeping is harmful. Turek and Arble acknowledge that the disrupted mice ate a tad more and were a tad more sluggish, but the differences could not account for all of the weight gain.
In the second study, a different team of researchers investigated the link between weight and the immune system. Hundreds of genes seem to affect the accumulation of fat, but one that helps protect us from infection might help us lose weight with little effort, biochemist Alan Saltiel of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues suggest today in Cell. The researchers tested me weight-adding abilities of a protein called IKK
∈
, which is linked with obesity, diabetes, and chronic, low-level inflammation. For 3 months, the team fed six mice missing IKK
∈
genes a diet of high-fat chow.
Because IKKE"s main job is immune defense, Saltiel"s team didn"t expect to find weight differences between knockout mice and controls. But the knockout mice did gain significantly less. Best of all, the girth the animals did add was less harmful to their overall health. "The knockout mice don"t gain as much weight but also don"t get diabetes, don"t get insulin resistance, and don"t get accumulation of lipids on the liver," Saltiel says, all of which contribute to the suite of health problems associated with being overweight. Saltiel calls IKK e " an especially appealing drug target for the treatment of metabolic disease. "
Tom Maniatis, a molecular biologist at Harvard University praises the study but remains skeptical about any drug that would inhibit IKK
∈
. He helped develop the mice used in the experiment and notes that they are vulnerable to the flu. He suspects that suppressing IKK
∈
may help people with diabetes or obesity, "but the first time the swine flu comes along, that"s it.
Researchers are also enthusiastic about the circadian rhythm paper Frank Scheet, a neuroscientist at Harvard who studies sleep, was struck that " you could see something happening [ to the disrupted mice] in the first week already. That"s consistent with human studies where we found changes in just 3 days. "
Together, the papers suggest that there"s no simple answer to why people gain weight. Says Turek, "It"s clearly not just calories in versus calories out. "
单选题The language school started a new ______ to help young learners with reading and writing.
单选题America put more people in prison in the 1990s than in any decade in its history. That started a debate over the wisdom of spending billions of dollars to keep nearly 2 million people locked up. According to statistics, the United States ends 1999 with 1983084 men and women in prisons. That shows an increase of nearly 840,000 prisoners during the 1990s and makes the United States the country with the highest prisoner population in the world. With the cost of housing a prisoner at about ＄20,000 a year the cost in 1999 for keeping all these prisoners behind bars is about ＄ 39 billion. Some experts argue that the money is well spent, saying the cost of keeping prisoners behind bars doesn't seem much in comparison in the 1990s coincided with (与……相一致) a steady drop in the US crime rates. It is reported that serious crime has decreased for seven years in a row. "There are noticeable number of people who don't do crimes because they don't want to go to prison," they say.
单选题—Hello．Zhu Hua．I'll have to return to Canada because I've worked here for a year． —______!A．What time fliesB．How time fliesC．What does time flyD．How does time fly
单选题______ your clothes at once. A．Dress B．Have C．Put on D．In
单选题As our work is not done yet, I'm in no______to go out for a movie tonight.
单选题[此试题无题干]
单选题Giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers may create a division among psychologists whereby some will be able to prescribe and others will not. As a result, major discord could emerge. It is possible that psychologists with the fight to prescribe may consider themselves superior to those without the right. If gaining prescription privileges would lead to broader third party payments or full hospital privileges for those qualified to prescribe, psychologists unable to do so may feel that they have been accorded second class status in their profession. The debate, thus far, has focused on the training necessary to grant psychologists prescription privileges. Although this matter is important, of more basic concern are treatment implications and the future role of psychologists. Prescription privileges could move psychologists closer to a medical model and further away from their historical goal. Psychology began in the late 19th century as an application for psychological techniques. Its focus has been on assessment, behavioral interventions, Consuhation, and applied research. Before the widespread use of psychotropic medications, psychiatry emphasized the practice of psychotherapy. Gradually, psychiatry moved toward increased reliance on drugs and away from psychotherapy. It is possible, over time, that psychologists, like psychiatrists, could become more influenced by the use of medication. Despite the argument that prescription privileges significantly may alter traditional psychotherapeutic implications, some psychologists strongly feel that they would be looked upon more favorably, gain prestige, and increase their caseload if they could have the same status of prescribing medication as psychiatrists do. Does this mean that a lack of prescription privileges promotes the image of psychology as an inferior profession to psychiatry? Contrary to this argument is the fact that psychologists are delivering more outpatient mental health care than any other group of providers. Whatever some psychologists may perceive as a therapeutic drawback because they are unable to offer prescriptions for psychotropic medications apparently is not recognized by the general public. Psychologists may have flourished because they have offered a clear and distinct service from psychiatry. The use of medication may send a message to patients that may interfere with personal change and growth. Medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by implying that benefits come from external agents, not from one's own efforts at change and growth. A large portion of the population prefers the non-medication orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non-medical therapists. There is little question that psychologists' prescription privileges could have profound effects on the future direction of their profession.