已选分类
文学
单选题Exercise cart affect our outlook on life, and it can also help us get rid of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise ______.
单选题Players will be ______ against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day. A. trifled B. wreathed C. instigated D. pitted
单选题It's expected that the new highway______completed by next July.
单选题People' s attitudes toward reformers are quite______they had always been.
单选题Woman: I hear you've got the highest marks in our class. Congratulations! Man: Thank you. I'm sure you've also done a good job. Question: Who are the speakers?
单选题The author means to tell us that ______.
单选题As the Big Three automakers seek a $25 billion federal government bailout to avoid financial collapse, angst is rising among the auto behemoths" suppliers, and in the communities they support.
On Monday, an auto industry consulting firm, Planning Perspectives Inc., reported that 68% of participants in a survey of executives for industry suppliers said their companies would have to downsize if General Motors declared bankruptcy, while 12% said their businesses would likely close or would definitely do so. In the Midwest alone, some 275,000 jobs would be lost as a result of a GM bankruptcy. "If they go into bankruptcy, it"s going to have a catastrophic effect on businesses across the board," says John W. Henke Jr., president of PPI, based in Birmingham, Mich.
Amid the economic downturn, Americans are buying fewer new cars and light-trucks, or even used cars. In recent weeks, GM announced a third-quarter loss of $2.5 billion. And the major automakers have stirred a vigorous debate over how much, if at all, the federal government should be involved in rescuing yet another ailing industry.
Much of the automakers" argument hinges on the notion that the collapse of any of the key industry players would aggravate an already troubled economy. Fully one-third of automotive industry suppliers were deemed at risk of bankruptcy, according to a study earlier this year by Grant Thornton, a Southfield, Michigan, consulting firm. If General Motors files for bankruptcy, it will further impede its ability to pay its suppliers in full, on time. Many suppliers are already burdened with debt. So the extra burden will likely destroy suppliers" operating budgets—and, in turn, cripple their ability to deliver goods to surviving automakers.
Experts say the suppliers most vulnerable to collapse are those whose businesses are heavily dependent on the ailing U.S. automakers, or on raw materials for which rising costs cannot be easily passed onto the automakers. Kimberly Rodriguez, automotive industry analyst at Grant Thornton, says concern about how suppliers will be impacted is justified. "It"s not hype. It"s huge."
To understand how the angst is playing out, consider Tipton, Ind., population barely 5,000. In April 2007, the German manufacturer Getrag LLC announced it would build a $455 million plant about an hour"s drive north of Indianapolis. The plant"s sole purpose was to build energy-efficient transmissions for Chrysler. The plant would inject some 1,200 new jobs into a state whose economy is both ailing and heavily dependent on the automotive industry. Townsfolk talked of a new hotel, a new fast-food restaurant. Earlier this month, however, Getrag announced that the entity established to build the Tipton plant would file for bankruptcy and that the plant would not open, mainly because Chrysler backed out of its agreement.
Meanwhile, some people in the industry have been calling and e-mailing their Congressional representatives, urging them to support a bailout for the major automakers. The consequences of a bankruptcy declaration from either of the Big Three, Rodriguez fears, are just too severe. "It"d kill us," he says.
单选题Much as______, I couldn't lend him the money because I simply didn't have that much spare cash with me.
单选题Which of the following represents the author's view about the American culture?
单选题I was about to leave my house ______ the phone rang.A. whileB. whenC. asD. after
单选题Im sorry I cant express ______ in English well. A．me B．mine C．I D．myself
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
The flying fox is not a fox at all. It
is an extra large bat that has got a fox's head, and that feeds on fruit instead
of insects. Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when it
rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one spot
for years. Some- times several hundreds of them occupy(占据) a single tree. As
they return to the tree toward sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight
for the best places until long after daylight. Flying foxes have
babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has
to carry the baby On her breast wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging
up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby falls down to the
ground and squeaks((尖叫) for help. Then the older ones swoop (俯冲) down and try to
pick it Up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of dead baby bats
can be found lying on the ground at the foot of a
tree.
单选题You will see this product ______ wherever you go. A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
In a perfectly free and open market
economy, the type of employer—government or private—should have little or no
impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is
discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination
by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree
of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the
type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems
most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one
would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government
employment would have a positive effect on women's earnings as compared with
their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support
this assumption. Fuchs' results suggest that the earnings of women in an
industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater
than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private
employees, other things being equal. In addition, both Fuchs and
Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the
earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either
government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women
employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male
and female workers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories:
private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were
excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were
the result of racial disparities.) Brown's research design controlled for
education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to
eliminate these factors as explanations of the study's results. Brown's results
suggest that men and women are not treated the came by employers and consumers.
For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private
employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is
reversed. One can infer from Brown's results that consumers
discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may
have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter
discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
Brown's results are clearly consistent with Fuchs' argument that
discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than
does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact
the women do better working for government than for private employers implies
that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not
prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however,
demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its
discriminating is not having as much effect on women's earnings as is
discrimination in the private sector.
单选题Archimedes was a famous Greek mathematician and scientist. He was born around 287 BC and he died in the year 212 BC. Archimedes is most well-known for one specific idea that he came up with. "Archimedes's Principle" states that a solid object which is immersed in a liquid is pushed up by a force which is equal to the weight of the water that the object moves. For example, if you put a piece of wood and a piece of gold the same size in water, only the wood will float. Both the wood and gold move the same amount of water, but the wood weighs less than this water, while the gold weighs more. It is believed that Archimedes discovered this principle when the king of Syracuse asked him to solve a problem. The king wanted to know if his crown was pure gold or a mixture of gold and silver. The king, of course, did not melt his crown to find out. The idea came to Archimedes as he lowered himself into his bath. He noticed how the water spilled out of the tub. He decided to use the same idea for the crown. He knew that a gold crown immersed in water would weigh more than one made of silver. The experiment was done and the goldsmith was proved guilty of trying to cheat the king.
单选题The word "acquiesce" probably mean ______.
单选题Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______. A. taking B. took C. taken D. take
单选题I have absolutely no______of ever meeting him before.
单选题The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only______by a river.
单选题Not only he but also we ______ right. He as well as we ______ right. A) are; are B) are; is C) is; is D) is; are
单选题The government is trying to do something to ______ better understanding between two countries
单选题The freshmen will be Unotified/U regarding the college placement examination.
单选题In recent months, RAND researchers have teamed up with a dozen Los Angeles lunch trucks to test healthier menu items—chicken breasts and grilled fish alongside the usual tacos and hamburgers. The results have been modest but promising. The healthy meals were never best-sellers, but they did well enough that a majority of the truck owners plan to keep them on the menu.
That"s important, because the trucks tend to serve working-class Latino communities, where obesity rates are high and healthy food can be scarce, leading researcher Deborah Cohen said. "It"s important that the providers are offering these meals," she said. "I think what we showed is that it"s completely feasible."
Cohen has spent years arguing that restaurants, grocery stores and other food outlets should take more responsibility for the nation"s obesity epidemic, and more action to stop it. More than one-third of U. S. adults are obese, according to federal statistics, adding billions of dollars to the nation"s health care costs each year.
A lunch truck may seem like an unlikely testing ground for healthy menu items, the four-wheel equivalent of a fast-food joint. But most are morn-and-pop operations where cooks make food by hand, using fresh ingredients and often for underserved communities. Cohen called them a "good lab."
These aren"t the trendy food trucks that have started to sell fusion tacos and reimagined grilled cheese to hip, young urbanites. These have been part of blue-collar Los Angeles for generations, where they"re known as loncheras, after the Spanglish word lonche, for lunch.
Working with a $ 275,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health, RAND researchers enlisted nearly 20 loncheras for a six-month trial they named "La Comida Perfecta," or "The Perfect Meal" About a third of the truck owners later dropped out, leaving 12 who worked with a nutritionist, created their own healthy meals, and then put them on the menu.
The six-month pilot program didn"t yield big sales numbers at most trucks, but it did yield some valuable insight into the challenges, big and small, of changing food habits, the researchers said. Truck operators had trouble swapping out their corn tortillas for whole wheat, for example, and their Latino customers especially didn"t care for the brown rice that replaced their traditional Mexican rice. Nearly half of the truck customers were regulars, surveys found, and most knew what they wanted without even looking at the menu. In poorer neighborhoods and blue-collar work sites, that was usually a couple of $1 tacos, not a $7 plate with fruit and salad.
单选题We were late as usual. My husband had
1
watering the flowers in the garden by himself, and when he discovered that he couldn"t manage, he asked me for
2
at the last moment. So now we had only one hour to get to the airport. Luckily, there were not many cars
3
buses on the road and we were
4
to get there just in time. We checked in and went straight to a big hall to wait for our flight to be called. We waited and waited
5
no announcement was made. We asked for
6
and the girl there told us the plane hadn"t even arrived yet. In the end, there came an announcement telling us that those
7
for flight No. 108 could get a free meal voucher and that the plane hadn"t left Spain
8
technical problems. We thought that meant
9
it wasn"t safe for the plane to
10
. We waited again for a long time until late evening when we were asked to report again. This time we were
11
free vouchers to spend the night in a nearby hotel.
