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单选题Woman: I don't think we should have told Tom about the surprise party for Lucy. Man: It's all right. He promised not to tell, and he doesn't make promises lightly. Question: What does the man mean? A. Tom has arranged a surprise party for Lucy. B. Tom will keep the surprise party a secret. C. Tom and Lucy have no secrets from each other. D. Tom didn't make any promise to Lucy.
单选题The room is so ______ with furniture—hat it is hard to move about.
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单选题Strange things have been happening to England. Still (1) from the dissolution of the empire in the years (2) World War Ⅱ, now the English find they are not even British. As the cherished "United Kingdom" breaks into its (3) parts, Scots are clearly (4) and the Welsh, Welsh. But who exactly are the English? What's left of them, with everything but the (5) half of their island taken away? Going back in time to (6) roots doesn't help. First came the Celts, then the Romans, then Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Danes. Invasion after invasion, until the Norman Conquest. English national identity only seemed to find its (7) later, on the shifting sands of expansionism, from Elizabethan times onwards. The empire seemed to seal it. But now there's just England, (8) of a green island in the northern seas, lashed by rain, scarred by two (9) of vicious industrialization fallen (10) dereliction, ruined, as D．H. Lawrence thought, by "the tragedy of ugliness," its abominable architecture. Of all English institutions, the one to (11) on would surely be the pub. Shelter to Chaucer's pilgrims, home to Falstaff and Hal, throne of felicity to Dr. Johnson, the pub- that smoky, yeasty den of jollity-is the womb of (12) , if anywhere is. Yet in the midst of this national (13) crisis, the pub, the mainstay of English life, a staff driven (14) into the sump of history, (15) as the Saxons, is suddenly dying and evolving at (16) rates. Closing at something like a rate of more than three a day, pubs have become (17) enough that for the first time since the Domesday Book, more than half the villages in England no longer have one. It's a rare pub that still (18) , or even limps on, by being what it was (19) to be: a drinking establishment. The old (20) of a pub as a place for a "session," a lengthy, restful, increasingly tipsy evening of swigging, is all but defunct.
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单选题No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it has been ______ to Bach. A. identified B. associated C. referred D. attributed
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单选题Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.
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单选题The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your body's ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foods—fruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoes—is the body's best weapon in thwarting many health-related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones. Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be avoided if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in. preventing the disease than not eating fat. "The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now," says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research. The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Your body uses calcium for mom than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you don't absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesn't produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults don't eat more than 500 mg. One mason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. "In the past, women, in particular, worded that dairy products were high in calories, "says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D., of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta." But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt. "Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. They are a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you won't benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the sun's rays.
单选题[Focus on semantic roles] A. goal B. rheme C. instrument D. causative
单选题Do patents help or hinder innovation? Instinctively, they would seem a blessing. Patenting an idea gives its inventor a 20-year monopoly to exploit the fruit of his la- bor in the marketplace, in exchange for publishing a full account of how the new product, process or material works for everyone to see. For the inventor, that may be a reasonable trade-off. For society, however, the loss of competition through the granting sole rights to an individual or organization is justified only if it stimulates the economy and delivers goods that change people's lives for the better. Invention, though, is not innovation. It may take a couple of enthusiasts working evenings and weekends for a year or two--not to mention tens of thousands of dollars of their savings--to get a pet idea to the patenting stage. But that is just the beginning. Innovations based on patented inventions or discoveries can take teams of researchers, engineers and marketing experts a decade or more, and tens of millions of dollars, to transfer to the marketplace. And for every bright idea that goes on to become a commercial winner, literally thousands fall by the wayside. Most economists would argue that, without a patent system, even fewer inventions would lead to successful innovations, and those that did would be kept secret for far longer in order to maximize returns. But what if patents actually discourage the combining and recombining of inventions to yield new products and processes--as has happened in biotechnology, genetics and other disciplines? Or what about those ridiculous business-process patents, like Amazon.com's "one-click" patent or the "nameyour-price" auction patent assigned to Priceline.com? Instead of stimulating innovation, such patents seem more about extracting "rents" from innocent bystanders going about their business. One thing has become clear since business-process patents took off in America during the 1990s: the quality of patents has deteriorated markedly. And with sloppier patenting standards, litigation has increased. The result is higher transaction costs all round. It is not simply a failure of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to examine applications more rigorously. The Federal Circuit has been responsible for a number of bizarre rulings. Because of its diverse responsibilities, the Federal Circuit--unlike its counterparts in Europe and Japan--has never really acquired adequate expense in patent law. To be eligible for a patent, an invention must not just be novel, but also useful and non-obvious. Anything that relies on natural phenomena, abstract ideas or the laws of nature does not qualify. The USPTO has taken to requiring a working prototype of anything that supposedly breaches the laws of physics. So, no more perpetualmotion machines, please.
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单选题Intelligence test scores follow an approximately normal distribution, (meaning) that most people score near the middle of the distribution of scores, (and) scores (drop off) fairly rapidly in frequency as one moves in (either) direction from tile center.A. meaningB. andC. drop offD. either
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单选题The nuclear family ______a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.
