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单选题______ among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.A. Working B. Having worked C. To worked D. Being worked
单选题Not until I got to the railway station ______ my ticket missing. A. I did find B. did I find C. I found D. had I found
单选题Directions: In this part there are three
passages and one advertisement, each followed questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line
though the center. If someone asked you.
"What color is the sky?" I expect that you would answer, "Blue. " I am afraid
that you would be wrong. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking
at blue sunlight. The sunlight is shining on little bits of dust in the
air. We know that there is air all around the world. We could
not breathe without air. Airplanes could not fly without air. They need air to
lift their wings. Airplanes cannot fly very high because as they go higher the
air gets thinner. If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no
air. What is the sky? The sky is space. In this space there is nothing except
the sun, the moon and all the stars. Scientists have always
wanted to know more about the other worlds in the space. They have looked at
them through telescopes and in this way they have found out a great
deal. The moon is about 384, 000 kilometers away from the
earth. An airplane cannot fly to the moon but there is a thing that can fly even
when there is no air. This is rocket. I am sure that you are
asking. "How does a rocket fly? " If you want to know, get a balloon and then
blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie up the neck of the balloon. Let go
! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the
balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through neck of the ball and this pushes
the balloon through the air. It does not need wings like an air plane.
This is how a rocket works. It is not made of rubber like a balloon, of
course. It is made of metal. The metal must not be heavy but it must be very
strong. There is gas inside the rocket which is made very hot. When it rushes
out of the end of the rocket, the rocket is pushed up into the air.
Rockets can fly far out into space. Rockets with men inside them have
already reached the moon. Several rockets, without men inside them, have been
sent to other worlds much farther away. One day rockets may be
able to go anywhere in the space.
单选题A society should not
have a strong desire
to some utopian ideal, but should strive for something else.
单选题By "...is there a lack of creative talent on a par with Miyazaki... "(Line 3, Paragraph 2) the author means
单选题3 World Trade Organization Director-general Renato Ruggiero predicted that the WTO would boost global incomes by ﹩1 trillion in the next ten years. The pact paves the way for more foreign investment and competition in telecom markets. Many governments are making telecom deregulation a priority and making it easier for outsiders to enter the telecom- munication business. The pace varies widely. The U. S. and Britain are well ahead of the pack, while Thai- land won't be fully open until 2006. Only 20% of the ﹩ 601 billion world market is currently open to competition. That should jump to about 75% in a couple of years—largely due to the Telecom Act in the U. S. last year that deregulated local markets, the opening up of the European Union's markets from Jan. 1, 1998 and the deregulation in Japan. The WTO deal now provides a forum for the inevitable disputes along the way. It is also symbolic.. the first major trade agreement of the post-industrial age. Instead of being obsessed with textile quotas, the WTO pact is proof that governments are realizing that in an information age, telecom is the oil and steel of economies in the future. Businesses around the world are already spending more in total on telecom services than they do on oil. Consumers, meanwhile, can look forward to a future of lower prices—by some estimates, international calling rates should drop 80% over several years—and better serv- ice. Thanks in part to the vastly increased call volume carded by the fiber-optic cables that span the globe today, calling half a world away already costs little more than telephoning next door. The monopolies can no longer set high prices for international calls in many countries. In the U. S. , the world's most fiercely competitive long distance market, fre- quent callers since last year have been paying about 12 cents a minute to call Britain, a price not much more than domestic rates. The new competitive environment on the horizon means more opportunities for compa- nies from the U. S. and U. K. in particular because they have plenty of practice at the roughand tumble of free markets. The U. S. lobbied hard for the WTO deal, confident that its firms would be big beneficiaries of more open markets. Britain has been deregulated since 1984 but will see even more competition than before, in December, the government issued 45 new international licenses to join British Telecom so that it will become a strong competitor in the international market. However, the once-cosseted industry will get rougher worldwide. Returns on capital will come down. Risks will go up. That is how free markets work. It will look like any other business.
单选题I ______ my teacher to write a reference letter to me if I see him.
单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}}
On Mar. 14, when Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
announced its first foray into Japan, the Bentonville (Ark.) retailing giant
placed a big bet that it could succeed where countless other foreign companies
have failed. In the past five years, a number of famous Western brands have been
forced to close up shop after failing to catch on in Japan, one of the world's
largest--but most variable--consumer markets. May Wal-Mart
{{U}}make a go of{{/U}} it where others have stumbled? One good sign is that the
mass marketer is not rushing in blindly. It has taken an initial 6.1% stake in
ailing food-and-clothing chain Seiyu Ltd. , which it can raise to a controlling
33.4% by yearend and to 66.7% by 2007. That gives Wal-Mart time to revise its
strategy--or run for the exits. The question is whether Wal-Mart
can apply the lessons it has learned in other parts of Asia to Japan. This,
after all, is a nation of notoriously finicky consumers--who have become even
more so since Japan slipped into a decade-long slump. How will Wal-Mart bring to
bear its legendary cost-cutting savvy in a market already affected by falling
prices? Analysts are understandably skeptical. "It is uncertain whether
Wal-Mart's business models will be effective in Japan," Standard & Poor's
said in a Mar. 18 report. Much depends on whether Seiyu turns
out to be a good partner. The 39-year-old retailer is a member of the reputed
Seibu Saison retail group that fell on hard times in the early '90s. It also has
deep ties to trading house Sumitomo Corp. , which will take a 15% stake in the
venture with Wal-Mart. Perhaps the best thing that can be said of Seiyu's
400-odd stores is that they're not as deeply troubled as other local retailers.
Still, there's a gaping chasm between the two corporate cultures. "We've never
been known for cheap everyday pricing," says a Seiyu spokesman. Another
potential problem is Sumitomo, which may not want to lean on suppliers to the
extent that Wal-Mart routinely does. The clock is ticking.
Wal-Mart executives say they need several months to "study" the deal with Seiyu
before acting on it, but in the meantime a new wave of hyper-competitive
Japanese and foreign rivals are carving up the market. If Wal-Mart succeeds, it
will reduce its reliance on its home market even further and--who knows? --it
may even revolutionize Japanese retailing in the same way it has in the U.
S.
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
We sometimes hear that essays are an
old-fashioned form, that so-and-so is the "last essayist", but the facts of the
marketplace argue quite otherwise. Essays of nearly any kind are so much easier
than short stories for a writer to sell, so many more see print, it's strange
that though two fine anthologies (collections) remain that publish the year's
best stories, no comparable collection exists for essays. Such changes in the
reading public's taste aren't always to the good, needless to say. The art of
telling stories predated even cave painting, surely; and if we ever find
ourselves living in caves again, it (with painting and drumming) will be the
only art left, after movies, novels, photography, essays, biography, and all the
rest have gone down the drain--the art to build from. Essays,
however, hang somewhere on a line between two sturdy poles: this is what I
think, and this is what I am. Autobiographies which aren't novels are generally
extended essays, indeed. A personal essay is like the human voice talking, its
order being the mind's natural flow, instead of a systematized outline of ideas.
Though more changeable or informal than an article or treatise, somewhere it
contains a point which is its real center, even if the point couldn't be uttered
in fewer words than the essayist has used. Essays don't usually boil down to a
summary, as articles do, and the style of the writer has a "nap" to it, a
combination of personality and originality and energetic loose ends that stand
up like the nap (绒毛) on a piece of wool and can't be brushed flat. Essays belong
to the animal kingdom, with a surface that generates sparks, like a coat of fur,
compared with the flat, conventional cotton of the magazine article writer, who
works in the vegetable kingdom, instead. But, essays, on the other hand, may
have fewer "levels" than fiction, because we are not supposed to argue much
about their meaning. In the old distinction between teaching and storytelling,
the essayist, however cleverly he tries to conceal his intentions, is a bit of a
teacher or reformer, and an essay is intended to convey the same point to each
of us. An essayist doesn't have to tell the whole truth and
nothing but the truth, he can shape or shave his memories, as long as the
purpose is served of explaining a truthful point. A personal essay frequently is
not autobiographical at all, but what it does keep in common with autobiography
is that, through its tone and tumbling progression, it conveys the quality of
the author's mind. Nothing gets in the way. Because essays are directly
concerned with the mind and the mind's peculiarity, the very freedom the mind
possesses is conferred on this branch of literature that does honor to it, and
the fascination of the mind is the fascination of the
essay.
单选题What can be inferred from the passage about integrity checkers? A．They safeguard against viruses by looking for specific virus signatures. B．They are not effective against stealth viruses. C．They fingerprint program files and various system booters and store the information in an off-line database. D．They offer protection against all potential viruses by identifying each virus by name.
单选题If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written on it an aceount(记录) of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes people did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write. Sometimes, of course, even if the people can not write, they may know something of the past. For most people can tell proudly what their fathers did in the past. This we may call "remembered history". Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is, because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written re- cords, such spoken stories are often very helpful.
单选题Woman: You came home just to lie on the couch and fix your eyes on the box.
Man: Yon said it. For years it"s been everyone"s little dirty secret about TV watching. But I"ll "come out of the closet" , and claim it loud that I am a "tuber and proud".
Question: What can we learn from this conversation?
单选题We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?
Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.
Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.
单选题I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ______
character.