The next morning after a
12
night because of all the planes taking off and landing, we were reported back to the airport. Guess
13
had happened while we were asleep. Our plane had arrived and taken off again. All the other
14
had been waken up in the night to catch the plane, but for some reasons or other we had been
15
. You can imagine how we felt!
单选题As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ______ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.
单选题During the Olympic Games, people from all over the world come together in peace and friendship. The first Olympic Games that we have (21) of were in Greece in 776 B.C. The games lasted one day. The only (22) in the first thirteen Olympic Games was a race. Men ran the length of the stadium. In 1896 the games were (23) again in Athens, Greece. The Greeks (24) a new stadium for the competition. 311 (25) from thirteen countries (26) in many events. The (27) became national heroes. After 1896, the games were held every four years during the summer in different cities around the (28) . In 1908, in London, England, the first gold (29) were given to winning athletes. The Olympic Winter Games (30) in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Athletes competed in (31) events such as skiing, ice skating and ice hockey. Today the Winter Games take place (32) four years. Until recently, Olympic competitors could not be (33) athletes. All of the athletes in the Olympic Games were amateurs. Today, (34) , many of the Olympic athletes are professionals who play their sports (35) money during the year. Some people disagree with this idea.
单选题The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert"s appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today"s live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener"s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert"s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different, more vibrant organization." But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra"s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America"s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.
单选题______the new fund-raising plan is approved, we will soon have more money to build the gymnasium.(四川大学2010年试题)
单选题Time ______, we'll have a farewell party for John who is leaving next Monday.
单选题Avoid the rush-hour' must be the slogan of large cities the world over. If it is, it's a slogan no one takes the least notice of. Twice a day, with predictable regularity, the pot boils over. Wherever you look it's people, people, people. The trains which leave or arrive every few minutes are packed: an endless procession of human sardine tins. The streets are so crowded, there is hardly room to move on the pavements. The queues for buses reach staggering proportions. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill. Even when a bus does at last arrive, it's so full, it can't take any more passengers. This whole crazy system of commuting stretches man's resources to the utmost. The smallest unforeseen event can bring about conditions of utter chaos. A power-cut, for instance, an exceptionally heavy snowfall or a minor derailment must always make city-dwellers realise how precarious the balance is. The extraordinary thing is not that people put up with these conditions, but that they actually chose them in preference to anything else. Large modern cities are too big to control. They impose their own living condition on the people who inhabit them. City-dwellers are obliged by their environment to adopt a wholly unnatural way of life. They lose touch with the land and rhythm of nature. It is possible to live such an air-conditioned existence in a large city that you are barely conscious of the seasons. A few flowers in a public park (if you have the time to visit it) may remind you that it is spring or summer. A few leaves clinging to the pavement may remind you that it is autumn. Beyond that, what is going on in nature seems totally irrelevant. All the simple, good things of life like sunshine and fresh air are at a premium. Tall buildings block out the sun. Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere. Even the distinction between day and night is lost. The flow of traffic goes on unceasingly and the noise never stops. The funny thin about it all is that you pay dearly for the 'privilege' of living in a city. The demand for accommodation is so great that it is often impossible for ordinary people to buy a house of their own. Exorbitant rents must be paid for tiny flats which even country hens would disdain to live in. Accommodation apart, the cost of living is very high. Just about everything you buy is likely to be more expensive than it would be in the country. In addition to all this, city-dwellers live under constant threat. The crime rate in most cities is very high. House are burgled with alarming frequency. Cities breed crime and violence and are full of places you would be afraid to visit at night. If you think about it, they're not really fit to live in at all. Can anyone really doubt that the country is what man was born for and where he truly belongs?
单选题Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radio activity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit. And if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can he irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
单选题Man: Just think I went through so much work on my paper only to get a Ｃ.Woman: Well, I don't think grades are everything. What you've learned in the process will prove useful in your future work.Question: What does the woman imply?
单选题An orator, whose purpose is to persuade men, must speak the things they wish to hear, an orator, whose purpose is to move men, must also avoid disturbing the emotional effect by any obtrusion of intellectual antagonism, but an author, whose purpose is to instruct men, who appeals to the intellect, must be careless of their opinions and think only of truth. It will often be a question when a man is or is not wise in advancing an unpalatable opinion, or in preaching heresies. But it can never be a question that a man should be silent if unprepared to speak the truth as he conceives it. Deference to popular opinion is one great source of bad writing and is all the more disastrous because the deference is paid to some purely hypothetical requirement. When a man fails to see the truth of certain generally accepted views, there is no law compelling him to provoke animosity by announcing his dissent. He may be excused if he shrink from the lurid glory of martyrdom. He may be justified in not placing himself in a position of singularity. He may even be commended for not helping to perplex mankind with doubts which he feels to be founded on limited and possibly erroneous investigation. But if allegiance to truth lays no stern command upon him to speak out his immature dissent, it does lay a stern command not to speak out hypocritical assent. There are many justifications of silence, there can be none of insincerity.
单选题Rarely ______ such a silly thing.
单选题Greg Focker, played by Ben Stiller, represents a generation of American kids (1) in the 1980s on the philosophy that any achievement, however slight, (2) a ribbon. (3) replaced punishment; criticism became a dirty word. In Texas, teachers were advised to (4) using red ink, the colour of (5) . In California, a task force was set up to (6) the concept of self worth into the education system. Swathing youngsters in a (7) shield of self-esteem, went the philosophy, would protect them from the nasty things in life, such as bad school grades, underage sex, drug abuse, dead-end jobs and criminality. (8) that the ninth-place ribbons are in danger of strangling the (9) children they were supposed to help. America's (10) with self-esteem--like all developments in psychology, it gradually (11) its way to Britain--has turned children who were (12) with (13) into adults who (14) at even the mildest brickbats. Many believe that the feel-good culture has risen at the (15) of traditional education, an opinion espoused in a new book, Dumbing Down Our Kids: Why American Children Feel Good About Themselves But Can't Read, Write, or Add, by the conservative commentator Charles Sykes. Not only that, but the foundations (16) which the self-esteem industry is built are being (17) as decidedly shaky. Roy Baumeister, professor of psychology at Florida State University and once a self-esteem enthusiast, is now (18) a revision of the populist orthodoxy. "After all these years, I'm sorry to say, my recommendation is this: forget, about self-esteem and (19) more on self-control and self-dlscipline," he wrote recently. "Recent work suggests this would be good for the individual and good for society--and might even be able to (20) some of those promises that self-esteem once made but could not keep./
单选题{{B}}Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is
followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
A man once said how useless it was to
put advertisements in the newspapers. "Last week," said be, "my umbrella was
stolen from a London Church. As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in
advertising, but didn’t get it back." "How did you write your
advertisement?" asked one of the listeners, a merchant. "Here it
is," said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The
other man took it and read, "Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a
black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on
leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street." "Now," said the merchant, "I
often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an
advertisement is expressed is of great importance. Let us try for your umbrella
again, and if it fails, I'll buy you a new one." The merchant then took a slip
of paper out of his pocket and wrote: "If the man who was seen to take an
umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn’t wish to get into
trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known."
This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished
when he opened the front door. In the door way lay at least twelve umbrellas of
all sizes and colors that had been thrown in, and his own was among the number.
Many of them had notes, fastened to them saying that they had been taken by
mistake, and begging the loser not to say anything about the
matter.
单选题I have told him several times that these young pines ______ watering twice a week. A. require B. appeal C. demand D. request
单选题Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there"s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You"ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer. "
The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year ca-reer in the US Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all; What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn"t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn"t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn"t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test—even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.
单选题
单选题It is said that something was ______ way back when Enron CEO Jeffrey William departed the company only six months after being elevated to the post from CFO, but the president denied it last night.
单选题I was extremely Uexasperated/U when I saw that my room was littered with wood shavings.
单选题A translator with his eye on his readership is likely to
under-translate
, to use more general words in the interests of clarity, simplicity and sometimes brevity, which makes him " omit" to translate words altogether.
单选题Fire, the phenomenon of combustion A
as observed
in light, flame, and heat, B
it is
one of the C
basic
tools D
of mankind
.
单选题
单选题Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. (1) , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2) to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3) the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4) being classified as "English".Even in England there are many (5) in regional character and speech. The chief (6) is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7) going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8) there are local variations. Further north, regional speech is usually" (9) "than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10) to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11) They are openhearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12) . Northerners generally have hearty (13) : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14) at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15) a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound (16) by the letter "R" is generally a strong sound, and "R" is often pronounced in words in which it would be (17) in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18) inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19) as being more "fiery" than the English. They are (20) a race that is quite distinct from the English.
