单选题One of the political issues we hear a lot about lately is campaign finance reform. The people who are calling for (21) usually want the government to pay for campaigns and/or limit the mount of money that candidates and their supporters can spend. One reason that reform is (22) for is that it costs so much to run for political office. Candidates have to spend a great deal of time and effort (23) money. The incumbents (those already in office) have (24) time to do their jobs since they must attend so many fund raising events. Another (25) is the fear that candidates will be owned or controlled by the "special interest groups" that contribute to their campaigns. Sometimes this certainly seems to be the (26) . On the (27) side are those who caution that just because you call something "reform," doesn’t mean it’s really (28) . They (29) that our right to freedom of speech is meaningless if the government can limit anyone’s ability to get his or her message out to the people. If one person or a group of people want to tell the (32) what they think about an issue or candidate, they have to (31) advertising on TV, radio, and in newspapers and magazines. They might want to display billboards along highways and banners on heavily trafficked Web sites. All this (32) a-lot of money. Opponents of laws that regulate or limit spending say that you don’t really have freedom of speech or freedom of the press if you can’t get your message out. They say that in a democracy, the government should never be able to regulate political discussion or the means to distribute ideas. They believe that this is most important when the voters are about to make (33) . What do you think about this issue? Listen to what the (34) for national office have to say. Which candidates make the most, (35) to you?

单选题Silicon Valley likes to think of itself as morally exceptional. When Google went public in 2004, the company"s founders penned a letter to prospective shareholders that has become the Internet industry"s version of the Magna Carta. In it, they pledged that Google was "not a conventional company" but one focused on "making the world a better place." Though Silicon Valley"s newest billionaires may anoint themselves the saints of American capitalism, they"re beginning to resemble something else entirely: robber barons . Like their predecessors in railroads, steel, banking, and oil a century ago, Silicon Valley"s new entrepreneurs are harnessing technology to make the world more efficient. But along the way, that process is bringing great economic and labor dislocation, as well as an unequal share of the spoils. Take Apple"s manufacturing practices in China. By systematically outsourcing the assembly of iPhones and other gadgets to contract manufacturers like China"s Foxconn, Apple has reduced its overall cost of production and increased profit margins for shareholders. That"s neither unique nor necessarily evil. It"s a practice regularly adopted by all kinds of industries. But establishing an arm"s-length commercial relationship does not absolve a company from moral responsibility for the way its chosen partners treat workers. Labor issues at Foxconn have attracted bad press for some time. It was not until that negative publicity on New York Times last year that Apple took more meaningful action, allowing the Fair Labor Association to conduct special audits of its suppliers" factories in China. A bigger battle remains to be fought on the privacy front, where Silicon Valley"s misdemeanors are even more upsetting. Pushing the boundaries of what is generally considered acceptable, even decent, when it comes to exploiting personal information is a daily sport in the online world. That"s because a tweak here or there to the privacy settings of a social network or a tiny change to the code on a mobile application can mean a world of difference in the value of information an advertiser can access about a usually unaware user. Perhaps swayed by Silicon Valley"s altruistic spin or slow to catch up with its rapid growth, Washington has, up to now, largely left the industry to regulate itself on privacy. That"s clearly not working. Hardly a day passes without some new revelation of an Internet or mobile company stepping a byte too far into the private business of its customers. The original robber barons had decent intentions when they built railroads to connect America"s emerging cities and drilled oil wells that fueled the nation"s growth, but their empires still needed to be regulated, reined in, and in some cases broken up by vigilant watchdogs. Lofty words and ideals are fine for motivating employees and even for spurring sales, but they can also serve as cover for motives that clash with the broader interests of consumers and society. We need more than fancy promises to ensure that the rise of the Silicon Valley engineer is good for the world.

单选题Dear Jones, You have asked me for suggestions on how to get along in the United States. It is difficult to give advice, but I have found the following "dos" and" don'ts" helpful. As a (21) . it isn't easy to find anyone to talk to in a big city. However, here are some suggestions. First, get or borrow a dog! Walk him several times a day! Americans love dogs and usually stop to talk to anyone with a dog. Then, try to eat in a cafeteria. People generally (22) the same tables and will sometimes talk to you if they see that yon are a (23) . Next, take your dirty (24) to a laundry (洗衣店)! It takes about an hour to wash and dry, and many people wait there. They often pass the (25) talking to the other customers. (26) ask for information from a woman, if you are a (27) , and from a man, if you are a woman. It seems to get (28) results for a reason I can't understand. Learn the (29) : "Please", "Thank you", and" You' re welcome" before you come and use them all the time! They usually work like magic(魔术). There are some things you shouldn't do. Don't (30) the truth when people ask "How are you?" They only (31) the answer to be "Fine". Never ask people their (32) — especially women! Everyone wants to be young. Don't tell heavy people they are (33) . Tell them they are losing weight. Everyone here wants to be (34) . Don' t be late for appointments(约会)! When someone says six o'clock, be sure to be there by six. Americans respect (35) and expect everyone to be "on time". Above all, don't worry! Just follow my advice and bring a lot of money, you will get along. I hope I have been of some help to you. Cordially yours, Socrates