A. gracious
B. suspicious
C. unique
D. particular
单选题Writing about music is like dancing about architecture, or so the saying goes. Sometimes attributed to Frank Zappa, other times to Elvis Costello, this quote is usually intended to convey the futility of such an endeavor, if not the complete silliness of even attempting it. But Glenn Kurtz's graceful memoir, Practicing- A Musician's Return to Music, turns the expression on its head, giving it a different meaning by creating a lovely, unique book. Kurtz picked up the guitar as a kid in a music-loving family, attended the Long Island music school, and went on to play on Merv Griffin's TV show before graduating from Tufts University. Motivating the young Kurtz was the dream of reinventing classical guitar, as if by his great ambition alone he could push it from the margins of popular interest to center stage--something not even accomplished by the late Spanish guitarist Andres Segovia, perhaps the only artist of the form ever to reach anything resembling widespread celebrity. This book reads like a love story of sorts: Boy meets guitar. Boy loves guitar. Guitar breaks boy's heart or, more precisely, the ordinariness of a working musician's life does so. "I'd just imagined the artist's life naively, childishly, with too much longing, too much poetry and innocence and purity," Kurtz writes. "The guitar had been the instrument of my dreams. Now the dream was over." Boy leaves guitar. Were the story to end here, this book would be a tragedy, but after nearly a decade the boy returns to guitar, and although he has lost the enthusiasm he had in his youth, he finds his love of the guitar again in a way he never could have appreciated before. Although Kurtz is writing about a unique musical path, his journey speaks eloquently to the heart of anyone who has ever desperately yearned to achieve something and felt the sting of disappointment. "Everyone who gives up a serious childhood dream--of becoming an artist, a doctor, an engineer, an athlete--lives the rest of their life with a sense of loss, with nagging what ifs, "he writes. "Is that time and effort, that talent and ambition, truly wasted?/
单选题You Can never ______ that fellow for help at a critical moment．
单选题On the afternoon of April 19th, 1587, Sir Francis Dr. ake led his convoy of 31 ships into the port of Cadiz, (1) the Spanish navy was being prepared to (2) England. The Spanish were (3) completely by surprise, and Dr. ake's men quickly looted, sank or burnt every ship in sight. After clearing the harhour of stores and (4) off a Spanish attack,Dr, aka and his ships (5) without the loss of a single man. Back in England, Dr. aka became a national hero, and his daring attack became known as the "singeing of the King of Spain's beard". As well as (6) back the Spanish plan to invade England by several months, Dr. ake's daring attack (7) the success of a popular new drink. For among the stores that he (8) from Cadiz were 2,900 large barrels of sack, a wine made in the Jerez region of Spain, and the (9) of today's sherry. The wine makers of Jerez looked for overseas markets, and sack started to take off in England. In 1587, the celebratory drinking of the sack brought back from Cadiz by Dr. ake gave it a further (10) and made it hugely fashionable, (11) its Spanish origin. For (12) chemical reasons, sack was an unusually long-lasting and (13) wine. This made it ideal for taking on long sea voyages, (14) which alcoholic drinks acted as a vital social lubricant that (15) the hardship of spending weeks packed into a (16) ship. Columbus took sack with him to the new world in the 1490s, making it the first wine to be (17) into the Americas. In 1604, sack was (18) official recognition of (19) when James I (20) an ordinance limiting its consumption at court. By this time sack was popularly known as sherris-sack (sherris being a corruption of Jerez), which eventually became the modern word sherry.
单选题The two men were ______ of receiving stolen property.
单选题{{B}}练习三{{/B}}
When we think of entrepreneurs, most of
us imagine dynamic, successful, over-achievers like Bill Gates of Microsoft,
Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, Inc. or Jim Boyle of Columbia Sportswear, to
name a few contemporary heroes. The truth is that we often fail to recognize
entrepreneurs all around us: the corner grocery store owner, the family
physician who opens a medical practice in our neighborhood, or the young person
who delivers the morning paper. Each is creating business opportunities through
entrepreneurship, although the process of entrepreneurship would be markedly
different from each other. According to Jeffery Timmons, author
of "New Venture Creation" (1990), there are three crucial components for a
successful new venture: the opportunity, the entrepreneur, and the resources
needed to start the company and make it grow. The opportunity is the idea for a
new business. The entrepreneur is the person who develops the idea for a
business into a business. Resources include money, people and skill. In this
unit, we focus on entrepreneurs, one of the critical ingredients for success of
a new business: Who are they? What makes them tick? One factor
which distinguishes Bill Gates from the morning paper deliverer is the level of
business success each desires to achieve. Determining what success means to you
is a crucial element in the early stages of new venture planning. How you
measure success in life shapes your views of business opportunities and small
business. We begin this unit with a look at success: what it means and how it is
measured.{{B}}Defining Success through Personal Evaluation{{/B}}
“Most people spend less time planning their new business than they do
their family vacation” (Canadian Small Business,1997). Yet, selecting the right
business idea and planning for its success are crucial steps in new venture
planning. You will learn more about opportunity identification, or how to find
and evaluate business ideas. For now, let's focus on success.
Success is how you define it. What success means to you will not
likely be what success means to someone else. Success is very personal and
subjective. We usually measure success in one of three ways:
Success can be measured in dollars, usually earnings.
Success can be measured by the value of our possessions, including our
home. Success can be measured through our personal
values. Whether you define success by money, possessions,
personal values or a combination of the three is up to you. How we define
success significantly influences our selection of a business to start. Our view
of success becomes our framework for evaluating business opportunities. If we
think a business opportunity has the potential to raise us to our desired level
of success, we give it further consideration. If not, we usually discard the
idea. For example, if the paper deliverer defined success as earning $75.00 of
spending money per month and he or she was earning $200.00 per month, then they
would consider their venture highly successful.{{B}}Visioning and Goal Setting
for Business Success{{/B}} Planning for business success begins
with an understanding of ourselves, who we are and where we want to go in our
professional lives. Enrolling in college is one step toward fulfilling our
vision of the future. Two processes which are helpful to would-be entrepreneurs
are visioning and goal-setting. Success begins with a vision of
who we are, what drives us and what we want. This vision of ourselves is the
foundation that will give us guidance and direction in the conduct of our lives
and businesses. Visioning involves development of a clear mental picture of what
we would like to become in the next five to ten years.
Goal-setting involves developing a list of things you would like to
achieve in your personal or professional lives—your goals. Goal-setting is the
action plan for achieving your vision of life. According to the authors of
"Canadian Small Business," goals should be "SMART," i.e. Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic, and Time-oriented. Entrepreneurship
begins with an understanding of who we are and where we want to go. For millions
of Canadians, starting a business of their own was the path chosen to get them
where they wanted to go. Understanding what success means to you and the level
of success you are willing to accept in life is one of the first stages of new
venture planning. Visioning and goal-setting are tools you can use to develop a
clear picture of who you are, where you are going and what you need to do to get
there.
单选题
单选题Television has opened windows in everybody"s life. Young men will never again go to war as they did in 1914. Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle. And the result has been a general loathing of war, and perhaps more interest in helping those who suffer from all the terrible things that have been shown on the screen.
Television has also changed politics. The most distant areas can now follow state affairs, see and hear the politicians before an election. Better informed, people are more likely to vote, and so to make their opinion count.
Unfortunately, television"s influence has been extremely harmful to the young. Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world; that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless. They believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable. All educators agree that the "television generations" are more violent than their parents and grandparents.
Also, the young are less patient. Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and interesting, they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn"t do funny things like the people on children"s programs. And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten, fifteen, or thirty minutes. That"s the time it takes on the screen.
单选题Einstein became professor of physics at Princeton in 1933, ( ) he lived until his death in 1935.
单选题
单选题Poor old Bill had a lot of money ______ while he was on holiday.
单选题
单选题Tom had a car accident yesterday but he was only ______ wounded.
单选题It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change you life.
单选题
Dinosaurs were reptiles which became
extinct about 65 million years ago. The most intriguing question about dinosaurs
has always been "{{U}} (21) {{/U}}did they die out?" There is no simple
answer to this question,{{U}} (22) {{/U}}many hundreds of scientists are
studying the problem. They are not studying the extinction of the dinosaurs{{U}}
(23) {{/U}}, but the whole question of extinction. Many other plants
and animals have{{U}} (24) {{/U}}in the past, and it is important to
understand{{U}} (25) {{/U}}this happened. Having this information could
help save many species that are{{U}} (26) {{/U}}in the modern world.
Humans are causing extinctions now, because of pollution and other damage{{U}}
(27) {{/U}}the environment. Maybe the dinosaurs can tell us how to
save the earth today,{{U}} (28) {{/U}}their extinction 65 million years
ago! Some of the early dinosaur scientists, 100 years ago, thought the dinosaurs
died out because the{{U}} (29) {{/U}}changed, and they could not
breathe. Others thought that the dinosaurs disappeared simply because they
became too big. They were{{U}} (30) {{/U}}to move and
could not find enough food{{U}} (31) {{/U}}One theory is that a huge
killer meteorite{{U}} (32) {{/U}}the earth. Some scientists{{U}}
(33) {{/U}}that the extinction of dinosaurs was possibly due to
rapid{{U}} (34) {{/U}}of the planet's climate. Perhaps huge amounts of
lava pours out of volcanoes in India. This sent up vast{{U}} (35)
{{/U}}of dust that blacked out the sun, and made the earth icy
cold.
单选题NOBODY else in the computer industry, or any other industry for that matter, could put on a show like Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and conjure up a "magical" or "incredible" new electronic gadget in front of an awed crowd, were the performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and shuffle numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and "the results appear to be magic". He spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed easy to use products. In retrospect, Mr Jobs was a man ahead of his time during his first stint at Apple. Computing"s early years were dominated by technical types. But his emphasis on design and ease of use gave him the edge later on. Elegance, simplicity and an understanding of other fields came to matter in a world in which computers are fashion items, carried by everyone, that can do almost anything. "Technology alone is not enough, " said Mr Jobs at the end of his speech introducing the iPad, in January 2010. " It"s technology married with liberal arts, married with humanities, that yields the results that make our hearts sing. " It was an unusual statement for the head of a technology firm, but it was vintage Steve Jobs. His interdisciplinary approach was backed up by an obsessive attention to detail. A carpenter making a fine chest of drawers will not use plywood on the back, even though nobody will see it, he said, and he applied the same approach to his products. " For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through. " He insisted that the first Macintosh should have no internal cooling fan, so that it would be silent—putting user needs above engineering convenience. He called an Apple engineer one weekend with an urgent request: the colour of one letter of an on-screen logo on the iPhone was not quite the right shade of yellow. He often wrote or rewrote the text of Apple"s advertisements himself. His on-stage persona as a Zen-like mystic notwithstanding, Mr Jobs was an autocratic manager with a fierce temper. But his egomania was largely justified. He eschewed market researchers and focus groups, preferring to trust his own instincts when evaluating potential new products. "A lot of times, people don"t know what they want until you show it to them, " he said. His judgment proved uncannily accurate: by the end of his career the hits far outweighed the misses. Mr Jobs was said by an engineer in the early years of Apple to emit a "reality distortion field" , such were his powers of persuasion. But in the end he changed reality, channelling the magic of computing into products that reshaped music, telecoms and media. The man who said in his youth that he wanted to " put a ding in the universe" did just that.