单选题Any normal species would be delighted at the prospect of cloning. No more nasty surprises like sickle cell or Down syndrome--just batch after hatch of high-grade and, genetically speaking, immortal offspring! But representatives of the human species are responding as if someone had proposed adding Satanism to the grade-school Curriculum. Suddenly, perfectly secular folks are throwing around words like sanctity and retrieving medieval-era arguments against the pride of science. No one has proposed burning him at the stake, but the poor fellow who induced a human embryo to double itself has virtually recanted--proclaiming his reverence for human life in a voice, this magazine reported," choking with emotion." There is an element of hypocrisy to much of the anti-cloning furor, or if not hypocrisy, superstition. The fact is we axe already well down the path leading to genetic manipulation of the creepiest sort. Life-forms can be patented, which means they can be bought and sold and potentially traded on the commodities markets. Human embryos are life-forms, and there is nothing to stop anyone from marketing them now, on the same shelf with the Cabbage Patch dolls. In fact, any culture that encourages in vitro fertilization has no right to complain about a market in embryos. The assumption behind the in vitro industry is that some people's genetic material is worth more than others' and deserves to be reproduced at any expense. Millions of low-income babies die every year from preventable ills like dysentery, while heroic efforts go into maintaining yuppie zygotes in test tubes at the unicellular stage. This is the dread "nightmare" of eugenics in familiar, marketplace form--which involves breeding the best-paid instead of the best. Cloning technology is an almost inevitable byproduct of in vitro fertilization. Once you decide to go to the trouble of in vitro, with its potentially hazardous megadoses of hormones for the female partner and various indignities for the male, you might as well make a few backup copies of any viable embryo that's produced. And once you've got the backup organ copies, why not keep a few in the freezer, in case Junior ever needs a new kidney or cornea? The critics of cloning say we should know what we're getting into, with all its Orwellian implications. But if we decide to outlaw cloning, we should understand the implications of that. We would be saying in effect that we prefer to leave genetic destiny to the crap shooting Of nature, despite sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs and all the rest, because ultimately we don't trust the market to regulate life itself. And this may be the hardest thing of all to acknowledge, that it isn't so much 21st century technology we fear, as what will happen to that technology in the hands of old-fashioned 20th century capitalism.
单选题
单选题(200l)My bother is looking forward to______a trip to Shanghai next month.
单选题The law will go into ______ when the senator approves it.
单选题When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly 【C1】______than male managers? Some research【C2】______the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater【C3】______, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a 【C4】______to bring emotional factors to bear【C5】______making workplace decisions. These differences are【C6】______to carry advantages for companies, 【C7】______they expand the range of techniques that can be used to【C8】______the company manage its workforce【C9】______. A study commissioned by the International Women's Forum【C10】______a management style used by some women managers(and also by some men)that【C11】______from the command-and- control style【C12】______used by male managers. Using this " interactive leadership" approach, "women【C13】______participation, share power and information, 【C14】______other people's self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these 【C15】______reflect their belief that allowing【C16】______to contribute and to feel powerful and important is a win-win situation—good for the employees and the organization. "The study's director predicted that"interactive leadership may emerge as the management style of choice for many organizations. "
单选题Man: Look, the view is fantastic．Could you take a picture of me with the lake in the background? Woman: I'm afraid I just ran out of film. Question: What do we learn from the conversation?
单选题Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom. Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhausted since the cells' movements are restricted and their food requirements rather large. When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules. The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head. As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as "culmination." The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops into spores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released. The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell types — spore and stalk — is of great interest to developmental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays, experiments using DNA technology and fluorescent proteins or enzymes to label the prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies.
单选题
单选题On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf, sitting still, ears ______, alert, listening.
单选题Based on information in tile passage, the reader can conclude Violet's primary source of conflict stems from her ______.
单选题Many local citizens wrote to the mayor, complaining that the police were always failing to take adequate measures to______the growth in crime.
单选题W: You haven't seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn't leave it in the reading room.M: Did you check that pile of journals you've borrowed from the library the other day?Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman? A. She couldn't have left her notebook in the library. B. She may have put her notebook amid the journals. C. She should have made careful notes while doing reading. D. She shouldn't have read his notes without his knowing it.
单选题Although no one is Certain why migration occurs, there are several theories. One theory is based upon the premise that prehistoric birds of the northen Hemisphere were forced south during the Ice Age, when glaciers covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. As the glaciers melted, the birds came back to their homelands, spent the summer, and then went south again as the ice advanced in winter In time, the migration became a habit, and now, although the glaciers have disappeared, the habit continues. Another theory proposes that the ancestral home of all modern birds was the tropics. When the region became overpopulated, many species were crowded north. During the summer, there was plenty of food, but during the winter, scarcity forced them to return to the tropics. A more recent theory, known as photoperiodism, suggests a relationship between increasing daylight and the stimulation of certain glands in the birds bodies that may prepare them for migration. One scientist has been able to cause midwinter migrations by exposing birds to artificial periods of daylight. He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Reading the following four texts.
Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers
on ANSWER SHEET 1. {{B}}Text 1{{/B}}
That low moaning sound in the
background just might be the Founding Fathers protesting from beyond the grave.
They have been doing it when George Bush, at a breakfast of religious leaders,
scorched the Democrats for failing to mention God in their platform and
declaimed that a President needs to believe in the Almighty. What about the
constitutional ban on "religious test(s)" for public office? the Founding
Fathers would want to know. What about Tom Jefferson's conviction that it is
Possible for a nonbeliever to be a moral person, "find (ing) incitements to
virtue in the comfort and pleasantness you feel in its exercise"? Even George
Washington must shudder in his sleep to hear the constant emphasis on "Judeo-
Christian values." It was he who wrote, "We have abundant reason to rejoice that
in this Land ... every person may here worship God according to the dictates of
his own heart." George Bush should know better than to encourage
the theocratic ambitions of the Christian right. The "wall of separation" the
Founding Fathers built between church and state is one of the best defenses
freedom has ever had. Or have we already forgotten why the Founding Fathers put
it up? They had seen enough religious intolerance in the colonies: {{U}}Quaker
women{{/U}} were burned at the stake in Puritan Massachusetts; Virginians could be
jailed for denying the Bible's authority. No wonder John Adams once described
the Judeo-Christian tradition as "the most bloody religion that ever existed,"
and that the Founding Fathers took such pains to keep the hand that holds the
musket separate from the one that carries the cross. There was
another reason for the separation of church and state, which no amount of pious
ranting can expunge: not all the Founding Fathers believed in the same God, or
in any God at all. Jefferson was a renowned doubter, urging his nephew to
"question with boldness even the existence of a God." John Adams was at least a
skeptic, as were of course the revolutionary firebrands Tom Paine and Ethan
Allen. Naturally, they designed a republic in which they themselves would have a
place. Yet another reason argues for the separation of church
and state. If the Founding Fathers had one overarching aim, it was to limit the
power not of the churches but of the state. They were deeply concerned, as Adams
wrote, that "government shall be considered as having in it nothing more
mysterious or divine than other arts or sciences." Surely the Republicans,
committed as they are to "limited government," ought to honor the secular spirit
that has limited our government from the moment of its
birth.
单选题Regardless of their political affiliation, in all countries women must overcome a host of stumbling blocks that limit their political careers. "Most obstacles to progress consist of (1) of various kinds," says the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), a Geneva-based organization (2) 139 parliaments, including the lack of time, training, information, self-confidence, money, support, motivation, women's networks and solidarity between women. In every culture, prejudice and stereotypes (3) hard. The belief still holds (4) that women belong in the kitchen and (5) the children, not at election (6) or in the Speaker's chair. The media often reinforce traditional images of women, who, upon entering politics, also bear the brunt (正面冲击) of verbal and physical (7) . In impoverished (贫穷的) countries (8) by civil conflicts and deteriorating economic and social conditions, women are (9) by the tasks of managing everyday life and looking after their families. The IPU stresses the general lack of child-care facilities—often (10) a privileged few—the (11) of political parties to change the times and running of meetings and the weak backing women receive from their families. That support, which is (12) as well as financial, is (13) vital because women have internalized (14) images of themselves since the (15) of time and often suffer from low self-confidence. Another obstacle is the lack of financial resources, especially as election campaigns become increasingly expensive. (16) , women encounter more or less open machismo (男子汉的高傲) in the (17) of closed political circles (18) entry to the "second sex. " Lastly, they (19) the lack of solidarity between women, (20) by the fact that the number of available positions is limited.
