问答题Let us spend one day as deliberately as Nature, and not be thrown off the track by every nutshell and mosquito"s wing that falls on the rails. Let us rise early and fast, or break fast, gently and without perturbation; let company come and let company go, let the bells ring and the children cry, —determined to make a day of it.

问答题 In this part, you are asked to write an essay or a letter according to the outline given. Your composition should be about 150 words. Remember to write clearly and logically. After writing, please check your composition in terms of the following writing basics: unity, support, coherence, and error free sentences.

问答题Church of England

问答题你最好在本周读完这本书，因为我要把它还给图书馆了。

问答题Do you think there is an arbitrary relationship between form and meaning? Illustrate your view with examples.

问答题Why do we say linguistics is a science?(北外2011研)

问答题每个人一生中都该有个志向，否则他的精力便会浪费掉。每个青年人都力求成为一个有 成就的人物，一个青年人只期望富有是不明智的，或只专心于求得权力与名望也是不对的。 一个青年人希望做个有成就者，结果常常会实现，狄斯拉里(Disraeli)的故事是个例证。狄 斯拉里开始过公众生活时渴望能成为一个学者及演说家，他在文学方面的成就比演说方面更 为成功。起初他作为一个演说家时是完全失败的，不过，他认为有把握克服障碍，遂以不屈 不挠的精神致力于这个目标的实现。他的一些朋友认为他这个念头是愚蠢的，甚至是古怪的， 但他坚持目标不舍，最后终于成功，成为英国曾经产生的知识最丰富的学者与最雄辩的演说 家之一。这个故事并不是引来说明：只是大学者或演说家，或二者兼而有之者才是有成就的 人物。除了做学者或演说家之外，还有许多同样高尚与可敬的事业。它只是用来说明一个青 年人须志向高远，因为“宁可志高而达不到目标，也不要志低而达到”。

问答题Directions：In this part there is an essay in Chinese．Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET．Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay． 体检的意义：是保障健康的根本 体检是一种保障健康的有效手段。有些原来自认为健康的人，被发现患病时，已经出现了肾衰竭；有些自认为没病的人，被发现肝硬化；有的乙肝病人被查出转氨酶很高，处于传染期，急需住院隔离……这样的事例还有很多，而如果能做到定期体检，就可及早发现潜在的致病因子、早期病灶或功能异常等情况，达到早期发现、早期治疗的目的。但是，体检不应当只是单纯地为了检出疾病，更重要的是为了指导患者或有高危因素的人如何坚持正确预防及治疗。最近，著名相声演员侯耀文突发心脏病猝死，让人再次意识到体检的意义。统计发现，到各体检中心体检的人近期也明显增加。 事实上，体检的意义不仅是要通过体检帮助人们发现癌症和重症，还要通过体检帮助人们发现疾病的蛛丝马迹，指导人们采取健康的生活方式，从而避免疾病的发生和发展，这才是体检的终极意义。经常和定期体检当然最好，一年一次全身检查；也可以自我体检，比如，平时注意血压、血糖等。 在进行体检时，有些慢性病患者可能存在疑惑。例如高血压的病人，有时会考虑是否要按正常时间服用降压药后进行体检。如果血压降至正常，医生是不是会得出错误的结论。或者，药物经代谢排出后会不会影响一些血液生化检查值。这些顾虑是正常的，大家应该明白：高血压患者每日按时服降压药，是保持血压稳定所必需的，贸然停药或推迟服药反而有可能会引起血压骤升，发生危险。按常规服药后再测血压，体检医生也可对目前的降压方案进行评价。服少量降压药对化验的影响是轻微的，可以忽略不计，所以高血压患者应在服完降压药后再来体检。对糖尿病或其他慢性病患者，也应在采血后及时服药，不可因体检干扰常规治疗。 对于息高血压病多年的患者，体检除测血压以外，重点应注意是否已经发生由高血压引起的心血管损害，是否已经有因高血压引起的心脑血管疾病。弄清这些问题，有助于了解病情进展，判断预后，并为其制订恰当的医疗计划。为此，除一般体检中的项目，如测量血压、化验血糖、血脂、血常规、心电图以外，还应包括测量腹围、查眼底、测C反应蛋白、测尿微量白蛋白定量、查肾功能、做超声心动图和大血管超声。有相关症状时还应做心脏负荷试验及神经系统检查等。 所以，在进行体检前，受检者应详细告知医生一些与疾病相关的情况，例如：是否吸烟与饮酒、家族史、既往患病情况、目前服药情况等。在对高血压患者进行治疗指导前，医生还必须搞清楚其高血压的发病时间、治疗过程、用药情况等关键问题，才能有针对性地提出进一步的治疗意见，包括加减用药剂量、调整用药品种等，从而达到最佳治疗效果。如受检者记不住所服药物的名称，可以把药盒带来辨认。病史陈述力争做到客观、准确，重要疾病不可遗漏，患其他慢性疾病正在服用治疗性药物的患者同样应该这样做。 健康体检是一种新的自我保健方式，它可以变被动看病为主动检查，变消极治病为积极防病。它的重要性不仅在于可以帮助人们治疗重大严重的疾病，而且还在于可以帮助人们发现疾病的蛛丝马迹，指导人们采取健康的生活方式，早发现、早预防、早治疗。