单选题The energy problem is not merely a short-term crisis. Geologists
1
that 80 percent of all the oil
2
in the US will be used
3
before the year 2000. We might even come to the end of our coal reserves, abundant as they are, before another century is over. Americans have been
4
this situation suddenly. Many are unprepared even to recognize
5
, and most of us are unprepared to meet it. We are unprepared
6
our habits and traditions, and our national life
7
based on a history of material abundance.
With about 6 percent of the world"s
8
, we in the US
9
nearly 50 percent of the world"s energy resources. Such resources within the US
10
are still ample by any standards except our own.
单选题My mother likes to have her hair______.
单选题What is the narrator' s feeling about their present living?
单选题M: The taxi driver must have been speeding.W: Well, not really! He crashed into the tree because he was trying not to hit a box that had fallen off the truck ahead of him.Q: What do we learn about the taxi driver? A. He turned suddenly and ran into a tree. B. He was hit by a fallen box from a truck. C. He drove too fast and crashed into a truck. D. He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him.
单选题For the most part, rapid economic development has been a favor. But there is a down side to development—health problems such as overweight are all becoming more common, as more people take taxis to work instead of riding their bicycles, and other labour-saving devices become more popular. An increasingly fast pace of life makes it difficult for people to spend time playing sports. " I know exercise is good for your health, " a young lady said, " But after a busy work week, the only thing I want to do is watching TV and going to sleep. " That attitude may explain the results of a recent nationwide study, which suggested 15 percent of urban adults in China have heart problems. Local researchers found that 31. 2 percent of elderly respondents were getting enough exercise, but less than 9 percent of youngsters and the middle-aged got enough physical activity. Elderly people understand the importance of protecting their health. The young people, however, are busy working and use this as an excuse to avoid exercise. In fact, physical exercise doesn't require much time, money or a special gymnasium. People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports. Walking quickly, cycling, climbing the stairs and dancing are all helpful methods to improve one's health. The benefits of adding a little more activity to your life are priceless. " There is no need to be an athlete (运动员) , however, "a local doctor said. People should walk for 30 minutes a day and take part in some other physical activities three to five times a week. He warns, however, that people in poor physical shape should start slowly, and build up over time.
单选题So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible. " Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. " When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminate& Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.
单选题Man: Mary doesn't want me to take the job. She says our child is too young. And the job requires much travelling. Woman: You should talk to her again and see if you can find a way out. Think about the gains and losses before you make the decision. Question: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is thinking about taking a new job. B. The man likes a job that enables him to travel. C. The man is sure that he will gain more by taking the job. D. The man doesn't want to stay home and take care of their child.
单选题Directions: For each blank in the following
passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer
on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the
corresponding letter in the brackets. Educational
attitudes in a country may be a {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}by
which its basic cultural values are reflected. To take the American higher
education {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}example, university
classrooms share certain identical features though they {{U}} {{U}}
3 {{/U}} {{/U}}from course to course in some aspects. Any student,
{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}their ethnic and social background,
is not only allowed but also encouraged to have chances for active participation
in class. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, teachers often expect
independent learning {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}their students.
It will be most appreciated if a student can {{U}} {{U}} 7
{{/U}} {{/U}}the initiative and complete the assignment without too much
{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}upon his or her instructors. These
two {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}features in American university
classrooms actually manifest the basic American values, especially self-reliance
and {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}of opportunity.
单选题Without the help of people from every corner of the world, people in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province ______ recovered very quickly from the May twelfth Earthquake. A. must not have B. couldn't have C. may not have D. can't have
单选题The (scientific) revolution of the early 1900s (affected) education by (change) the nature of (technology).A. scientificB. affectedC. changeD. technology
单选题The case had erupted round my head. A. metaphor B. Metonymy
单选题The international Olympic Games, A
regarded
as the world's most B
prestigious
athletic competition, C
take place
once D
every the four years
.
单选题
单选题Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage ______on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.
单选题Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the surveys?
单选题November 7,2000 is a very special day in the United States. Voters all across the nation are (21) representatives in local and national races. Some people think that they're voting for the president of our country too. They're not! Again, they're voting for (22) . These representatives are called electors. They are part of a system called the Electoral College. In most states the electors are chosen on a winner take all basis. That makes it (23) for one candidate to win (24) electors while getting less popular votes nationally than his (25) . The (26) will meet in their respective states and vote for president and vice-president on December 18, 2000. The Constitution does not (27) the electors to vote for the candidates that they are pledged to, but they almost always do. (28) January 6, 2001, just two weeks before the (29) president and vice-president take office, the votes will be counted in Congress. If no one gets a majority (more than half) of the electoral votes, at least 270 out of 538, the (30) will be chosen by Congress. The House of Representatives will choose (one vote per state) the president and the Senate will choose the vice-president. It’s not likely, but we could (31) end up with a president from one party and a vice-president from (32) . In an extremely close election, all (33) of strange outcomes are possible. Will the (34) that most voters prefer be the next (35) ? And when will we even know?
单选题Every means (have) been (tried) (but) without (much) success.
单选题The music indicates the way in which Mozart was developing his ideas in 1773 as he attempted to shake off his reputation as a child
prodigy
and be taken seriously as a composer.
单选题Losing his job was a financial {{U}}catastrophe{{/U}} for his family.
单选题The protection of cultural diversity from a political and economic point of view in fact became pressing with globalization, which is characterized by the liberalization on a large scale of economic and commercial exchange, and thus, what has been called the commodification of culture. It has been noted, for instance, that over the past 20 years, trade in cultural goods has quadrupled and the new international rules (WTO, OECD) on trade are increasingly removing State support and protection measures in favour of national goods and services in the name of market freedom and free trade. For those in favour of the promotion of cultural diversity, which includes Canada, France and the Group of 77 (group of developing countries), the aim is above all to obtain from the United States the guarantee that the “Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions”, signed by UNESCO in November 2005, would not be subordinated to international trade instruments. Indeed, for the United States and other supporters of free trade, the convention is a had idea and the measures referred to above stem quite simply from an interventionist conception of the State which is not likely to favour the market. Subsidies to cultural enterprises, the imposition of broadcast quotas and restrictions on foreign ownership of the media would, for them, interfere with the natural development of the market. In addition, even though it is not official, the convention on cultural diversity is for many Americans an attempt to undermine the global supremacy of their audiovisual industries. If the general understanding of cultural diversity is based mainly on binary distinctions such as modern culture/local culture, the reality of cultural diversity is not binary, but stems from respect for and acceptance of differences, dialogue, and the quest for shared values, in order to leave behind the monologism that is a feature of the information society. In this setting, diversity is consequently a way of approaching the structure of how we live together, based on the acceptance of a plural vision of the world. We can see then that cultural diversity is perceived here as the integration, rather than the superposition or juxtaposition of cultures and that the information society in which it is expressed is above all a society of shared knowledge.
单选题The horror stories are based on ______.
单选题The Indian 'Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world. Only the Pacific and the Atlantic are larger. More than one-fifth of all the world's water supply is in the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean touches four different continents. To the south is Antarctica and to the east is Australia. Africa lies to the west and Asia lies to the north. There are several important islands in the Indian Ocean. These include Madagascar, the largest one, which is near Africa, and Sri Lanka, which is near India. There is also a group of islands called the Seychelies near the African coast. The Indian Ocean is extremely important to the countries in southeast Asia. Strong winds from the Indian Ocean bring warm weather, and heavy rains are necessary for growing food.
单选题Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of the devastating effects of large-scale environmental pollution. Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish policies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the world's population to squander the majority of its natural resources. While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high...remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale. A large proportion of the world's pollution has its source much close to home. Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job. Try not to inhale traffic fumes, keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you want to stay at home. But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea. Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical "nasties" are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities. Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target. The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia Howard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air. Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals, most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. In fact, in many cases, the degree of exposure to toxic chemicals in tap water by inhalation is comparable to the exposure that would result from drinking the stuff. This is significant because many people are so concerned about water-borne pollutants that they drink only bottled water, worldwide sales of which are forecast to reach $ 72 billion by next year. Dr. Corsi's results suggest that they are being exposed to such pollutants any way simply by breathing at home. The aim of such research is not, however, to encourage the use of gas masks when unloading the washing. Instead, it is to bring a sense of perspective to the debate about pollution. According to Dr. Corsi, disproportionate effort is wasted campaigning against certain forms of outdoor pollution; when there is as much or more cause for concern indoors, fight under people's noses. Using gas cookers or burning candles, for example, both result in indoor levels of carbon monoxide and particulate matter that are just as high as those to be found outside, amid heavy traffic. Overcrowded classrooms whose ventilation systems were designed for smaller numbers of children frequently contain levels of carbon dioxide that would be regarded as unaccepted on board a submarine. "New car smell" is the result of high levels of toxic chemicals, not cleanliness. Laser printers, computers, carpets and paints all contribute to the noxious indoor mix. The implications of indoor pollution for health are unclear. But before worrying about the problems caused by large-scale industry, it makes sense to consider the small-scale industry, it makes sense to consider the small-scale pollution at home and welcome international debate about this. Scientists investigating indoor pollution will gather next month in Edinburgh at the Indoor Air conference to discuss the problem. Perhaps unwisely, the meeting is being held indoors.
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
It is easier to negotiate initial
salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational
cortstraints(约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your
chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don't at least
ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more,and this holds true with
other resources,not just pay increases. Consider Beth's stoly: I
did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubiele(小隔间) offices
and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by
one they were moved into window offices,while I re- mained in the cubicles.
Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular
told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his
negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the
cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would
be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but
"nice" isn't a quality at- tributed to most organizations. If you feel you
deserve a significant raise in pay, you'11 probably have to ask for
it. Performance is your best bargaining chip(筹码) when you are seeking
a raise. You must be able to dem- onstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is
also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she
needs(a new client or a sizable contract,for example) just before merit pay
decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you
want. Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what
you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your
services? Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips
on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to
guide the direction of the interaction.
单选题______ the expense, I ______ a round-the-world tour.
A. Were it not ... would take
B. If it were not ... take
C. Weren't it for ... will take
D. If it hadn't been for ... would have taken
单选题There are three bodies of writing that come to ______ this question and we will consider each in turn.