单选题Auctions (拍卖) are public sales of goods, made by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd assembled in the auction room to make offers, or bids, for the various items on sale. He encouraged buyers to bid higher figures, and finally named the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called "knocking down" the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning "increase". The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war, these sales were called "sub hash", meaning "under the spear", a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth century, goods were often sold "by the candle": a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. Practically all goods whose qualities varied are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christie's and Sotheby's in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a "lot", is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer's services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.
单选题A new economics paper has some old-fashioned advice for people navigating the stresses of life: Find a spouse who is also your best friend. Social scientists have long known that
1
people tend to be happier, but they debate whether that is because marriage causes happiness or simply because happier people are more
2
to get married. The new paper,
3
by the National Bureau of Economic Research, controlled for pre-marriage happiness levels. It
4
that being married makes people happier and more satisfied
5
their lives than those who remain single—particularly during the most stressful periods, like
6
crises.
Even as fewer people are marrying, the disadvantages of remaining single have broad
7
. It"s important
8
marriage is increasingly a force behind inequality.
9
marriages are more common among educated, high-income people, and increasingly out of reach for those who are not. That divide appears to
10
not just people"s income and family stability, but also their happiness and stress levels.
A quarter of today"s young adults will have never married by 2030, which would be the highest
11
in modern history, according to Pew Research Center.
12
both remaining unmarried and divorcing are more common among less-educated, lower-income people.
13
, high-income people still marry at high rates and are less likely to divorce.
Those whose lives are most difficult could
14
most from marriage, according to the economists who wrote the new paper, John Helliwell and Shawn Grover. "Marriage may be most important when there is that stress in life and when things are going
15
," Mr. Grover said.
16
marital happiness long outlasted the honeymoon period.
17
some social scientists have argued that happiness levels are innate, so people return to their natural level of well-being
18
joyful or upsetting events, the researchers found that the benefits of marriage persist. One
19
for that might be the role of friendship within marriage. Those who
20
their spouse or partner to be their best friend get about twice as much life satisfaction from marriage as others, the study found.
单选题The editor considered the author's analysis in his article to be {{U}}penetrating{{/U}}.
单选题For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the (56) of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel (57) to go to bed and pleased when the journey (58) . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed (59) earlier than usual. When I (60) my cabin, I was surprised (61) that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected (62) but there was a suitcase (63) mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet (64) , except that he was wearing (65) good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not (66) whoever he was and did not say (67) . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately. I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered (68) as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a (69) was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten (70) the door, so I got up (71) the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and (72) the moon shone through it on to the other bed. (73) there. It took me a minute or two to (74) the door myself. I realized that my companion (75) through the window into the sea.
单选题What is a knowledge worker? Knowledge workers are people who routinely use a computer in their work to enhance their productivity. She or he is the critical component in a computer system. A computer system is made up of people, using data and procedures to work with software and hardware components. It takes all five working together to produce results. Knowledge workers are white-collar professionals from many walks of life who have the following characteristics. They understand how to use a personal computer. They know how to work with computer-based information. They understand how the computer benefits their work and the business. They regard the computer as a productivity tool. Knowledge workers may be employed in a company of any size, large or small, at a wide range of tasks. They may be self-employed, working in their own office or at home. They may be sales representatives or managers who travel with a portable computer. Students are knowledge workers as well. Many of you may be preparing for a career in knowledge work in office automation, public relations, account supervision, social work, management, or a number of other occupations. Today, there are over 70 million knowledge workers in the United States, who generate nearly 2 trillion pieces of paper each year. These knowledge workers work 10 hours per week more than they did 10 years ago, and create over 15 billion new pieces of paper a year. According to a survey conducted by Industry Week magazine in 1990, 39 percent of U. S. management-level knowledge workers say paperwork is a problem. Further, USA Today reported in 1991 that the average knowledge worker has 36 hours of work stacked up on the desk. Clearly, the computer as a productivity tool must play an ever more important role in knowledge work and knowledge work itself is steadily assuming larger proportions. According to several worldwide studies, urban centers in Canada, the United States, Europe, and other developed areas are increasingly using computer technology and thus evolving knowledge-based cities. These knowledge-based cities are characterized by. (1) a concentration of scientists and engineers, (2) business, university, and governmental research activities, (3) a high degree of interaction between individuals and the various institutions, and (4) a positive image that attracts college graduates to knowledge work. Clearly, the decade of the 1990s and the new millennium that follows are an exciting time for knowledge work.
单选题Alcohol use is the number one drug problem among young people. It's easy to understand why. For adults, alcohol is legal, widely (1) in American culture and easily (2) . Many kids can get a drink right in their own homes. (3) are drinking younger and more frequently than (4) , often beginning around age 13, according to studies. The average number of alcoholic drinks among college students is five on a single (5) , according to a recent survey. Among those younger 21, it is 5.5 drinks, and among (6) 21 and older, it is 4.2 drinks. Young people almost always begin drinking because of (7) pressure, in an attempt to be accepted and (8) in the group. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, more than half of junior and senior high school students drink alcoholic (9) . More than 40 percent of those who drink admit to drinking when upset, 31 percent admit to drinking (10) , 25 percent admit to drinking when (11) and 25 percent admit to drinking to get " (12) ." This is a (13) , serious problem (14) college campuses today. In 1997 Harvard University's School of Public Health surveyed students at 130 colleges for a college (15) study and found about two of every five college students (16) in binge drinking. (17) binge drinkers at college were 22 times more (18) than non-binge drinkers to have problems, (19) missed classes, falling behind in school work, getting in trouble or hurt and engaging in (20) sexual activity.
单选题[此试题无题干]
单选题The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.
The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.
The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.
The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead--and indeed for the longer run-- remained a familiar one.- to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy"s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.
单选题I say that not to persuade you, but merely to ______ my conscience.
A. revolve
B. relieve
C. retrieve
D. revive
单选题
When you are near a lake or a river,
you feel cool. Why? The sun makes the earth hot, but it can't make the water
very hot. Although the air over the earth becomes hot, the air over the water
stays cool. The hot air over the earth rises. Then the cool air over the water
moves in and takes the place of the hot air. Then you feel the cool air and the
wind, which makes you cool. Of course, scientists can't answer
all of your questions. If we ask, "Why is the ocean full of salt?" scientists
will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold,
it cracks. Rain falls into the cracks. The rain then carries the salt into he
earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we
ask, "What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean doesn't get more slat
every year." Scientists are not sure about the answer to this
question. We know a lot about our world. But there are still
many answers that we do not have, and we are
curious.
单选题
单选题Didn't you see what the naughty boy______to our neighbor's pet dog?
单选题They planned to go to Beijing for sightseeing, but because of their daughter's unexpected illness they had to stay at home ______.A. insteadB. reallyC. howeverD. though
单选题Although we are (concerned with) the problem of energy sources, we (must not) fail (recognizing) the need (for) environmental protection.A. concerned withB. must notC. recognizingD. for
单选题A: The wind will probably get up later.
B: ______
单选题Your compliance in this respect will do much to ______ our taking delivery of the goods on arrival. A．facial B．facilitate C．facilitaty D．facile
单选题Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of travel in the foreseeable future. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements. The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to carry 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,400 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
单选题She ______ making tea for us as soon as she let us in.
单选题The police caught the thief on the street and______him into their van.
单选题The word "interest" in the first paragraph most probably means
单选题I expect I shall go and see her ______, but no regularly. A. actually B. sincerely C. merely D. occasionally
单选题Tim is
dubious
about diet pills which advertise quick weight loss.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)
单选题Parents have a legal ______ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age. [A] impulse [B] influence [C] obligation [D] sympathy
单选题The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries. The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed. Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. "This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights," said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫,胁迫) from unions. Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. "Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't," Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. "On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day," said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level. The bill has other provisions (规定,条款) as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration (仲裁) when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, "borderline unconstitutional". "I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract," said Straczewski. The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As it stands, the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.
单选题The phrase "go natural" probably means ______.
单选题The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with ______. (大连外国语学院2008研)
单选题To know what is exactly happening on the roads, we don't need to
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Concerning money or anything else,
conflicts between husband and wife usually reflect a power struggle. Conflicts
between parent and child often center around the same issue. As children enter
adolescence, they begin to demand greater freedom to go where they please, do
what they please, and make decisions without parental interference. Many
American parents do not know how to deal with their teenagers and seek advice
from books, lectures, and parent-training courses. Parents want to maintain a
friendly relationship with their teenagers and also want to guide them so that
their behavior will be whatever the parents consider proper and constructive.
But in a society of rapidly changing social and moral values, parents and
children often disagree about what is important and what is right. Arguments may
concern such unimportant matters as styles of dress or hairdos. But quarrels may
also concern school work, after school jobs, decisions, use of the family car,
dating, and sexual behavior. Some families have serious problems with teenagers
who drop out of school, run away from home, or use illegal drugs. Because so
much publicity is given to the problem teenager, one gets the impression that
all teenagers are troublemakers. Actually, relatively few adolescents do
anything wrong, and nearly all grow up into "solid citizens" who fulfill most of
their parents' expectations. In fact, recent studies show that the "generation
gap" is narrowing. The vast majority of teenagers share most of their parents'
values and ideas. Many parents feel that they get along with their adolescents
quite well.