问答题Directions: In this part, you are allowed to write a letter to the headmaster of your previous high school who has invited you to give a speech to your schoolmates, to explain for your failure to do this. You should 1) make an apologize to the school, because you can"t make speech as planned. 2) explain the reason why you want to delay the plan. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto1)describethepicture,2)interpretthemeaning,and3)commentontheissue.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsonANSWERSHEETⅡ.

问答题What makes language unique to human beings? (北航2010研)

问答题 It is difficult for a man to imagine the rate at which water is consumed throughout the United Kingdom. A single industrial unit, for example, can use literally millions of gallons of water every day just for cooling purposes. This means that industry alone uses billions of gallons of water every year. The cost of this waste is significantly high. 71.{{U}}It should be apparent, therefore, that a fully sealed cooling system would lose no water, consume no water, discharge no water and would not require the application of chemical treatment. Sealed water cooling systems are available and make it possible for a teacupful of water to do a job normally requiring millions of gallons of water.{{/U}} Water Saver Systems is a company that has pioneered the principle of sealed industrial cooling in the UK and Europe. These sealed cooling systems, it is claimed, can actually provide payback within a matter of months because of the water and effluent cost savings and the removal of the need for a chemical treatment plant and the resultant chemical costs. In addition, it is possible to recover heat from a sealed system, allowing savings in boiler feed water and domestic hot water supplies. A further advantage is that grayish-materials build-up is prevented and rust minimized, so that the high efficiency of the sealed system is maintained and the service life in- creased. A significant merit of a sealed system, not yet fully appreciated, stems from the fact that industry can now be more mobile in terms of location. Traditionally, with some industries, a main consideration as regards a factory site would be the availability of a local high volume water supply for cooling purposes. 72. {{U}}With a sealed system, it is claimed to be possible for a major user of cooling water to setup in the desert with only a small truck of water to give the sealed system its initial fill.{{/U}} Sealed cooling systems also reduce water-related health risks. Chemical treatment does help to reduce such risks but for various reasons, chemicals have not yet provided total protection from disease. For example, Lehionnaires Disease which can be propagated via the evaporation taking place in cooling towers. Sealed systems do not emit contaminated vapour to atmosphere and this also means that thermal pollution does not occur. 73. {{U}}Sealed industrial cooling systems were originally developed to offer efficient and cost-saving cooling alternatives to industry, giving considerable operational and financial advantages to the user.{{/U}} Fortunately, the development of the sealed cooling system also contributes significantly to the environment and health.

问答题While the number of Canadians who said French was their mother tongue rose to just over 7m out of the total 33m, and those claiming they could conduct a conversation in French was up to almost 10m in 2011 compared to the 2006 census, both categories have declined slightly as a【M1】______proportion of the population, in Canada overall and in Quebec. Those are【M2】______able to have a conversation in both English and French in what is officially a bilingual country now number 5.8m, or 17.5% of the population, a slight rise. But a closer look of those figures shows that it was mainly a result of【M3】______Quebeckers learning English rather the other way round. In a country【M4】______where multiculturalism is seen as a virtue, the language revelations in the census was mostly noted as a positive sign. The exception was Quebec, 【M5】______where the Parti Quebecois government, which supports the eventually【M6】______separation of the province with the rest of Canada, is preparing to【M7】______toughen its language laws with new legislation expecting this week.【M8】______The bill proposes to eliminate loopholes in the existing law used by【M9】______parents to send their children to English-language schools, would bar students graduating from a French-language secondary school from attending an English-language college, and would extend a requirement that French would be used in the workplace to cover more businesses.【M10】______" French is losing ground, " said Pauline Marois, the Quebec premier. "We have to correct that situation. " The battle continues.

问答题Will newspapers become a thing of the past in this Internet age? It is currently estimated that more than 1 billion people use the Internet worldwide. The number-one online activity is e-mail, followed by reading news on the Internet. The Internet is an increasingly effective and efficient way to reach the largest possible audience worldwide. Harris Interactive, a U.S.-based company, reported that the majority of people went online because they could obtain information at times suitable to them; or others did so because more detailed news could be found online; or more up-to-date information was available online; or because they could access news while at work. Though most media reporters and networks try to report objectively, bias exists. Bias means to favor. Bias can occur in the media"s choice of stories and coverage of a story. Through the choice of words and selection of interviews, interviewers and interviewees, the media might report favorably or unfavorably on a news issue. As viewers of news stories, audiences need to objectively judge the news coverage that they hear and read, and seek out more information from other sources, if necessary.