单选题To understand how Americans think about things, it is necessary to understand "the point". Americans mention it often: "Let's get right to the point, " they will say. "My point is…" "What is the point of all this?"
The " point" is the idea of the piece of information that Americans suppose is, or should be, at the center of people's thinking, writings, and spoken comments. Speakers and writers are supposed to " make their points clear" , meaning that they are supposed to say or write clearly the idea of the piece of information they wish to express.
People from many other cultures have different ideas about the point. Africans traditionally tell stories that express the thoughts they have in mind, rather than stating the point clearly. Japanese traditionally speak indirectly, leaving the listener to figure out what the point is. Thus , while an American might say to a friend, "I don't think that coat goes very well with the rest of your
outfit
, " a Japanese might say, "Maybe this other coat would look even better than the one you have on. "Americans value a person who " gets right to the point. " Japanese are likely to consider such a person insensitive if not rude.
The Chinese and Japanese languages are characterized by vagueness(模糊)and ambiguity(歧义). The precision and directness Americans associate with "the point" cannot be achieved, at least not with any grace, in Chinese and Japanese. Speakers of those languages thus have to learn a new way of reasoning and expressing their ideas if they are going to communicate satisfactorily with Americans.
单选题______ his reply, Mary became very angry and decided to write again. A. Not having received B. Having not received C. Not received D. Received not
单选题This card ______ you to see a free film at the new theatre.
单选题The shopkeeper took off 5 percent ______for cash.
单选题When Ted Kennedy gazes from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbor's "Golden Stairs", where all eight of his great-grandparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming America's immigration laws is an "awesome responsibility". Mr. Kennedy is the Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national skills shortage and offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him. As drafted, the bill seeks to mend America's broken immigration system in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would tighten border security. It provides for 200 miles (320km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure employers verify that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for those who knowingly hire illegals. As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an "amnesty" that would encourage further waves of illegal immigration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of success ) on an anti-illegal-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as "so limited it's almost a joke". Conservative talk-radio echoed his call. No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all go home if the laws against hiring them are vigorously enforced. Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers "a ready pool of labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections" for everyone else. Two Democratic senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400000 to 200000 people a year. Employers like the idea of more legal migrants but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will have to check the immigration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even if only one employee in a hundred is falsely labelled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks, too. Employers are better placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantages—illegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in demand. Other groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship would be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party is "about families and family values". Some people worry that House Democrats will kill it to prevent Mr. Bush from enjoying a domestic success. Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citizens if they work hard and behave.
单选题Man: To collect data for my report, I need to talk to someone who knows
that small city very well. I was told that you lived there for quite a long
time. Woman: Oh, I wish I could help. But I was only a child
then. Question: What does the woman imply?
A. She's never been to the city.
B. She doesn't remember much about the city.
C. She would find someone else to help.
D. She would talk to the man later.
单选题The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ______the size of St. Peter's in Rome.
单选题Life is often compared( )a Stage by many writers.
单选题______ the train had departed ______ she left the station for home． A．It is only then; that B．It is only when; what C．It was only that; when D．If was only when; that
单选题Speaker A: I was wondering whether you needed any part-timers(业余工).Speaker B.______
单选题______parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.
单选题As a matter of rule, the scrap value of a vessel can hardly be at ______ with the sound value.
单选题First, the spotted owl was threatened by logging in the Pacific Northwest. Now it's in danger from a new enemy, the barred owl. Barred owls have been moving to the Northwest from the eastern part of the United States. Stan Sovern has studied spotted owls. Now when he calls for spotted owls, barred owls are starting to appear. Sovern threw a mouse on the ground, and a barred owl grabbed it. Scientists have learned that spotted owls start to vanish when barred owls come. Some barred and spotted owls have mated and produced hybrid babies. One spotted owl was killed by a barred owl. Professor Ned K. Brown of the University of California-Berkeley says, "In some areas of Washington, the barred owls moved into very dense, deep woods. The time kind of woods that are opened up, or destroyed by logging, that adversely influences the spotted owls." Ten years have passed since the federal government began protecting the spotted owl. Loggers were forced to limit logging on seven million acres of government land. No one is sure how the arrival of the barred owls will impact laws that protect spotted laws. The barred owls like to live in the deep forests where loggers like to cut down trees. The barred owls will likely keep migrating to the Northwest.
单选题I will invite some of my friends to my home on Christmas Eve, and I do wish all of them will have a ______ evening.A. gladB. pleasantC. excitingD. interesting
单选题You remember that A
favourite story of yours
, B
one about
how the army captain and the woman C
whose book he discovered
got to know one another D
solely through
writing letters?
单选题Hill slopes were cleared of forests to make way for crops, which now only______the crisis.
单选题We all associate colors with feelings and attitudes. In politics, dark blue often means "tradition", and red means "social change". But blue can also mean sadness (I'm feeling blue). White is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding, in western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets ( clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (tike wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty). Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increased in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quietness and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity. In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and at- tacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally re- presented by the color red; serf-preservation by its complement green.
单选题"Tulip", "rose" and "violet" are all included in the notion of "flower". Therefore they are superordinates of "flower". (北二外2006研)
单选题Do not be ______ by what he has said this time.
单选题Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always Ulean on/U him.
单选题You ______ me, did you?
单选题At first the disease affected only his foot but now it has Uspread/U to his leg.
单选题Entrepreneurs are everybody's darlings these days. They may be small, but they are innovative. And innovation, we are assured, is the main engine of economic growth. For policymakers everywhere, the task is to get the little critters to nest and breed. Give them the conditions they like--plenty of venture capital, tax breaks and a risk-taking culture—and the sun will shine on all of us, just like in California. Along comes Amar Bhide to tell us most of this is plain wrong. Entrepreneurs, he asserts, are not risk-takers at all. Nor do most of them innovate, or depend on venture capital. His findings are striking enough. Start with his assertion that entrepreneurs are not innovators or risk-takers. The vast majority of new businesses, he points out, start small and stay that way. These are the hairdressing salons, corner shops and landscape gardeners. Those are mature, predictable industries. For just that reason, they are the least profitable. The success stories come in areas of high uncertainty, where markets are changing fast because of technology, regulation or fashion. A very large proportion, unsurprisingly, are in computing. But Mr. Bhide insists they are rarely innovative. The people who start high-growth businesses take a humdrum idea, usually from someone else, then change it constantly to fit the market. The starting point is much less important than what happens next. Nor are they risk-takers. These are typically young people, with no money, expertise or status. They have nothing to lose. Risk arrives later on, when they have made their pile and must decide whether to invest in long-term growth or sell out. This is one reason why so few promising start-ups become a Dell or Microsoft. Taking planned, calculated risks is the job of big, established companies, Mr. Bhide argues. True entrepreneurs rarely have the temperament for it. What they have, instead, is a high tolerance for ambiguity--defined as knowledge that you know you do not have. Few of Mr. Bhide's interviewees began with any kind of business plan. That would have been a waste of time: the future was simply too uncertain. Therein lay their opportunity. Big companies may be happy with risk, but they cannot stand ambiguity. They can invest billions in a chip plant or oil field, but only when they know the odds. When the odds are unknown, entrepreneurs have the game to themselves.
单选题(2002)ln the driving class, Jack made slow but______improvement.
单选题You can negotiate virtually anything. Some people negotiate deals for a living. Dr Herb Cohen is one of these professional talkers, called in by companies to negotiate on their behalf. He approaches the art of negotiation as a game because, as he is usually negotiating for somebody else, he says this helps him drain the emotional content from his conversation. He is working in a competitive field and needs to avoid being too adversarial. Whether he succeeds or not, it is important to him to make a good impression so that people will recommend him. The starting point for any deal, he believes, is to identify exactly what you want from each other. More often than not, one party will be trying to persuade the other round to their point of view. Negotiation requires two people at the end saying "yes". This can be a problem because one of them usually begins by saying "no". Top management may well reject the idea initially because it is the safer option but they would not be there if they were not interested. It is a misconception that skilled negotiators are smooth operators in smart suits. Dr Cohen says that one of his strategies is to dress down so that the other side can relate to you. Pitch your look to suit your customer. You do not need to make them feel better than you but dressing in a style that is not overtly expensive or successful will make you more approachable. People will generally feel more comfortable with somebody who appears to be like them rather than superior to them. They may not like you but they will feel they can trust you. Dr Cohen also suggests that the best way to seI1 your proposal is by getting into the world of the other side. Do not be too clever which will alienate them; do not rush what you are saying—put a few hesitations in; do not try to blind them with your verbal dexterity. Inevitably some deals will not succeed. Generally the longer the negotiations go on, the better chance they have because people do not want to think their investment and energies have gone to waste. However, joint venture can mean joint risk and sometimes, if this becomes too great, neither party may be prepared to see the deal through. More common is a corporate culture clash between companies. Even having agreed a deal, things may not be tied up quickly because when the lawyers get involved, everything gets slowed down as they argue about small details. Dr Cohen thinks that children are the masters of negotiation. They understand the decision-making process within families perfectly. If Mum refuses their request, they will troop along to Dad and pressure him. If they cannot get what they want again, they will try the grandparents, using some emotional blackmail. They can also be very single-minded and have an inexhaustible supply of energy for the cause they are pursuing. So there are lessons to be learned from watching and listening to children.
单选题The young man ______ forgot that his girl friend's birthday was drawing ______.A. nearly; nearlyB. near; nearlyC. nearly; nearD. near; near
单选题______ in doing an examination, the time passed by quickly. A. Being absorbed B. Having been absorbed C. When they were absorbed D. Be absorbed
单选题Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love to talk to each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone. In countries like Russia and China, people use mobile phone in places where there is no ordinary telephone. Business people use mobiles when they"re traveling. In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send email message and access the Internet. They use a new kind of mobile phone called "imode". You can even use a mobile phone listen to music.
Mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagers. Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can call home if they are in trouble and need help. So they feel safer. But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch with their friends or play simple computer games. It"s cool to be the owner of a small expensive mobile. Research shows that teenage owners of mobile phone smoke less. Parents and schools are happy that teenagers are safer and smoke less.