单选题Pregnant women are advised to take a______, balanced, and varied diet that contains plenty of nutrients from fresh fruits, vegetables, while grains, legumes, and fish.
单选题That's what I know about it. If you wish for any ______ explanation, you had better apply in person to the manager.
单选题John occasionally ______ a great deal of pleasure from taking long trips by himself. A. deviated B. aroused C. absorbed D. derived
单选题In his usual ______ manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss. A. indifferent B. pensive C. cautious D. caustic
单选题When we eat may be just as important as what we eat. A new study shows that mice that eat when they should be sleeping gain more weight than mice that eat at normal hours. Another study sheds light on why we pack on the pounds in the first place. Whether these studies translate into therapies that help humans beat obesity remains to be seen, but they give scientists clues about the myriad factors that they must take into account.
Observations of overnight workers have shown that eating at night disrupts metabolism and the hormones that signal we"re sated. But no one had done controlled studies on this connection until now. Biologist Fred Turek of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and graduate student Deanna Arble examined the link between a high-fat diet and what time of day mice eat. A control group of six nocturnal mice ate their pellets (60% fat by calories, mostly lard) during the night. Another group of six ate the same meal during the day, Turek says, which disrupts their circadian rhythm—the body"s normal 24-hour cycle.
After 6 weeks, the off-schedule mice weighed almost 20% more than the controls, Turek and Arble report today in Obesity, supporting the idea that consuming calories when you should be sleeping is harmful. Turek and Arble acknowledge that the disrupted mice ate a tad more and were a tad more sluggish, but the differences could not account for all of the weight gain.
In the second study, a different team of researchers investigated the link between weight and the immune system. Hundreds of genes seem to affect the accumulation of fat, but one that helps protect us from infection might help us lose weight with little effort, biochemist Alan Saltiel of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues suggest today in Cell. The researchers tested me weight-adding abilities of a protein called IKK
∈
, which is linked with obesity, diabetes, and chronic, low-level inflammation. For 3 months, the team fed six mice missing IKK
∈
genes a diet of high-fat chow.
Because IKKE"s main job is immune defense, Saltiel"s team didn"t expect to find weight differences between knockout mice and controls. But the knockout mice did gain significantly less. Best of all, the girth the animals did add was less harmful to their overall health. "The knockout mice don"t gain as much weight but also don"t get diabetes, don"t get insulin resistance, and don"t get accumulation of lipids on the liver," Saltiel says, all of which contribute to the suite of health problems associated with being overweight. Saltiel calls IKK e " an especially appealing drug target for the treatment of metabolic disease. "
Tom Maniatis, a molecular biologist at Harvard University praises the study but remains skeptical about any drug that would inhibit IKK
∈
. He helped develop the mice used in the experiment and notes that they are vulnerable to the flu. He suspects that suppressing IKK
∈
may help people with diabetes or obesity, "but the first time the swine flu comes along, that"s it.
Researchers are also enthusiastic about the circadian rhythm paper Frank Scheet, a neuroscientist at Harvard who studies sleep, was struck that " you could see something happening [ to the disrupted mice] in the first week already. That"s consistent with human studies where we found changes in just 3 days. "
Together, the papers suggest that there"s no simple answer to why people gain weight. Says Turek, "It"s clearly not just calories in versus calories out. "
单选题The language school started a new ______ to help young learners with reading and writing.
单选题How does direct carving differ from the nineteenth - century tradition of sculpture?
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单选题America put more people in prison in the 1990s than in any decade in its history. That started a debate over the wisdom of spending billions of dollars to keep nearly 2 million people locked up. According to statistics, the United States ends 1999 with 1983084 men and women in prisons. That shows an increase of nearly 840,000 prisoners during the 1990s and makes the United States the country with the highest prisoner population in the world. With the cost of housing a prisoner at about ＄20,000 a year the cost in 1999 for keeping all these prisoners behind bars is about ＄ 39 billion. Some experts argue that the money is well spent, saying the cost of keeping prisoners behind bars doesn't seem much in comparison in the 1990s coincided with (与……相一致) a steady drop in the US crime rates. It is reported that serious crime has decreased for seven years in a row. "There are noticeable number of people who don't do crimes because they don't want to go to prison," they say.
单选题______ your clothes at once. A．Dress B．Have C．Put on D．In
单选题Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project"s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.
As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone"s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.
Yet the debate about how to save Europe"s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone"s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.
Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country"s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.
A "southern" camp headed by French wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.
It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world"s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.
单选题—Hello．Zhu Hua．I'll have to return to Canada because I've worked here for a year． —______!A．What time fliesB．How time fliesC．What does time flyD．How does time fly
单选题Staying in a hotel costs ______ renting a room in a dormitory for a week． A．twice than B．twice as much as C．as much twice as D．as much twice
单选题The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions and in humans this organization is very marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great intercon-nectivity. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sense smell— more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence—awareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence. The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, and is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of the cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizontal lines do not develop neuron structures that respond to vertical orientations, showing that these structures are developed due to environmental input and not purely from genetic pre-determination. This is called self-organization of the visual cortex since there is no external teacher to guide the development of these structures.
单选题As our work is not done yet, I'm in no______to go out for a movie tonight.
单选题[此试题无题干]
单选题Giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers may create a division among psychologists whereby some will be able to prescribe and others will not. As a result, major discord could emerge. It is possible that psychologists with the fight to prescribe may consider themselves superior to those without the right. If gaining prescription privileges would lead to broader third party payments or full hospital privileges for those qualified to prescribe, psychologists unable to do so may feel that they have been accorded second class status in their profession. The debate, thus far, has focused on the training necessary to grant psychologists prescription privileges. Although this matter is important, of more basic concern are treatment implications and the future role of psychologists. Prescription privileges could move psychologists closer to a medical model and further away from their historical goal. Psychology began in the late 19th century as an application for psychological techniques. Its focus has been on assessment, behavioral interventions, Consuhation, and applied research. Before the widespread use of psychotropic medications, psychiatry emphasized the practice of psychotherapy. Gradually, psychiatry moved toward increased reliance on drugs and away from psychotherapy. It is possible, over time, that psychologists, like psychiatrists, could become more influenced by the use of medication. Despite the argument that prescription privileges significantly may alter traditional psychotherapeutic implications, some psychologists strongly feel that they would be looked upon more favorably, gain prestige, and increase their caseload if they could have the same status of prescribing medication as psychiatrists do. Does this mean that a lack of prescription privileges promotes the image of psychology as an inferior profession to psychiatry? Contrary to this argument is the fact that psychologists are delivering more outpatient mental health care than any other group of providers. Whatever some psychologists may perceive as a therapeutic drawback because they are unable to offer prescriptions for psychotropic medications apparently is not recognized by the general public. Psychologists may have flourished because they have offered a clear and distinct service from psychiatry. The use of medication may send a message to patients that may interfere with personal change and growth. Medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by implying that benefits come from external agents, not from one's own efforts at change and growth. A large portion of the population prefers the non-medication orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non-medical therapists. There is little question that psychologists' prescription privileges could have profound effects on the future direction of their profession.
单选题Woman: Do you mind if I take a couple of hours off this afternoon? Man: OK, but for what? Question: What is the woman asking for?
单选题(After) his (graduation) (from) the university, he has (worked) in a famous computer company. A. After B. graduation C. from D. worked
单选题Speaker A: Are you Ms. Kelsey, the office manager?
Speaker B: ______
A. Yes, I am. What can I do for you?
B. Oh, yes. What's your name please?
C. Yes. It's nice to have you here with us.
D. Oh, yes. But I'm very busy now.
单选题We tried to keep a ______, but he looked so ludicrous.
单选题Is there anying else______you want to get ready for the party this evening?
单选题The manager stubbornly ______ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing business of the company. A. hindered B. adapted C. imposed D. permitted
单选题When I was 16 years old, I made my first visit to the United States. It wasn"t the first time I had been
1
. Like most English children I learned French at school and I had often
2
to France, so I was used
3
a foreign language to people who did not understand
4
. But when I went to America I was really looking forward to
5
a nice and easy holiday without any
6
problems.
How wrong I was! The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a
7
telephone to give my American friend Danny a
8
and tell her I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me
9
lost and asked
10
he could help me. "Yes," I said, "I want to give my friend a ring." "Well, that"s
11
." he exclaimed. "Are you getting
12
? But aren"t you a bit
13
?" "Who is talking about marriage?" I replied. "I
14
want to give a ring to tell her I"ve arrived. Can you tell me where there"s a phone box?" "Oh!" he said. "There"s a phone downstairs."