问答题In your opinion in what ways can corpus data contribute to lexical studies? (南开大学2011年研)

问答题{{U}}If you find yourself stressed by the economic forecast, threat of job loss, or have been laid off, the situation is manageable.{{/U}} John Wakeman, program director of the Stress Treatment Center at Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, La. , who has given numerous stress management training sessions for major industries and businesses, says that, when confronted with altered circumstances, "it is our nature to either revert back to the status quo(现状) or to adapt and to do so quickly so that it's no longer a change. My suggestion is to adapt quickly." If laid off, avoid a doom-and-gloom attitude, which adds to the stress. (2) {{/U}}Accept that changes are inevitable in a lifetime and occurrences such as job loss frequently bring opportunities that would not be available if you were not facing the crisis.{{/U}} Some people find an even better occupational situation. (3) {{U}}Instead of responding to layoff as a personal insult, view it as a sign of the economic times and the fact that the business could not keep its employees.{{/U}} Maintain a routine and keep your social contacts. Don't sit at home. Remain active. Use energy constructively. Don't vent (发泄) irritability and frustration from stress on your family, but channel it into exercise or work on a project. Polish your resume, network with others in your field, and write letters to prospective employers. Keep informed about the job market by reading employment journals, trade publications, and newspapers. Competition is keen, so expect your search to take time. "(4) {{U}}When a person is turned down repeatedly, it does try [his or her] self-esteem, but you have to remember what you accomplished before you were laid off.{{/U}} No one can erase those achievements from your history. You have somethings to offer." Many people feel threatened by change and become inflexible, Wakeman points out. "You may find that you need to be more open about relocating to a place where employment is available. (5) {{U}}Keep an open mind and be flexible about the possibility of a change requiring relocation or taking on new assignments."{{/U}}

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following tenet carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. Jack S. Kilby, an electrical engineer whose invention of the integrated circuit gave rise to the information age and heralded an explosion of consumer electronics products in the last 50 years, from personal computers to cellphones, died Monday in Dallas. He was 81. His death, after a brief battle with cancer, was announced yesterday by Texas Instruments, the Dallas-based electronics company where he worked for a quarter-century. (46) {{U}}The integrated circuit that Mr. Kilby designed '.shortly after arriving at Texas Instruments in 1958 served as the basis for modern microelectronics, transforming a technology that permitted the simultaneous manufacturing of a mere handful of transistors(晶体管 ) into a chip industry that routinely places billions of Lilliputian(微小的) switches in the area of a fingernail.{{/U}} His achievement--the integration--yielded a thin chip of crystal connecting previously separate components like transistors, resistors and capacitors within a single device. For that creation, commonly called the microchip, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000. (47) {{U}}During his career at Texas Instruments he claimed more than 60 patents and was also one of the inventors of the hand-held calculator and the thermal printer. But it was Mr. Kilby's invention of the integrated circuit that most broadly shaped the electronic era.{{/U}} "It's hard to find a place where the integrated circuit doesn't affect your life today," Richard m. Templeton, Texas Instruments' president and chief executive officer, said in an interview yesterday. "That's how broad its impact is. " It is an impact, Mr. Kilby said, that was largely unexpected. (48){{U}} "We expected to reduce the cost of electronics, but I don't think anybody was thinking in terms of factors of a million," he said in an undated interview cited by Texas Instruments.{{/U}} (49) {{U}}The remarkable acceleration of the manufacturing process based on the integrated circuit was later described by Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of the Intel Corporation, whose partner, Robert N. Noyce, invented another version of the integrated circuit just months after Mr. Kilby.{{/U}} In 1965, three years after the first commercial integrated circuits came to market, Dr. Moore observed that the number of transistors on a circuit was doubling at regular intervals and would do so far into the future. (50) {{U}}The observation, which came to be known as Moore's law, became the defining attribute of the chip-making industry, centered in what is now known as Silicon Valley, where Intel was based, rather than in Dallas.{{/U}}

问答题Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewer possible English words and then put your answers on the Answer Sheet. The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory (库存) system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States. The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900. While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the "combination" company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company).Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. Bythe 1840s many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles. There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson Ⅲ also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850s, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 1876—1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.

问答题在市场经济中“适者生存”是非常重要的。 2．“适者生存”同样适用于现代社会中的每一个人。 3．我应该如何去适应社会的需要。