But many people dislike them. They hate it when the businessman opposite them on the train has a loud conversation on his phone. Or when mobile phone ring in a café or restaurant. But there is a much more serious problem. It"s possible that mobile phone can heat up the brain because we hold the phone so close to our head. Scientists fear that mobiles can perhaps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer.
单选题He drives much ______ than he did three years ago. A) careful B) carefully C) more careful D) more carefully
单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this part there are 4 passages
followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested
answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice on the
Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding
letter in the brackets. {{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
The first ancient Olympics were held in 776 B. C. The games
got their name from Olympia, the Greek city where they took place. Like the
summer Olympics of today, the ancient Olympics were held every four
years. Thousands of people from all over the Greek world came to
watch. The main stadium held about 45,000 people. "We have accounts of visitors
and pilgrims setting up tents all around the site," Lisa Cerrato of Tufts
University said. During the first Olympics, there was only one
competition—a 200-meter race. But over time the games grew to include wrestling,
chariot racing, boxing, and other sports. Women were not allowed to compete, but
they had their own separate games. "The ancient athlete became
celebrities(名人), just like today. They often lived the rest of their lives being
treated to free dinners," Cerrato said. "City-states even tried to steal away
each other's athletes by offering them various awards." The
ancient Olympics existed until A. D. 393. But the modem Olympics are still going
strong.
单选题Wendy. Do you know what Daisy's boyfriend does? Bill：______ A. He's not a professional writer. B. He travels a lot on business. C. Isn't he a salesperson? D. He meets with Daisy twice a week.
单选题In which of the following magazines would this passage most probably appear?
单选题When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group — the National Bioethics Advisory Commission(NBAC)— has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations. NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning." Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions , although some details have not been settled. NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos(the earliest stage of human offspring before birth)for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation , but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still "up in the air".
单选题Simply switching Chinese drivers from burning oil to using electricity
1
is created by burning coal—responsible
2
more than 70 percent of such power presently in the Middle Kingdom—may not
3
greenhouse gas emissions enough. "Electric vehicles only make
4
if you are also committed
5
decarbonizing electricity," Sperling notes.
And globally, it will take a long time for electric vehicles to displace the internal combustion engine. "It would
6
until 2029 to swap to all electric vehicles
7
all new vehicle sales from today forward
8
electric vehicles," notes chemical engineer David Rogers. The Toyota Prius and ears like it—hybrid electric vehicles,
9
rely on conventional motors in conjunction
10
electric ones—grew to only as
11
as 5 percent of new vehicle sales in the last 10 years. "This thing is going to take a long time."
It may be buses and taxis
12
lead the change
13
their circumscribed routes and return to fixed locations. "Buses are big
14
to hold batteries," Wang notes, and they are
15
purchased by big-pockets governments
16
ordinary citizens.
One thing seems clear: most driving will be done with internal combustion engines, at
17
for the near future, whether in China, the U. S. or elsewhere. "Under current conditions, only 1
18
2 percent of Chinese consumers
19
willing to buy hybrid vehicles," Wang says. "Consumers are not yet
20
to be willing to pay for the environment out of their own pocket."
单选题The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light lamp bulbs--or even to run a small electric motor--is almost unbelievable, but several kinds of fish are able to do this. Even more strangely, this curious power has been acquired in different ways by fish be- longing to very different families. Perhaps the best known are the electric rays, or torpedoes (电鱼), of which several kinds live in warm seas. They posses on each side of the head, behind the eyes, a large organ consisting of a number of hexagonal shaped cells rather like a honeycomb. The cells are filled with a jelly-like substance, and contain a series of flat electric plates. One side, the negative side, of each plate, is supplied with very fine nerves, connected with a main nerve coming from a special part of the brain. Current passes from the upper, positive side of the organ downwards to the negative, lower side. Generally it is necessary to touch the fish in two places, completing the circuit, in order to receive a shock. The strength of this shock depends on the size of the fish, but newly born ones only about 5 centimeters across can be made to light the bulb of a pocket flashlight for a few moments, while a fully grown torpedo gives a shock capable of knocking a man down, and, if suitable wires arc connected, will operate a small electric motor for several minutes. Another famous example is the electric eel. This fish gives an even more powerful shock. The system is different from that of the torpedo in that the electric plates run longitudinally(纵向) and are supplied with nerves from the spinal(脊骨) cord. Consequently, the current passes along the fish from head to tail. The electric or gans of these fish are really altered muscles and like all muscles are apt(likely) to tire, so they are not able to produce electricity for very long. The power of producing electricity may serve these fish both for defence and attack.
单选题The population of China is ______ than ______ of any other country in the world.
单选题Some cultures have customs that ______ the clothing fashions of people
in certain social classes.
A.modify
B.alter
C.regulate
D.revise
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单选题Mr. Brown would like to make______on his house, but he was disappointed.
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单选题The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor.
单选题Do you know how to use a mobile phone without being rude to the people around you? Talking during a performance irritates(激怒)people. If you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate(振动). When your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance. Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public places — especially enclosed spaces. Would you want to listen to someone's conversation in these places? Worse yet, how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral? It happens more often than you think. Avoid these embarrassing situations by making sure your mobile phone is switched off. When eating at a restaurant with friends, don't place your mobile phone on the table. This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you. Mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on a regular phone. This enables you to speak quietly so that others won't hear the details of your conversation. If you are calling in a noisy area, use your hand to direct your voice into the microphone.
单选题There are many commonly held beliefs about eyeglasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can
develop
loss of vision if they have the wrong glasses.
We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in dim light causes pool eyesight, but that is unique. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. But, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not permanently damage eyesight.
Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transferred from one person to another. There are close to one million nerve fibers that connect the eyeball to the brain, and as if yet it is impossible to attach them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye—the cornea and the retina-can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, someday a full transplant may be possible!
单选题Transportation has increased each person' s mobility. Initially, one could walk about 20 miles a day; using a horse or bicycle would double or triple(三倍)this range. Today one can travel halfway around the world in a day. Through increased mobility, one's range of acquaintances can be worldwide. Business and professional interactions also can be on a worldwide basis. With such wide-scale travel opportunities, business and culture will never be the same. In terms of sociology, teenage people in the United States view obtaining a driver' s license as one rite(仪式)of passage toward adulthood(成年). The automobile is a means for them to escape parental supervision(监管). The automobile is blamed for the decline of small towns; persons with cars are able and willing to travel longer distances to the stores and other attractions of larger communities. In the United States, the school bus also led to the decline of small towns because it made it possible to consolidate(合并)numerous small schools. Small villages where small schools were closed went into decline. Transportation has increased employment opportunities, because one can travel to reach more potential jobs, and a professional person can cover a wider area. In sparely settled areas, for example, veterinarians(兽医)and physicians make calls using small aircrafts. Transportation activities also provide employment opportunities; working for carriers and shippers, constructing vehicles and roadways, and working in government agencies involved with transportation. However, as transportation facilities and opportunities increase, there are some groups left behind. The poor, the feeble(弱者), the elderly, and the disabled are in danger of being ignored because they lack equal access to transportation systems. In many locations in the United States, automobile ownership as well as use is virtually a requirement. Society is uncertain as to what responsibilities it has for transportation systems that can be used by those without automobiles. Another negative impact relates to injuries and deaths caused by transportation. While airline crashes the most publicity, highway accidents cause a tremendous number of fatalities(死亡)and injuries. Fortunately, the number is decreasing owing to considerable improvement in auto safety. This includes safer roads, lower speed limits, use of seat belts, and stricter enforcement of laws against driving while drunk.
单选题Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to he noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion; either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours; are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
单选题Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.
单选题We advise that you take ______ of the market situation and accept our offer. A．advance B．advertisement C．advantage D．acknowledge
单选题[此试题无题干]
单选题It is the world's fourth-most-important food crop, after maize, wheat and rice. It provides more calories, more quickly, using less land and in a wider range of climates than any Other plant. It is, of Course, the potato. The United Nations has declared 2008 the International Year of the Potato. It hopes that greater awareness of the merits of potatoes will contribute to the achievement of its Millennium Development Goals, by helping to alleviate poverty, improve food security and promote economic development. It is always the international year of this or month of that. But the potato's unusual history means it is well worth celebrating by readers of The Economist because the potato is intertwined with economic development, trade liberalisation and globalisation. Unlikely though it seems, the potato promoted economic development by underpinning the industrial revolution in England in the 19th century. It provided a cheap source of calories and was easy to cultivate, so it liberated workers from the land. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, as people there specialised in livestock farming and domestic industry, while farmers in the south (where the soil was more suitable ) concentrated on wheat production. By a happy accident, this concentrated industrial activity in the regions where coal was readily available, and a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its "historically revolutionary role". The potato promoted free trade by contributing to the abolition of Britain's Corn Laws-the cause which prompted the founding of The Economist in 1843. The Corn Laws restricted imports of grain into the United Kingdom in order to protect domestic wheat producers. Landowners supported the laws, since cheap imported grain would reduce their income, but industrialists opposed them because imports would drive down the cost of food, allowing people to spend more on manufactured goods. Ultimately it was not the eloquence of the arguments against the Corn Laws that led to their abolition-and more's the pity. It was the tragedy of the Irish potato famine of 1845, in which 1million Irish perished when the potato crop on which they subsisted succumbed to blight. The need to import grain to relieve the situation in Ireland forced the government, which was dominated by landowners who backed the Corn Laws, to reverse its position. This paved the way for liberalisation in other areas, and free trade became British policy. As the Duke of Wellington complained at the time, "rotten potatoes have done it all. " In the form of French fries, served alongside burgers and Coca-Cola, potatoes are now an icon of globalisation. This is quite a turnaround given the scepticism which first greeted them on their arrival in the Old World in the 16th century. Spuds were variously thought to cause leprosy, to be fit only for animals, to be associated with the devil or to be poisonous. They took hold in 18th century Europe only when war and famine meant there was nothing else to eat; people then realised just how versatile and reliable they were. As Adam Smith, one of the potato's many admirers, observed at the time, "The very general use which is made of potatoes in these kingdoms as food for man is a convincing proof that the prejudices of a nation, with regard to diet, however deeply rooted, are by no means unconquerable. " Mashed, fried, boiled and roast, a humble tuber changed the world, and free-trading globalisers everywhere should celebrate it.