When at last we
15
meet up, Danny
16
the misunderstandings to me. "Don"t worry," she said to me, "I had so many
17
at first. There are lots of words which the Americans
18
differently in meaning from
19
. You"ll soon get used to
20
things they say. Most of the time British and American people understand each other!"
单选题Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a hook as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. You soon bury yourself in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment.
This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is the main attraction of a book shop. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart"s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the greeting, "Can I help you?" You needn"t buy anything you don"t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing (浏览). Then, and only then, are his services necessary.
Once, a medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn"t obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in a certain bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was disappointed to find the book missing from its usual place. He was about to leave, when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning(招呼) to him. Expecting to be told off, he went towards him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was put away in a corner. "I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it!" he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.
单选题The latest strategies employed by BBC1 have helped attract a large number of audience to its ______time TV show.
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单选题A: Mind if I sit here?
B: ______
单选题"I'm sorry. Were you speaking to me ?" "Yes, I
was. Would you please ______ in this room?"
A. not to smoke
B. not smoke
C. no smoking
D. no smoke
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单选题Have you ever thought of ______ the Public Speech Contest?
单选题Which of the following would Williams want to be his legacy?
单选题China's employment and re-employment situation remains tough with a surge this year in the number of graduates hitting the job market and in unemployment in general, a senior official said. The country's registered average unemployment rate in urban areas reached 4 per cent last year and is expected to go higher this year, Labour and Social Security Minister Zheng Silin told Xinhua yesterday. There are nearly 14 million laid-off workers in urban areas so far. And more than 10 million new graduates are predicted to enter the work force Zheng said. To make things worse, about 150 million rural workers will head to the cities to seek employment, he said. Zheng, who was appointed as the minister during the first session of the 10th National People's Congress in March, has urged his departments nationwide to do more to assist laid-off workers to restart their lives.
单选题The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ______ his financial situation. A. with respect to B. in terms of C. regardless of D. in accordance with
单选题A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.
It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious(活泼的) than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable(稳定). And where the olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.
But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.
单选题Woman: It seems that you enjoy doing so many things at the same time. Man: It's not that I like that, but that I have too many irons in the fire. Woman: Haven't you felt that you have bitten more than you can chew? If I were you I would concentrate on finishing doing one thing before starting another. Man: Things are not that simple. In many cases things come to you in company. Question: What can we know from the conversation?
单选题From the context, he meaning of the sentence "When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she is like fish out of water" is ______.
单选题These Oranges taste ______.
单选题Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus. The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve. He saw a lot of people waiting in the station. Some were standing in line, and others were walking around. There was a group of schoolgirls. Their teacher was trying to keep them in line. Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit. He walked into the station cafe(咖啡馆). He looked up at the clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. He found a seat and sat down before a large mirror on the wall. Just then, Mike, one ofTom's workmates came in and sat with Tom. "What time is your bus?" asked Mike. "There's plenty of time yet," answered Tom. "Well, I'll get you some more tea then," said Mike. They talked while drinking. Then Tom looked at the clock again. "Oh! It's going backward!" he cried. "A few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve and now it's half past eleven. "He was puzzled on that. "You're looking at the clock in the mirror." said Mike. Tom was so sorry for that. The next bus was not to leave for another hour. Since then Tom has never liked mirrors.
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单选题Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali sand (碱砂). Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.
Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place "Tomesha"—the land of fire. Death Valley"s present name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness (庞大) and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Valley has been declared a National Monument (纪念碑) and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place.
Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil"s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures (沙雕) stand on a frightening ground, as evening shadows move and lengthen.
单选题Katie, I've bought many ______. Now let's make the birthday cake for Harriet.A. frozen foodB. fresh eggsC. chocolate milkD. rice dumplings
单选题Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in Bangladesh. The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21. Hundreds more are missing or feared dead.
The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhaka as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country. The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from travelling at night during the April-May stormy season.
One of the ferries, MV Mitali, was carrying far more people than it was supposed to. About 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300, police said the second ferry carried about 100 passengers. "The number of deaths is certain to rise," said an official in charge of the rescue work. "No one really knows how many people were on board or how many of them survived." Ferries in Bangladesh don"t always keep passenger lists, making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on board. Besides the ferry accidents, at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning strikes, falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats.
Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh, as are boating accidents. Ferry disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million people. Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures, too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions. Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh. It is a country covered by about 230 rivers. Some 20,000 ferries use the nation"s waterways (水路) every year. And many of them are dangerously overcrowded (过度拥挤). Since 1977, more than 3,000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents.
单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}}
Contrary to the impression that
grandmothers are delighted to help their grown daughters and care for their
grandchildren, a study of multigenerational families indicates that many older
women resent the frequent impositions of the younger generations on their home
and energy. "Young women with children are under a lot of
pressure these days, and they expect their mothers to help them pick up the
pieces," noted Dr. Bertram J. Cohler, a behavioral scientist at the University
of Chicago. "This is often the strongest source of resentment on the part of
Grandmother, who has finished with child caring and now has her own life to
live. Grandmothers like to see their children and grandchildren, but on their
own time." In all the four New England families studied, the
older women resented the numerous phone calls and visits from their grown
daughter, who often turned to their mothers for advice, physical resources,
affection, and companionship as well as baby sitting services. "American society
keeps piling on the burdens for older people, particularly those in their 50s
and 60s," Dr. Cohler said in an interview here. "They're still working and
they're taking care of their grown children and maybe also their aged parents.
Sometimes life gets to be too much. That's one reason many older folks move far
away, to Florida or Arizona. They need more space and time to attend to their
own affair and friends. Young people don't understand this, and that's part of
what create tension between generations." He has found that,
contrary to what the younger generations may have thought, older people have an
enormous amount to do. "More than half of working-class grandmothers still work,
and if they' re retired they have activities in the community that keep them
occupied," he said. "Each generation has got to appreciate the unique needs of
the other," Dr. Cohler went on. "The younger generation has to realize that
grandparents have busy, active lives and that they need privacy and more space
for themselves. And the older generation has to realize that continuing to be
part of the family is important to the younger generation and that they need
help and support." He noted that problems with interdependence
between generations were likely to be more intense in working-class families
than in middle and upper-class families. He explained that the working class
tended to be geographically less mobile and to have fewer outside resources and
that daughters were more likely to be reared with a strong family orientation
and less emphasis on establishing an independent
life.
单选题She is pleased with what you have given her husband and______you have fold him.
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单选题The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory. (北二外2006研)
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单选题Three years______before he returned home from the United States. A. denoted B. destined C. elapsed D. enveloped
单选题A really good day for Rob Borucki will be a day
单选题Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.
To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe led, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity.
What"s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.
All this mean that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20st. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be "zero impact". The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.
Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various ways land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental cost, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.
What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.
单选题Passage 9 According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today's traditional-age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)"than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective "is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life." It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the "altruistic" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. That's no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job--even before she completed her two-year associate degree. While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions--be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run! But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机) : "Miss Baxter," he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?" From the long-term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about.
单选题He was brought up ______ worker.
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单选题
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单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Every living thing has an inner
biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when
there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock
tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells
insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals
when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of
some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian
rhythms. Man has known about them for thousands of years. But
the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729.
In that year French astronomer, Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, noted that one
of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them
at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark
place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans.
They learned that man's biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a
little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock. About
four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to
study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off
from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian
rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for
common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness.
The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living
areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or
moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a
control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way
cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living
area. The instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the
blood, other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or
medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an
experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear
watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the
first four years of research, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men
between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as
six months. Last month, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper,
Dava Sobol, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered
the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports
about the experiment during that time, which were published in the
newspaper.
单选题______ the teacher's suggestion, Tom finally found a way to settle the
problem.
A. Following
B. To follow
C. Follow
D. He followed
单选题I've told you ______ that you cannot to out and play until you've finished your homework.
单选题(2010) Shanghai is one of the important____and financial centers of the world.
单选题If you don't take away all your things from the desk, there won't be enough ______ for my stationary.A. areaB. placeC. roomD. surface
单选题Before coming to India the writer ______.
单选题Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare' s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso' s painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form. This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of Florentine Cnmerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart' s The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending means. It bas been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits— the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as taydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.
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单选题One of the most common techniques is to add alloying elements that Uinhibit/U the corrosion.
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单选题It ______ Tom drives badly.A. thinks thatB. is thought whatC. thought thatD. is thought that
单选题For companies, the threat of drive-by hacking seems set to grow as software programs assisting hackers proliferate on the Internet.
单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for
each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SIIEET 1.
