单选题Of greatest interest to those concerned with the environmental aspects of solid waste management is the issue of—and the need for—resource recovery and recycling. To many Americans, there is perhaps no greater symbol of our imbalance with nature and our mal-adaptation to its realities than the fact that we discard millions of tons of wastes every year which do, in act, have value. The American people realize now that trash need not be mere junk. It has the potential of becoming a significant vein or resources, a mother lode of opportunity for men of vision who can see beyond the horizon. The American people are right. And those who serve them can no longer view solid waste management solely in terms of collection and disposal. However, something more than the magic of science and technology is required to convert all this waste back into useful resources. In fact, in proportion to consumption, resource: recovery has been steadily losing ground in recent years in virtually every materials sector. Approximately 200 million tons of paper, iron, steel, glass, nonferrous metals, textiles, rubber and plastics flow through the economy yearly--and materials weighing roughly the same leave the economy again as waste. In spite of neighbor hood recycling projects, container recovery depots, paper drives, anti-litter campaigns, local ordinances banning the non-returnable bottle, and file emergence of valuable new technological approaches, only a trickle of the "effluence of affluence" is today being diverted from the municipal waste stream. The principal obstacles are economic and institutional, not technological. The cost of recovering, processing and transporting wastes is so high that the resulting products simply cannot compete, economically, with virgin materials. Of course, it the true costs of such economic "externalities" as environmental impact associated with virgin materials use were reflected in production costs and if there were no subsidies to virgin materials in the form of depletion allowances and favorable freight rates, the use of secondary materials would become muck more attractive. But they are not now. There are no economic or technical events on the horizon, short of governmental intervention, that would indicate a reversal of this trend. If allowed to continue to operate as it does now, the economic system will continue to select virgin raw materials in preference to wastes. This fact should be etched into the awareness of those who look to recycling as a way out of the solid waste management dilemma.

单选题{{B}}阅读理解三{{/B}} {{B}}Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.{{/B}} Most of us have seen a dog staring at, sometimes snarling at, and approaching a reflection of itself. For most animals, seeing their own image in a mirror acts as a social stimulus. But does the dog recognize itself, or does the reflection simply signal a potential companion or threat? This question is interest for a number of reasons. Apart from curiosity about the level of animals' understanding, research on self-recognition in animals has several benefits. It provides some insight into the evolutionary significance of this skill of self-recognition and into the level and kinds of cognitive competence that the skill requires. Such research also indicates the kinds of learning experiences that determine the development of self-recognition. In addition, work with animals fosters the use of techniques that are not dependent on verbal responses and that may therefore be suitable for use with preverbal children. The evidence indicates that dogs and almost all other nonhumans do not recognize themselves. In a series of clever experiments, however, Gallup has shown that the chimpanzee does have this capacity. Gallup exposed chimpanzees in a small cage to a full-length mirror for ten consecutive days. It was observed that over this period of time the number of self-directed responses increased. These behaviors included grooming parts of the body while watching the results, guiding fingers in the mirror, and picking at teeth with the aid of the mirror. Describing one chimp, Gallup said, "Marge used the mirror to play with and inspect the bottom of her feet; she also looked at herself upside down in the mirror while suspended by her feet from the top of the cage; she was also observed to stuff celery leaves up her nose using the mirror for purposes of visually guiding the stems into each nostril." Then the researchers devised a further test of self-recognition. The chimps were anesthetized and marks were placed over their eyebrows and behind their ears, areas the chimps could not directly observe. The mirror was temporarily removed from the cage, and baseline data regarding their attempts to touch these areas were recorded. The data clearly suggest that chimps do recognize themselves, or are self-aware, for their attempts to touch the marks increased when they viewed themselves. Citing further evidence for this argument, Gallup noted that chimpanzees with no prior mirror experience did not direct behavior to the marks when they were first exposed to the mirror; that is, the other chimpanzees appeared to have remembered what they looked like and do have responded to the marks because they noticed changes in their appearance.

单选题Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. There is one fairly standard reason why some thinkers regard the meaning-of-life question as being itself meaningless. They argue {{U}}(51) {{/U}} meaning is a matter of language, not objects. It is a {{U}}(52) {{/U}} of the way we talk about things, not a feature of things themselves, {{U}}(53) {{/U}} shape, weight or colour. A cabbage or a computer is not meaningful in itself; it becomes {{U}}(54) {{/U}} only by being caught up in our conversation. On this theory, we can make life {{U}}(55) {{/U}} by our talk about it; but it cannot have a meaning in itself, {{U}}(56) {{/U}} than a cloud can. It would not {{U}}(57) {{/U}} sense, for example, to speak of a cloud as being true or false. {{U}}(58) {{/U}}, truth and falsehood are function of our human judgments about clouds. However, there are problems with this argument, {{U}}(59) {{/U}} there are with most philosophical arguments. We shall be {{U}}(60) {{/U}} a few of them later on.

单选题She insisted that the seats ______ in advance. A. booked B. be booked C. are booked D. were to book

单选题The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ______.

单选题Woman: Professor White’s presentation seemed to go on forever. I was barely able to stay awake. Man: How could you sleep through it? It is one of the best that I have ever heard on this topic. Question: What does the man think of Professor White’s presentation?

单选题The Wrights bought a new house but will need painting before they can move in． A．they B．it C．one D．which

单选题It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit bumpy. We won't take the new one ______ because we feel as safe on it. A. however B. though C. nevertheless D. whatsoever

单选题Thank you for applying for a position with Our firm. We do not have any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on ______ for two months.

单选题These figures are based on the______that the economy will continue to improve.

单选题It seems difficult to ______ "hurt" from "injure" in meaning.A. judgeB. tellC. divideD. separate

单选题It was because he wanted to draw money from the bank ______ he went downtown yesterday. A. when B. how C. why D. that

单选题Jack, the boss, asked Steven to leave — ____ , she was filed.

单选题From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction. With a good book in hand we could never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold dear or because they represent unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but friends we make in books could never weary us with their company. By turning the pages we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy and encouragement. One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay for our way, no airship or ocean liner or streamlined train to transport us, no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.

单选题A. leaf B. cease C. read D. meadow