单选题To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your students; you must be a【C1】______speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to【C2】______what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear.【C3】______a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still【C4】______his class: he stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his【C5】______, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will【C6】______the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is【C7】______about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn' t mean that he will indeed be able to act【C8】______on the stage, for there are very important【C9】______between the teacher' s work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the【C10】______words each time he plays a certain part; 【C11】______ his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully, learnt words and actions seem【C12】______on the stage. A good teacher【C13】______in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his【C14】______; they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they don't understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his aet to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must【C15】______it as he goes along.
单选题The current political debate over family values personal responsibility, and welfare takes for granted the entrenched American belief that dependence on government assistance is a recent and destructive phenomenon. Conservatives tend to blame this dependence on personal irresponsibility aggravated by a swollen welfare apparatus that saps individual initiative. Liberals are more likely to blame it on personal misfortune magnified by the harsh lot that falls to losers in our competitive market economy. But both sides believe that "winners" in America make it on their own that dependence reflects some kind of individual or family failure, and that the ideal family is the self-reliant unit of traditional lore--a family that takes care of its own, carves out a future for its children, and never asks for handouts. Politicians at both ends of the ideological spectrum have wrapped themselves in the mantle of these "family values" arguing over why the poor have not been able to make do without assistance, or whether aid has exacerbated their situation, but never questioning the assumption that American families traditionally achieve success by establishing their independence from the government. The myth of family self-reliance is not compelling that our actual national and personal histories often buckle under its emotional weight. "We always stood on our own two feet", my grandfather used to say about his pioneer heritage, whenever he walked me to the top of the hill to survey the property in Washington State that his family had bought for next to nothing after it had been logged off in the early 1900s. Perhaps he didn't know that the land came so cheap because much of it was part of a federal subsidy originally allotted to the railroad companies, which had received 183 million acres of the public domain in the nineteenth century. These federal giveaways were the original source of most major western logging companies' land, and when some of these logging companies moved on to virgin stands of timber, federal lands trickled down to a few early settlers who were able to purchase them inexpensively. Like my grandparents, few families in American history--whatever their "values" have been able to rely solely on their own resources. Instead, they have depended on the legislative, judicial and social support structures set up by governing authorities, whether those authorities were the clan elders of Native American societies, the church courts and city officials of colonial America, or the judicial and legislative bodies established by the Constitution. At America's inception, this was considered not a dirty little secret but the norm, one that confirmed our social and personal interdependence. The idea that the family should have the sole or even primary responsibility for educating and socializing its members, finding them suitable work, or keeping them from poverty and crime was not only ludicrous to colonial and revolutionary thinkers but dangerously parochial.
单选题Suppose you go into a fruiterer's shop, wanting an apple—you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour. The shopman offers you a third; but, before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried. Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place you have performed the operation of induction. You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second. True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make an induction; you generalize the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness. You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find it hard and green, you say, "all hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple is sour." That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism, and has all its various parts and terms — its major premises, its minor premises, and its conclusion. And by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination, "I will not have that apple. " So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and upon that you have founded a deduction, and reasoned out the special particular case. Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at some times afterwards, you are discussing the qualities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, "It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!" Your friend says to you, "But how do you know that?" You at once reply, "Oh, because I have tried them over and over again, and have always found them to be so." Well, if we are talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification. And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, "I have heard from people, in Somerset shire and Devon shire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and eaten, that they have observed the same thing." It is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America. In short, I find it to be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been directed to the subject. Whereupon, your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is convinced that you are quite right in the conclusion you have drawn. He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, and results of the same kind arrived at—that the more varied the conditions under which the same results are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further. He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says with you, therefore, that the law you have laid down must be a good one, and he must believe it.
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单选题The ______ are a hard-working people.
单选题I arrive at nine o'clock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal; that is my morning ______. A) habit B) custom C) practice D) routine
单选题Discipline cannot be ______ until the last day of school has passed.
单选题She was unimpressed by the actor, describing him as "a vain man and ______ dull". A. intensively B. intensely C. downright D. actual
单选题Inexperienced as he is, he has succeeded ______ other experienced researchers fail. A. where B. what C. which D. how
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单选题We______the New Year's Day with a dance party.
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单选题I saw an accident _______ home.
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单选题Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith. Before griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera"s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By putting images together and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema"s language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith"s introduction of the American-made multireel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour"s running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.
单选题Current Group, a Germantown-based technology firm, has taken over an ordinary looking house in Bethesda and turned it into a laboratory for smart-grid technology, the system the company believes will bring the nation"s electricity grids into the digital age.
In the front yard stands a utility pole hooked up to a special transformer that connects the power lines to high-speed Internet. Hundreds of sensors attached to the lines monitor how power flows through the home. That information is then sent back to the utility company.
The process lets a utility more efficiently manage the distribution of electricity by allowing two-way communication between consumers and energy suppliers via the broadband network on the power lines. Based on data they receive from hundreds of homes, utilities can monitor usage and adjust output and pricing response to demand. Consumers can be rewarded with reduced rates by cutting back on consumption during peak periods. And computerized substations can talk to each other so overloaded circuits hand off electricity to those that axe not fully loaded, helping to prevent blackouts.
Some utility companies have launched initiatives to give consumers data about their energy consumption habits in an effort to lower energy bills. Smart-grid technology takes such programs further by automating electricity distribution, which would make grids more reliable and efficient.
By partnering with utilities, the company hopes to tap into $4.5 billion in stimulus grants intended to encourage smart-grid development. When he announced the funding, President Obama pointed to a project in Boulder, Colo., as an example of a successful smart-grid experiment. Current is one of the companies working on the project.
Current"s chief executive Tom Casey believes the technology will help utility companies better distribute electricity produced by renewable resources, such as solar panels or wind farms. "A smart grid"s system can be paired up with the renewable resources so that when the renewable source is varying, the overall load can be varied as well," Casey told the House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming. "This will reduce or eliminate the need for backup coal or gas based power generation plants."
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单选题In Action Painting, the paint is sometimes ______ onto the canvas. A. trickled B. trampled C. stroked D. soaked
单选题Forget football. At many high schools, the fiercest competition is between Coke and Pepsi over exclusive "pouring rights" to sell on campus. But last week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, called a timeout: Coke's machines will now also stock water, juice, and other healthful options—even rival brands and their facades will feature school scenes and other "noncommercial graphics" instead of Coke's vivid red logo. "The pendulum needs to swing back" on school-based marketing, said Dunn. Coke's about-face—particularly the call to end the exclusive deals that bottlers make with school districts—comes amid rising concern over kids' health. American children are growing ever more obese and developing weight-related diseases usually found in adults. While inactivity and huge helpings factor heavily, a recent study in the Lancet fingered soda pop as a likely culprit. Communities—and legislators—are already on the case. Last year, for instance, parents in Philadelphia detailed a proposed contract with Coca-Cola that would have netted the school system $ 43 million over 10 years. And in a searing report to congress last month, the U. S. Department of Agriculture recommended that all snacks sold in schools meet federal nutrition standards(the requirements are loose enough that Snickers bars qualify). Spare change? Activists hope Coke's capitulation will help curb commercialism in schools altogether. From ads on Channel One, which broadcasts current-affairs programs on classroom TV, to middle-school math texts that cite Nike and other brand-name products in their word problems, to company-sponsored scoreboards on football fields, American pupils are bombarded. But Andrew Hagelshaw, executive director of the Oakland, Calif. -based Center for Commercial-Free Public Education, views Coca-Cola's policy shift as a "partial victory". Schools sign contracts with local bottlers; the parent company can only urge them to back off. Moreover, Coke's machines will remain in place, although with healthier options. And don't expect teenagers to suddenly swear off the stuff—or school districts to give up the revenue. At Wheeler High School in Marietta, Ga., where students arrive before 7 a. m. and stay as late as 11 o'clock at night, they rely on the machines. And the $ 50,000 in annual vending revenues have enabled Principal Joe Boland to refinish the gym floor, install a new high-jump pit, and pay $ 7,000 for two buses. "If someone made an offer to me to take the machines out, I'd consider it," says Boland. "But nobody's offering me any money. "
单选题One of the political issues we hear a lot about lately is campaign finance reform. The people who are calling for
1
usually want the government to pay for campaigns and/or limit the amount of money that candidates and their supporters can spend.
One reason that reform is
2
for is that it costs so much to run for political office. Candidates have to spend a great deal of time and effort
3
money. The incumbents (those already in office) have
4
time to do their jobs since they must attend so many fund raising events.
Another
5
is the fear that candidates will be owned or controlled by the "special interest groups" that contribute to their campaigns. Sometimes this certainly seems to be the
6
On the
7
side are those who caution that just because you call something "reform," doesn"t mean it"s really
8
. They
9
that our right to freedom of speech is meaningless if the government can limit anyone"s ability to get his or her message out to the people.
If one person or a group of people want to tell the
10
what they think about an issue or candidate, they have to
11
advertising on TV, radio, and in newspapers and magazines. They might want to display billboards along highways and banners on heavily trafficked Web sites. All this
12
a lot of money.
Opponents of laws that regulate or limit spending say that you don"t really have freedom of speech or freedom of the press if you can"t get your message out. They say that in a democracy, the government should never be able to regulate political discussion or the means to distribute ideas. They believe that this is most important when the voters are about to make
13
What do you think about this issue? Listen to what the
14
for national office have to say. Which candidates make the most
15
to you?
单选题Client: Could you please break the dollar into quarters? I
need the coins for thetelephone stand. Bank Clerk :______
A. Here, you have them.
B. Here, take them.
C. Sure, in what denomination?
D. Sure, here you are.
单选题In November 1987 the government ______ a public debate on the future direction of the official sports policy.(2008年四川大学考博试题)
单选题The passage suggests that the principal effect of the state action limitation was to ______.
单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best
word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Many people invest in the stock market
hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know{{U}} (1)
{{/U}}personal experience how difficult this really is. For more than a
year, I waw{{U}} (2) {{/U}}hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a
day investing in the market. It seemed so easy, I dreamed of{{U}} (3)
{{/U}}my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris,
of traveling around the world. But these dreams{{U}} (4) {{/U}}to a
sudden and dramatic end when a stock I{{U}} (5) {{/U}}, Texas cellular
pone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent{{U}} (6) {{/U}}a one
year period. On the{{U}} (7) {{/U}}day, it plunged by more than $ 15 a
share. There was a rumor the company was{{U}} (8) {{/U}}sales figures.