What can be said of the normal process
of aging, from a linguistic point of view? In general{{U}} (1) {{/U}},
there is a clear and{{U}} (2) {{/U}}relationship: no-one would have much
difficulty{{U}} (3) {{/U}}a baby, a young child, a teenager, a
middle-aged person, or a very old person from a tape recording. With
children,{{U}} (4) {{/U}}is possible for specialists in language
development, and people experienced{{U}} (5) {{/U}}child care, to make
very detailed{{U}} (6) {{/U}}about how language correlates with age in
the early years.{{U}} (7) {{/U}}is known about the patterns of
linguistic change that affect older people. It is plain that our voice quality,
vocabulary, and style alter{{U}} (8) {{/U}}we grow older, but research
(9) the nature of these changes is in its earliest stages. However.
a certain amount of{{U}} (10) {{/U}}is available about the production
and{{U}} (11) {{/U}}of spoken language by very old people, especially
regarding the phonetic changes that take place. Speech is{{U}}
(12) {{/U}}to be affected by reductions in the{{U}} (13)
{{/U}}of the vocal organs. The muscles of the chest{{U}} (14) {{/U}}, the
lungs become less elastic, the ribs{{U}} (15) {{/U}}mobile: as a
result, respiratory efficiency at age 75 is only about half{{U}} (16)
{{/U}}at age 30, and this has{{U}} (17) {{/U}}for the ability to
speak loudly, rhythmically, and with good tone In addition, speech is
affected by poorer movement of the soft palate and changes in the facial
skeleton, especially around the mouth and jaw. There are other, more general
signs of age. Speech rate slows, and fluency may be more erratic. Hearing{{U}}
(18) {{/U}}, especially after the early fifties. Weakening{{U}}
(19) {{/U}}of memory and attention may affect the ability to
comprehend complex speech patterns. But it is{{U}} (20) {{/U}}all had
news: vocabulary awareness may continue to grow, as may stylistic ability—skills
in narration, for example. And grammatical ability seems to be little
affected.
单选题He is expected Lo make a speech this afternoon, ______?
单选题A: I"ve called you a hundred times today.
B: ______. I was busy.
单选题We must get there before 7 o'clock. That's ______ we have to start so early. A. the reason that B. the reason for why C. why that D. why
单选题When all the people had assembled, the king, surrounded by his court, (21) a signal. Then a door beneath him opened, and the accused man stepped (22) into the arena. Directly opposite him were two doors, exactly (23) and side by side. It was the duty and the privilege of the (24) on trial to walk directly to these (25) and open one of them. He (26) open either door he pleased; he was subject to no (27) or influence. If he opened the one, there came out of it a hungry tiger, the (28) and most cruel that could be found, which (29) sprang upon him and tore him to pieces as a punishment for his guilt. (30) , if the accused person opened the other door, out of it came a (31) lady, and to this lady he was immediately married, as a reward of his innocence. This was the (32) method of administering justice. Its perfect fairness is obvious. The criminal could (33) know out of which door would come the lady; he opened either he pleased, without having the slightest (34) whether, in the next instant, he was to be devoured or married. So the accused person was instantly (35) if guilty, and, if innocent, he was rewarded on the spot.
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单选题What he says and what he does ______ not agree.A. are B. do C. has D. does
单选题Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey's application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU's Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic — in particular, the country's relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004(Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country's recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, " stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13. 4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey's inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $ 10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF's managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy's resilience". Resilience has not historically been the country's economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7% . It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons(along with red tape and corruption)why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment(as a percentage of GDP)is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $ 1 billion(whereas Ireland attracted over $ 25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000). One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what lm are now—ie, about 0. 53euro($ 0. 70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.
单选题Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is thief or a meter reader, and so on.
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But
an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince.
We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.
单选题According to paragraph 3, some workers have been killed by harmful pollutants in that
单选题{{B}}D{{/B}}
One of the qualities that most people
admire in others is the willingness to admit one's mistakes. It is extremely
hard sometimes to say a simple thing like "I was wrong about that," and it is
even harder to say, "I was wrong, and you were right about that."
I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made
a mistake fifteen years ago. He told me he had been the manager of a certain
store in the neighborhood where I grew up; and he asked me if I remembered the
egg cartons (in many countries, eggs are sold by the dozen and are put in
cartons). Then he related an incident(event, matter)and I began to remember
unclearly the incident he was describing. I was about eight
years old at the time. I went into the store with my mother to do some shopping.
On that particular day, I must have found my way to the food department where
the incident took place. There must have been a special sale on
eggs that day because there were lots of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons.
The cartons were put three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of
the piles of egg cartons. Just then a woman came by pushing her shopping cart
and knocked off the cartons. For some reason, I decided it was up to me to put
the eggs back together, so I went to work. The manager heard the
noise and came rushing over to see what had happened. When he appeared, I was on
my knees looking at some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken,
but to him it looked as though I was the one who just did it. He severely
reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs. I tried to explain, but
it did no good. Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident, it is plain
that the manager did not.
单选题Either dye or oil paints ______ to color the materials for making clothes in that factory.
单选题The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that, too, will happen. I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed, their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe. As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands of millions of people, will be within our power.
单选题The recordings differ from written stories in that ______.
单选题We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War Ⅱ as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱ and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.
Mies"s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood—materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies"s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago"s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city"s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings" details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1,200 square feet—than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by
California Arts & Architecture
magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
单选题Man: I have to phone my secretary before we leave.
Woman: There is not much time. Maybe you"d better get Tom to phone for you.
Question: What does the woman mean?
单选题Biologists have made a lot of progress in understanding ageing. They have not, however, been able to do much about slowing it down. A piece of work reported in this week's Nature by Darren Baker, though, describes an extraordinary result that points to a way the process might be improved. Dr Baker has shown— in mice, at least—that ageing body cells not only suffer themselves, but also have adverse effects on otherwise healthy cells around them. If such ageing cells are selectively destroyed, these adverse effects go away. The story starts with an observation that senescent cells often produce a molecule called P16INK4A. Dr Baker genetically engineered a group of mice that were already quite unusual. They had a condition called progeria, meaning that they aged much more rapidly than normal mice. The extra tweak he added to the DNA of these mice was a way of killing cells that produce P16INK4A. He did this by inserting into the animals' DNA, near the gene for P 16INK4A, a second gene that was, because of this proximity, controlled by the same genetic switch. This second gene, activated whenever the gene for P16INK4A was active, produced a protein that was harmless in itself, but which could kill the senescent cells by the presence of a particular drug. The results were spectacular. Mice given the drug every three days from birth suffered far less age-related body-wasting than those which were not. Their muscles remained plump and effective. And they did not suffer cataracts of the eye. They did, though, continue to experience age-related problems in tissues that do not produce P16INK4A as they get old. In particular, their hearts and blood vessels aged normally. For that reason, since heart failure is the main cause of death in such mice, their lifespans were not extended. Regardless of the biochemical details, the most intriguing thing Dr Baker's result provides is a new way of thinking about how to slow the process of ageing—and one that works with the grain of nature, rather than against it. Actually eliminating senescent cells may be a logical extension of the process of shutting them down, and thus may not have adverse consequences. It is not an elixir of life, for eventually the body will run out of cells, as more and more of them reach their Hayflick limits. But it could be a way of providing a healthier and more robust old age than people currently enjoy. Genetically engineering people in the way that Dr Baker engineered his mice is obviously out of the question for the foreseeable fixture. But if some other means of clearing cells rich in P 16INK4A from the body could be found, it might have the desired effect. The wasting and weakening of the tissues that accompanies senescence would be a thing of the past, and old age could then truly become ripe.
单选题Woman: Professor Smith, I really need the credits to graduate this summer.Man: Here in this school: the credits are earned, not given.Question: What do we learn from the conversation?
单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}}
The Greek's lofty attitude toward
scientific research—and the scientists' contempt of utility—was a long time
dying. For a millennium after Archimedes, this separation of mechanics from
geometry inhibited fundamental technological progress and in some areas
repressed it altogether. But there was a still greater obstacle to change until
the very end of the middle ages: the organization of society. The social system
of fixed class relationships that prevailed through the Middle Ages (and in some
areas much longer) itself hampered improvement. Under this system, the laboring
masses, in exchange for the bare necessities of life, did all the productive
work, while the privileged few—priests, nobles, and kings—concerned themselves
only with ownership and maintenance of their own position. In the interest of
their privileges they did achieve considerable progress in defense, in
warmaking, in government, in trader in the arts of leisure, and in the
extraction of labor from their dependents, but they had no familiarity with the
process of production. On the other hand, the laborers, who were familiar with
manufacturing techniques, had no incentive to improve or increase production to
the advantage of their masters. Thus, with one class possessing the requisite
knowledge and experience, but lacking incentive and leisure, and the other class
lacking the knowledge and experience, there was no means by which technical
progress could be achieved. The whole ancient world was built
upon this relationship—a relationship as sterile as it was inhuman. The
availability of slaves nullified the need for more efficient machinery. In many
of the conmonplace fields of human endeavor, actual stagnation prevailed for
thousands of years. Not all the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was
Rome could develop the windmill or contrive so simple an instrument as the
wheelbarrow—products of the tenth and thirteenth centuries
respectively. For about twenty-five centuries, two-thirds of the
power of the horse was lost because he wasn't shod, and much of the strength of
the ox was wasted because his harness wasn't modified to fit his shoulders. For
more than five thousand years, sailors were confined to rivers and coasts by a
primitive steering mechanism which required remarkably little alteration (in the
thirteenth century) to become a rudder. With any ingenuity at
all, the ancient plough could have been put on wheels and the ploughshare shaped
to bite and turn the sod instead of merely scratching it—but the ingenuity
wasn't forthcoming. And the villager of the Middle Ages, like the men who first
had fire, had a smoke hole in the center of the straw and reed thatched roof of
his one-room dwelling (which he shared with his animals), while the medieval
charcoal burner (like his Stone Age ancestor) made himself a hut of small
branches.