单选题{{B}}Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} To find out what the weather is going to be, most people go straight to the radio, television or newspaper to get an expert weather forecast. But if you know what to look for, you can use your own senses to make weather predictions. There are many signs which can help yon. For example, in fair weather the air pressure is generally high. Tile air is still and often full of dust. Faraway objects may look hazy. But when a storm is brewing, the pressure drops and you are often able to see things more clearly. Sailors took note of this long ago and came up with a saying "The farther the sight, tile nearer the rain. ' Your sense of smell can also help you detect weather changes. Just before it rains, odors become stronger. This is because odors are {{U}}repressed{{/U}} in a fair, high-pressure center. When a bad weather low moves in, air pressure lessens and odors are released. You can also hear an approaching storm. Sounds bounce off heavy storm clouds and return to earth with increased force. An old saying describes it this way: "Sounds traveling far and wide, a storm day will betide." And don't scoff if your grandmother says she can feel a storm corning. It is commonly known that many people feel pains in their bones or in corns and bunions when the humidity rises, the pressure drops, and bad weather is on the way.

单选题The more we (looked at) the (abstract) painting, (more we) liked (it).

单选题We may think we know the revealing signs of lying, be it shifty eyes or nervous behaviors. Professional interrogators look for such tells, too, assuming a suspect's nervousness betrays his guilt. But interrogation can unsettle even the innocent, so nervousness alone cannot distinguish liars from truth tellers. Scientists looking for better ways to detect lies have found a promising one: increasing suspects' "cognitive load." For a host of reasons, their theory goes, lying is more mentally taxing than telling the truth. Performing an extra task while lying or telling the truth should therefore affect the liars more. To test this idea, deception researchers led by psychologist Aldert Vrij of the University of Portsmouth in England asked one group to lie convincingly and another group to tell the truth about a staged theft scenario that only the truth tellers had experienced. A second pair of groups had to do the same but with a crucial twist: both the liars and the truth tellers had to maintain eye contact while telling their stories. Later, as researchers watched videotapes of the suspects' accounts, they tallied verbal signs of cognitive load (such as fewer spatial details in the suspects' stories) and nonverbal ones (such as fewer eyeblinks). The eyeblinks are particularly interesting because whereas rapid blinking suggests nervousness, fewer blinks are a sign of cognitive load, Vrij explains--and contrary to what police are taught, liars tend to blink less. Although the effect was subtle, the instruction to maintain eye contact did magnify the differences between the truth tellers and the liars. So do these differences actually make it easier for others to distinguish liars from truth tellers? They do-- but although students watching the videos had an easier time spotting a liar in the eye-contact condition, their accuracy rates were still poor. Any group differences between liars and truth tellers were dwarfed by differences between individual participants. For example, some people blink far less than others whether or not they are lying-and some are simply better able to carry a higher cognitive load. All this makes it hard to put the study's findings into practice--especially out in the field, where the people most likely to lie are those who are good at lying. "In the real world, there's no Pinocchio-like cue that distinguishes liars from truth tellers," says study co-author Ronald Fisher of Florida International University. Magnifying subtle differences may be the next best thing.

单选题In the eyes of the author, an economic reform in Japan

单选题Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without completely denying the existence either of a deity (the God) or of irrational matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self; therefore, all knowledge begins with self-knowledge. This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the "American Scholar" turns out to be simply "Man Thinking"; while, for Whitman, the "Song of Myself" merges imperceptibly into a song of all the " children of Adam", where " every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. " Also common to all five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individual's freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity. A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection their belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychology--and by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos, of which only intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers' faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them to conceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.

单选题1 There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and news- paper editors have struggled to define the community's responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her. The fact is, in New York State the system couldn't have saved her. It is almost impos sible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel. Why does the state permit violence against children? There are a number of reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod. Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful. Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recog nized the "liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control. " More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher's privilege to use cor poral punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitu tional imprimatur to parental use of physical force. Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for surviv al. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether any one or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an accepta ble method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents' conduct. More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doc trine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the vicious cy cle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.

单选题At first 1 thought I understood what she said, hut the more I thought about it, ______.

单选题The most important reason why so many companies have come to the U. S. is that ______.

单选题Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard. They were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies into states. In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men attended college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers of teachers. In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard law school. In 1825, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German, as well as Latin and Greek. Soon it began teaching American history. As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them. Special colleges for women were started. New state universities began to teach such subjects as farming, engineering and business. Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There is so much to learn that one kind of-school cannot offer it all.

单选题Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury. Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength. Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed. Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low- lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.

单选题The chemist and Nobel Prize winner ______ seriously injured in a car accident. A. were B. was C. are D. had been

单选题Ask her ______ she can came to see us off.A. thatB. whetherC. whichD. what

单选题The sense of sound is one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around us. Sound has a waste product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets any better. Scientists, for several years, have been studying how noise affects people and animals. They are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet is becoming harder to find. Noise pollution is a threat that should be looked at carefully. There is a saying that it is so noisy that you can"t hear yourself think. Doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don"t, we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems. Noise adds more tension (紧张) to a society that already faces enough stress. But noise is not a new problem. In ancient Rome, people complained so much about noise that government stopped chariots (四轮马车) from moving through the streets at night! Ways of making less noise are now being tested. There are even laws controlling noise. We cannot return to the "good old days" of peace and quiet. But we can reduce noise—if we shout loudly enough about it.