That was when I leamed how quickly Wall street{{U}} (9) {{/U}}companies
that misrepresent the{{U}} (10) {{/U}}. In a{{U}}
(11) {{/U}}, I sold all my stock in the company, paying{{U}} (12)
{{/U}}margin debt with cash advances from my{{U}} (13) {{/U}}card.
Because I owned so many shares, I{{U}} (14) {{/U}}a small fortune, half
of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a{{U}}
(15) {{/U}}, the next, a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson
in the market. My father was a stockbroker, as way my
grandfather{{U}} (16) {{/U}}him. (In fact, he founded one of Chicago's
earliest brokerage firms. ) But like so many things in life, we don't learn
anything until we{{U}} (17) {{/U}}it for ourselves. The only way to
really understand the inner{{U}} (18) {{/U}}of the stock market is to
invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing{{U}} (19)
{{/U}}and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. It's when all your
stocks are losing and everyone is questioning your stock-picking{{U}} (20)
{{/U}}that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the
market.
单选题Attending a church, temple, or mosque is one way to make {{U}}agreeable{{/U}} friends.
单选题{{B}}Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:{{/B}}
Perhaps the most familiar plant
movement belongs to one species of mimosa called the sensitive plant. Within
seconds, it can lower its leaves and make its tiny leaflets close up like
folding chairs. This movement is thought to be initiated by electrical impulses
remarkably similar to nerve signals in animals. But without the animals'
sophisticated motion machinery, the mimosa has had to be creative in devising a
way to move. For motion, the plant depends on tiny, bulb-shaped
organs located at the base of each leaf stalk and leaflet. Called pulvini, these
organs hold the plant parts in place. When the mimosa is stimulated—say, by a
crawling insect or a sudden change in temperature—an electrical impulse sweeps
through the plant. This causes potassium and then water to be shifted from
certain cells in the pulvini to others, quickly turning one side of the organs
flaccid. Because the pulvini can no longer support the leaves and leaflets, this
shift results in a corresponding change in their
position.
单选题 People find it hard to like businesses once they grow
beyond a certain size. Banks that were "too big to fail" sparked a global
economic crisis and burned bundles of taxpayers' cash. Big retailers such as
Walmart and Tesco squeeze suppliers and crush small rivals. Some big British
firms minimize their tax bills so aggressively that they provoke
outrage. It is shrewd politics to champion the little guy. But
the popular fetish for small business is at odds with economic reality. Big
firms are generally more productive, offer higher wages and pay more taxes than
small ones. Economies dominated by small firms are often sluggish.
Countries such as Greece, Italy and Portugal have lots of small firms
which, thanks to burdensome regulations, have failed to grow. Firms with at
least 250 workers account for less than half the share of manufacturing jobs in
these countries than they do in Germany, the euro zone's strongest economy. For
all the support around small business, it is economies with lots of biggish
companies that have been able to sustain the highest living standards.
Big firms can reap economies of scale. A big factory uses far less cash
and labor to make each car or steel pipe than a small workshop. Big supermarkets
such as the Walmart offer a wider range of highquality goods at lower prices
than any corner store. Size allows specialization, which fosters
innovation. Big firms have their flaws, of course. They can be
slow to respond to customers' needs, changing tastes or innovative technology.
To idolize big firms would be as unwise as to idolize small ones.
Rather than focusing on size, policymakers should look at growth. One of
the reasons why everyone loves small firms is that they create more jobs than
big ones. But many small businesses stay small indefinitely. The link between
small firms and jobs growth relies entirely on new start-ups, which are usually
small, and which by definition create new jobs. Rather than
spooning out subsidies and regulatory favors to small firms, governments should
concentrate on removing barriers to expansion. In parts of Europe, for example,
small firms are exemptedfrom the most burdensome social regulations. {{U}}This{{/U}}
gives them an incentive to stay small. Far better to abolish burdensome rules
for all firms. The same goes for differential tax rates, such as Britain's, and
the separate bureaucracy America maintains to deal with small businesses. In a
healthy economy, entrepreneurs with ideas can easily start companies, the best
of which grow fast and the worst of which are quickly swept aside. Size doesn't
matter. Growth does.
单选题A long time ago, at
单选题The word "haywire" ( Line 5, Paragraph 3) most probably means
单选题The thief tried to open the locked door but ______. A) in no way B) in vain C) without effect D) at a loss
单选题W: I' m anxious to get started on our project. Can we meet sometime before the weekend?M:______A. Never mind. Shall we meet on Sunday?B. Your project? I have no time studying your project.C. OK. What about Friday morning?D. OK. Library is the best place for us to meet.
单选题By the mid-sixties, blue jeans were an essential part of the wardrobe of those with a commitment to social struggle. In the American Deep South, black farmers and grandchildren of slaves still segregated from whites, continued to wear jeans in their mid-nineteenth-century sense; but now they were joined by college students-black and white-in a battle to overturn deeply embedded race hatred. The clothes of the workers became a sacred bond between them. The clothing of toil came to signify the dignity of struggle. In the student rebellion and the antiwar movement that followed, blue jeans and work shirts provided a contrast to the uniforms of the dominant culture. Jeans were the opposite of high fashion, the opposite of the suit or military uniform. With the rise of the women's movement in the late 1960s, the political significance of dress became increasingly explicit; Rejecting orthodox sex roles, blue jeans were a woman's weapon against uncomfortable popular fashions and the view that women should be passive. This was the cloth of action; the cloth of labor became the badge of freedom. If blue jeans were for rebels in the 1960s and early 1970s, by the 1980s they had become a foundation of fashion-available in a variety of colors, textures, fabrics, and fit. These simple pants have made the long journey "from workers' clothes to cultural revolt to status symbol." On television, in magazine advertising, on the sides of buildings and buses, jeans call out to us. Their humble past is obscured; practical roots arc incorporated into a new aesthetic. Jeans are now the universal symbol of the individual and Western democracy. They are the costume of liberated women, with a fit tight enough to restrict like the harness of old-but with the look of freedom and motion. In blue jeans, fashion reveals itself as a complex world of history and change. Yet looking at fashions, in and of themselves, reveals situations that often defy understanding. Our ability to understand a specific fashion-the current one of jeans, for example-shows us that as we try to make sense of it, our confusion intensifies. It is a fashion whose very essence is contradiction and confusion. To pursue the goal of understanding is to move beyond the actual cloth itself, toward the more general phenomenon of fashion and the world in which it has risen to importance. Exploring the role of fashion within the social and political history of industrial America helps to reveal the parameters and possibilities of American society. The ultimate question is whether the development of images of rebellion into mass-produced fashions has actually resulted in social change.
单选题______ I left school he had taught our class for two years. A. Whenever B. The moment C. By the time D. Since
单选题Evolution A
is always about
competition, but for humans, B
with Darwin speculated
, competition among groups C
has turned us into
pretty cooperative, empathetic and altruistic creatures—D
at least
within our families, groups and sometimes nations.
单选题
For years, doctors have given cancer
patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Now
researchers are developing a fourth weapon: the patient's own immune
system. New vaccines and drugs can stimulate the production of an army of cells
and antibodies that kill cancer cells. Drug-vaccine therapy may
be lifesaver for Deerfield man. Few people survive advanced melanoma, but immune
therapy is giving Deerfield resident Douglas Parker a fighting chance. The
46-year-old salesman noticed a mole on his chest three and a half years ago that
was found to be cancerous. Doctors removed the mole but didn't get all of the
cancer. The cancer spread to other parts of his body, including his liver, where
a tumor grew as large as a baseball. Parker took interferon and interleukin-2 to
boost his immune system's ability to fight the cancer. The tumor shrank but
didn't disappear. In August, 1997, surgeons removed it, along with two-thirds of
his liver. Last January, doctors discovered a new tumor on Parker's left adrenal
gland. He received an experimental cancer vaccine at the University of Chicago
Hospitals, but the vaccine didn't stop the cancer from spreading to his right
adrenal gland. To augment the vaccine, doctors at Lutheran
General Hospital gave Parker a new round of interleukin-2 and interferon. The
drug-vaccine combination has shrunk the tumors. And while it's too early to
pronounce Parker cured, immune therapy may save his life. "I want to do this to
help myself as well as other people who have melanoma, ' he said.
Immune therapy "ultimately will be a significant change in the way we
treat a lot of different cancers," said Dr. Jon Richards of Lutheran General
Hospital in Park Ridge, who is testing cancer vaccines on melanoma patients. "It
will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten
years." Several drugs that bolster the immune system have been approved, and
vaccines are being tested in dozens of clinical trials, including several in the
Chicago area. Many of the experimental vaccines have been tested on patients
with advanced melanoma who have little chance of surviving with conventional
treatments alone. Researchers also have begun doing work that could lead to
vaccines to treat prostate, lung, colon and other cancers.
Immune therapy alone won't cure cancer. But when used after conventional
treatments, it could kill cancer cells that survive surgery, radiation or
chemotherapy, researchers said. Some day, vaccines also might be able to prevent
certain cancers. It may be possible to vaccinate against viruses and
bacteria that help cause cervical, liver and stomach cancers, the National
Cancer Institute said.
单选题It seems that the cold winter ______.
单选题According to the passage, Niall FitzGerald
单选题Britain is divided into ______.