单选题
单选题When you are in your room, leave the door ______ so that your visitors
do not have to knock.
A. open
B. opened
C. opening
D. being open
单选题The main impact the Telecommunications Act of 1996 had on radio was to______.
单选题The construction of the building ______ by the end of this month. A. will have completed B. will have been completed C. will be completed D. will completed
单选题One of the first known methods of advertising is the outdoor ______ . A．display B．Journey C．exercise D．adventure
单选题When my son started going to "school" full time in February, I readied myself for immunological battle. Day-care kids get sicker than children who stay at home, and I knew mine" would, too. But other parents assured me that by kindergarten he"d be the healthiest kid in class. Last week parenting message boards lit up when a University of California, Berkeley, researcher presented unpublished data showing that children who attend playgroups or day care have a 30 percent lower risk of developing childhood leukemia than kids who don"t, possibly because they are exposed to more infections early in life.
The human immune system is an elegant mix of two parts—a built-in, or innate, system and an acquired one. The innate system has already read the manual on generic germs. The acquired system, by contrast, is a bookworm, reading on the go,, learning with every new microbial visitor and growing wiser as it ages. Together, the two systems assess the foods we eat, the particles we breathe, the bacteria we touch, then determine whether or not to attack.
Can a young immune system handle so much new information? Research published over the past decade is reassuring. Scientists at the University of Arizona found that 2-year-olds who attend day care in the first six months of life have almost twice as many colds as stay-at-home kids. But they have a third fewer colds between the ages of 6 and 11. By 13, there"s no difference in the groups, suggesting that the kids" immune systems catch up with each other. Several studies have found that children who go to day care early in life are also less likely to develop asthma.
The Arizona scientists discovered that high-risk children who start day care before 3 months old have lower levels of immunoglobutin E—a marker of allergic susceptibility connected to asthma-than non-day-care kids. Those levels remain low for the first three years of life. Anne Wright, the study"s lead author, says this doesn"t necessarily mean that kids benefit from being sick more often. She believes the findings support the "hygiene hypothesis," which suggests that simply being exposed to more microbes—which run rampant at day care—educates the immune system, making it less likely to launch unwarranted warfare.
All this is good to know. But I had to ask the experts: why am I getting: so sick? "Because you live with the source," says Liu. And I hug and kiss him a lot, too, so I"m probably getting a big dose of germs. It"s also possible that my immune system"s memory has faded a bit, making old harmless viruses look new and dangerous. Or I may be meeting bugs my immune system has never seen before. The most comforting words I heard were from Columbia University pediatrician Philip L. Graham Ⅲ, who told me that pediatricians get horribly sick during their first year of treating patients. After that, they"re immunological powerhouses.
单选题Which of the following is the organization of the passage?
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单选题
{{B}}Directions: {{/B}}
There are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each
followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that
appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue.
Mark your answer on the {{B}}ANSWER SHEET{{/B}} by drawing with a pencil a short bar
across the corresponding letter in the brackets.
单选题Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the
questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Want a glimpse of the future of health care? Take a look at the
way the various networks of people involved in patient care are being connected
to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver
medicine to the patient-no matter where he or she may be.
Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most
obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be
based on real physiological data from the actual patient. A group from the
university of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the shelf (现成的) PDA
(personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is
perfectly feasible to transmit a patient's vital signs over the telephone. With
this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit (急救包), the cry asking whether there
was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.
Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural
care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster
response-especially after earthquakes. Overall, the trend is towards providing
global access to medical data and expertise. But there is one
problem. Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical
images around the world-CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers.
Communications satellites may be able to cope with the short-term needs during
disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines. But medicine is looking towards
both the second-generation internet and third-generation mobile phones for the
future of distributed medical intelligence. Doctors have met to
discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine.
With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should
usher in (迎来) an era when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information,
expert opinion and diagnosis are common.
单选题The studies cited by the National Eating Disorders Association are made among
单选题Rubidium, potassium and carbon are three common elements used to date the history of Earth. The rates of radioactive decay of these elements are absolutely regular when averaged out over a period of time; nothing is known to change them. To be useful as clocks, the elements have to be fairly common in natural minerals, unstable but decay slowly over millions of years to form recognizable "daughter" products which are preserved minerals. For example, an atom of radioactive rubidium decays to form an atom of strontium (another element) by converting a neutron in its nucleus to a proton and releasing an electron, generating energy in the process. The radiogenic daughter products of the decay—in this case strontium atoms—diffuse away and are lost above a certain very high temperature. So by measuring the exact proportions of rubidium and strontium atoms that are present in a mineral, researchers can work out how long it has been since the mineral cooled below that critical "blocking" temperature. The main problems with this dating method are the difficulty in finding minerals containing rubidium, the accuracy with which the proportions of rubidium and strontium are measured, and the fact that the method gives only the date when the mineral last cooled below the blocking temperature. Because the blocking temperature is very high, the method is used, mainly for recrystallized (igneous or metamorphic) rocks, not for sediments—rubidium-bearing minerals in sediments simply record the age of cooling of the rocks which were eroded to form the sediments, not the age of deposition of the sediments themselves. Potassium decays to form (a gas) which is sometimes lost from its host mineral by escaping through pores. Although potassium-argon dating is therefore rather unreliable, it can sometimes be useful in dating sedimentary rocks because potassium is common in some minerals which form in sediments at low temperatures. Assuming no argon has escaped, the potassium-argon date records the age of the sediments themselves. Carbon dating is mainly used in archaeology. Most carbon atoms (carbon-12) are stable and do not change over time. However, cosmic radiation bombarding the upper atmospheres is constantly interacting with nitrogen in the atmosphere to create an unstable form of carbon, carbon-14.
单选题
单选题The consumer______in recent years has led to an explosion of shopping center development in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Canton.(厦门大学2012年试题)
单选题The ______ of his profession do not permit him to do that.
单选题
So what is depression? Depression is
often more about anger turned{{U}} (1) {{/U}}than it is about sadness.
But it's usually{{U}} (2) {{/U}}as sadness. Depression
can{{U}} (3) {{/U}}at all ages, from childhood to old age, and it's the
United States' No. 1{{U}} (4) {{/U}}problem. When
someone is depressed, her behavior{{U}} (5) {{/U}}change and she loses
interest in activities she{{U}} (6) {{/U}}enjoyed (like sports, music,
friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day and
for two weeks or more. What{{U}} (7) {{/U}}depression?
A{{U}} (8) {{/U}}event can certainly bring{{U}} (9)
{{/U}}depression, but some will say it happens{{U}} (10) {{/U}}a
specific cause. So how do you know if you're just having a bad day{{U}} (11)
{{/U}}are really depressed? Depression affects your{{U}} (12)
{{/U}}, moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes
often go{{U}} (13) {{/U}}or are labeled{{U}} (14) {{/U}}simply a
bad case of the blues. Someone who's truly{{U}} (15)
{{/U}}depression will have{{U}} (16) {{/U}}periods of crying spells,
feelings of{{U}} (17) {{/U}}(like not being able to change your
situation) and{{U}} (18) {{/U}}(tike you'll feel this way forever),
irritation or agitation. A depressed person often{{U}} (19)
{{/U}}from others, Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the
greatest{{U}} (20) {{/U}}of depression is suicide. The risk of
suicide increases if the depression isn't treated.
单选题It is so heavy that it can only be lifted with our ______ effort.
单选题During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to______ building materials to the upper floors.(2011年四川大学考博试题)
单选题Language, culture, and personality may be considered ______ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.(2010年厦门大学考博试题)
单选题It seems to me that you have been______your studies recently.
单选题The role of American women______significantly from the time the nation was born, to the modern era of the 1950s and 1960s.
单选题The book gives a brief______off the course of his research up till now.
单选题Modern linguistics began from the Swiss linguist______, who is often described as " father of modern linguistics".