单选题The crucial years of the Depression, as they are brought into historical focus, increasingly emerge as the decisive decade for American art, if not for American culture in general. For it was during this decade that many of the conflicts which had blocked the progress of American art in the past came to a head and sometimes boiled over. Janus-faced, the thirties look backward, sometimes as far as the Renaissance; and at the same time forward, as far as the present and beyond. It was the moment when artists, like Thomas Hart Benton, who wished to turn back the clock to regain the virtues of simpler times came into direct conflict with others, like Stuart Davis and Frank Lloyd Wright, who were ready to come to terms with the Machine Age and to deal with its consequences. America in the thirties was changing rapidly. In many areas the past was giving way to the present, although not without a struggle. A Predominantly rural and small town society was being replaced by the giant complexes of the big cities; power was becoming increasingly centralized in the federal government and in large corporations. Many Americans, deeply attached to the old way of life, felt disinherited. At the same time, as immigration decreased and the population became more homogeneous, the need arose in art and literature to commemorate the ethnic and regional differences that were fast disappearing. Thus, paradoxically, the conviction that art, at least, should serve some purpose or carry some message of moral uplift grew stronger as the Puritan ethos lost its contemporary reality. Often this elevating message was a sermon in favor of just those traditional American virtues, which were now threatened with obsolescence in a changed social and political context. In this new context, the appeal of the paintings by the regionalists and the American Scene painters often lay in their ability to recreate an atmosphere that glorified the traditional American values—self-reliance tempered with good-neighborliness, independence modified by a sense of community, hard work rewarded by a sense of order and purpose. Given the actual temper of the times, these themes were strangely anachronistic, just as the rhetoric supporting political isolationism was equally inappropriate in an international situation soon to involve America in a second world war. Such themes gained popularity because they filled a genome need for a comfortable collective fantasy of a God-fearing, white picket fence America, which in retrospect took on the nostalgic appeal of a lost Golden Age. In this light, an autonomous art-for-art's sake was viewed as a foreign invader liable to subvert the native American desire for a purposeful art. Abstract art was assigned the role of the villainous alien; realism was to personify the genuine American means of expression. The arguments drew favor in many camps: among the artists, because most were realists; among the politically oriented intellectuals, because abstract art was apolitical; and among museum officials, because they were surfeited with mediocre imitations of European modernism and were convinced that American art must develop its own distinct identity. To help along this road to self-definition, the museums were prepared to set up an artificial double standard, one for American art, and another for European art. In 1934, Ralph Flint wrote in Art News, "We have today in our midst a greater array of what may be called second-, third-, and fourth-string artists than any other country. Our big annuals are marvelous outpourings of intelligence and skill; they have all the diversity and animation of a fine-ring circus. "
单选题The earth is ______ the moon.
单选题What can be inferred from the sentence "it’s the account holder who may get burned" ( Line 2, Paragraph 1 ) ?
单选题
单选题There were red faces at one of Britain" s biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy $ 100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-year-old schoolboy(they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to【C1】______The band lost $ 20,000 on the【C2】______that it cannot get back because, for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and, for another,【C3】______under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed $ 20,000 【C4】______Not bad for a fifteen-year-old. It certainly is better than【C5】______the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found, in his grandfather" s house, a suitcase full of foreign banknotes. The clean, crisp banknotes looked very【C6】______but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy【C7】______straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashiers did not realize that the country in【C8】______had reduced the value of its currency by 90%. They exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate. In three days, before he was found out, he took $200,000 from nine different banks. 【C9】______, he had already spent more than half of this on taxi-rides, restaurant meals, concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends(at least he was generous!)before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the banks have【C10】______a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost their jobs.
单选题It is possible for students to obtain (advanced) degrees in English (that) knowing (little) or nothing about traditional (scholarly) methods.
单选题
单选题
单选题
单选题
单选题The wedding ceremony was ______ because the bride could not find her wedding ring.
单选题While I was waiting to enter a university, I saw in a newspaper a teacher job
1
at a school about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something
2
, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no
3
of teaching my chances of getting the job were slight.
4
, three days later, a letter arrived, calling me to Croydon for a
5
with the headmaster. It proved to be a
6
journey—a train to Croydon station, a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived there, feeling too hot to be nervous. It was clear the
7
himself that opened the door. He was short and round. "The school," he said," is made up of one class of twenty-four between seven and thirteen. " I should have to teach all the subjects
8
art, which he taught himself. I should have to
9
the class into three groups and teach them
10
at three different levels, and I was
11
at the thought of teaching math—a
12
at which I wasn"t very
13
at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of having to teach them on Saturday afternoon because most of my friends would be
14
themselves at that time.
Before I had time to ask about my
15
, he got up to his feet. "Now," he said, "you"d better meet my wife. She is the one who really runs this school".
单选题
单选题Both police officers and high officials here are
susceptible
to corruption.
单选题What's wrong with Tony? ______ very stressed and nervous lately.
单选题The "reward" in the passage means ______.
单选题 "Much of the sickness and death attributed to
the major communicable (可传染的) diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition (营养不良)
which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike," said
Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO).
"At the same time," he added, "in developing countries today, malnutrition is
the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight, and
230 million being stunted in their growth. Such figures represent deprivation,
suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every
point of view. Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern, common justice
or development needs, they demand a response, both from national governments and
from the international community. " WHO, working closely with
its member states, other United Nations agencies and nongovernmental
organizations, is focusing on major crippling (致残的) forms of malnutrition, such
as protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency (缺乏，不足). At the end of
January 1996, 98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41
countries had one under preparation, in keeping with their commitments made at
the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome December 1992. The global
situation, however, remains grim. Over 800 million people around the world still
cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein, more than two thousand million
people lack essential micro-nutrients, and hundreds of millions suffer from
diseases caused by unsafe food or unbalanced diets. It is now
recognized that 6. 6 million out of the estimated 12.2 million deaths annually
among children under five—or 54% of young child mortality (死亡率) in
developing countries—is associated with malnutrition In addition to the human
suffering, the loss in human potential translates into social and economic costs
that no country can afford. In 1990, only 53 developing countries had reliable
data on the number of young children under weight; by 1995, 97 countries had
such data, nearly all of which included information on stunting and
wasting. In some regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa and south
Asia, stagnation of nutritional improvement combined with a rapid rise in
population has resulted in an actual increase in the total number of
malnourished children. Currently, over two-thirds of the world's malnourished
children live in Asia (especially south Asia). followed by Africa and Latin
America.
单选题It doesn"t matter ______ you pay in cash or by credit card in this store.
单选题Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example, by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.
单选题Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but, our work ______, we declined the offer. A. was not finished B. has not been finished C. did not finish D. not having been finished
单选题A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.
In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented ; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective (主观的) : it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly "political" artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its abuse(滥用) of power over people.
In the same way, art can reflect a culture"s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art had been almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that described people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn"t read, they could still understand the Bible stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues(雕像) are not holy.
单选题Many salesmen receive a______ of 10 per cent on all sales made.
单选题______the rain, we should have had a pleasant trip to the countryside.
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单选题The opening between the rocks was very narrow, but the boys managed to ______ through.A. pressB. squeezeC. stretchD. leap
单选题If you don't put the cheese. in the refrigerator, it may ______.
单选题Recently, Joe, a foreign English teacher in China, said to me, "I feel dazed and disoriented; my students here are unusually quiet. I can"t tell if they understand my lessons. " His plight is not surprising. Many foreign ESL instructors often feel confused when they first step into a Chinese classroom.
单选题The colors red, blue, and yellow can be {{U}}mixed{{/U}} in different combinations to make every color the human eye can distinguish.
单选题Although the city is small, its library is as complete______. A．as a large city B．like a large city C．as that of a large city D．like in a large city
单选题Along with aging, the function of tissues and organs gradually Udegenerate/U, causing disease.
单选题Which of the following was uncertain about the tramp after he was locked in the store?
单选题I am writing to apply for the ______ of Sales Manager advertised in last Friday"s
China Daily.
单选题Most parents feel embarrassed when their children graduate from high school because they can't ______.
单选题I have no doubt that if the students' interest in the subject is aroused, they will ______ the challenge and commit more of their time and energy to their studies.
单选题From this selection we may conclude that the king's crown ______.
单选题How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations—the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning tor us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (文字的) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately; or they will make our speech silly and rude.
单选题By the first decade of the 21st century, international commercial air traffic is expected ______. vastly beyond today's levels. A. to have extended B. being extended C. to be extending D. having been extended
单选题If somebody is______, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done.(2003年10月中国科学院考博试题)
单选题Passages 6 Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied. In conducting research on culture and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved. How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethic minority groups. In a Subsequent study the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class, White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying in ethic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.
单选题Nor, indeed, do all these guardians of tradition have to exert much pressure on the principal players, since the expectations of their social world have long ago been built into their own projections of the future— they want precisely______society expects of them.
单选题No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings. He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unable to refute the reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgment, and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.
单选题It's no use ______missing the train, we can always catch the next one.
单选题She was glad to see her children well ______ in the nursery.
单选题No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.
The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better—or worse—part of my life. Being rich wouldn"t be bad either, but that won"t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating and excessive eating is one of Christianity"s seven deadly, sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.
Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat—or even only somewhat overweight—is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.
Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem—too much fat and a lack of fiber—than a weight problem.
The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglory.
单选题The press mocked his attempts to appeal to young voters.A. ridiculed ]3. entertained C. ignored D. drew
单选题Speaker A: That' s very kind of you m do so.Speaker B:______A. That's all right, I'm pleased to meet you.B. As you are our important guest.C. I'm pleased to be at your service.D. It's no trouble at ail.
单选题She deserves a big______for her very efficient co-ordination of the scholarship workers and camp chore assignments.
单选题I have just ______ to a letter from a friend of mine in London.
单选题The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless object that we live. So remote is this "real" table—and most of the other "realities" with which science deals—that it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive out purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt to think about it. Vibrations in the either are so totally unlike, let us say, the color purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes, not one but two separate things of which the second and less "real" must be the most significant for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute an objective reality to a non-existent thing which we call "purple" is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency, so too the belief in God, however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of decay, however true the latter may be. We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonist trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being is some part of the universe unreachable by science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as a "truth of correspondence," and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in an age of scientific thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires, and aspirations-takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.
单选题______ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together. A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive
单选题Lodger: I' m terribly sorry that I broke your precious vase. I' 11 pay for it.Landlady:______A. Can't complain.B. Never mind.C. Relax yourself.D. Take car
单选题If they don't understand it the first time, go over it again ______
they do.
A. when
B. after
C. since
D. until
单选题It was the end of my exhausting first day as a waitress, and I really appreciated ________ time to relax.
单选题Woman: I met Tom the other day. You know what, he has cut his long hair. It seems that he is a notably different person than he was three years ago.
Man: Yeah. He is now a conformist.
Question: What was Tom like three years ago?
单选题Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tel1 if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That"s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine, which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.
But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome, a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.
There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.