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单选题Have you ever heard of the Aesop Fable, "The Belly(肚子)and The Members"? As you read the following story, I encourage you to think about your own teams and how this might
11
.
One day it
12
to The Members of the Body that they were doing all of the work while the Belly got all of the food. They believed the Belly was
13
and unproductive.
They held a meeting to discuss how
14
this seemed. After a very long meeting, The Members of the Body decided to go on strike until the Belly agreed to take its proper
15
of the work.
The unhappy body parts didn"t do anything for several days to stop
16
the Belly. The Hands stopped moving and the Teeth stopped chewing.
17
, the Legs became more and more fired and the Hands could
18
move anymore. Eventually the entire Body collapsed.
What is the moral of the story? Some members" contribution may seem of less
19
than that of others. It is important that every member of the team understands their unique roles and
20
they bring to the team. It is also important that they clearly understand everyone else"s roles and contributions.
单选题{{B}} Directions: For each blank in the following
passage, choose the best answer from the choices givenbelow. Mark your answer on
the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar acrossthe corresponding
letter in the brackets.{{/B}} Vitamins are organic
compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growthand
maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not
provide energy,{{U}} 31 {{/U}}do they construct or build any part of the
body. They areneeded for{{U}} 32 {{/U}}foods into energy and body
maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them,and if{{U}} 33 {{/U}}is
missing a deficiency disease becomes{{U}} 34 {{/U}}
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually
carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, and{{U}} 35 {{/U}}nitrogen. They
are different{{U}} 36 {{/U}}their elements are arrangeddifferently, and
each vitamin{{U}} 37 {{/U}}one or more specific functions in the
body. {{U}} 38 {{/U}}enough vitamins is essential to
life, although the body has no nutritional use for {{U}}
39 {{/U}}vitamins. Many people,{{U}} 40 {{/U}}, believe in being on
the "safe side" and thus takeextra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will
usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs.
单选题In the ______ century, if a man took more than his share of salt, he would ______.
单选题Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting.
It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting.
One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form.
One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I peeded a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. "Wasn't it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?" I said it was. "Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don't know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints. "
单选题Villagersare __________ nottoswimintheriversinceitisquitedeepanddangerous
单选题You ______ include this section. It's not necessary.
单选题The fight could have been avoided if both of you had been able to ______ your anger. A. hold back B. hold on C. hold out D. hold up
单选题The application of infrared scanning technolgy to agriculture met with some difficulties due to ______. A. the lack of official support B. its high cost C. its failure to help increase production D. the lack of financial support
单选题Moshe Katzma, 24, denied any ______ with the beating given to the homeless man, who was found outside a National Headquarters office. A. involvement B. admission C. isolation D. access
单选题I think it was all fixed up by lawyers or ______ arranges adoptions. A. someone B. anyone C. whoever D. those
单选题Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless re quently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.
单选题One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ______
operation, he quickly recovered his sight.
A. delicate
B. considerate
C. precise
D. sensitive
单选题Think ______ and you'll have some idea.A. overB. over itC. it overD. it
单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for
each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Researchers have found that migrating
animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Some{{U}}
(1) {{/U}}by the position of the Sun. Others navigate by the stars.
Some use the Sun as{{U}} (2) {{/U}}guide during the day, and then{{U}}
(3) {{/U}}to star navigation by night. One study shows that the
homing pigeon uses the Earth's magnetic fields as a guide{{U}} (4)
{{/U}}finding its way home, and there are indications that various other
animals, from insects to mollusks (软体动物), can also make{{U}} (5)
{{/U}}of magnetic compasses.{{U}} (6) {{/U}}is of course very
useful for a migrating bird to be able to switch to magnetic compass when clouds
cover the sun;{{U}} (7) {{/U}}it Would just have to land and wait for
the Sun to come out again.{{U}} (8) {{/U}}with the Sun or stars to steer
by, the problems of navigation are more complicated{{U}} (9)
{{/U}}they might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybee{{U}} (10)
{{/U}}has found a rich source of nectar and pollen flies rapidly home to the
hive to{{U}} (11) {{/U}}: A naturalist has discovered that the bee
scout{{U}} (12) {{/U}}her report through complicated dance in the
hive,{{U}} (13) {{/U}}she tells the other workers not only how far away
the food is, but also what direction to fly in{{U}} (14) {{/U}}to the
Sun.{{U}} (15) {{/U}}the Sun does not stay in one place all day. As the
workers start{{U}} (16) {{/U}}to gather the food, the Sun may{{U}}
(17) {{/U}}have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later
trips during the day, the Sun seems to move farther and farther toward the west.
Yet the worker bees seem to have no{{U}} (18) {{/U}}at all in finding
the food source. Their inner{{U}} (19) {{/U}}tell them just where the
Sun will be, and they change their course{{U}} (20)
{{/U}}.
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单选题A study released a little over a week ago, which found that eldest children end up, on average, with slightly higher IQ's than younger siblings, was a reminder that the fight for self- definition starts much earlier than freshman year. Families, whatever the relative intelligence of their members, often treat the firstborn as if he or she were the most academic, and the younger siblings fill in other niches: the wild one, the flirt. These imposed caricatures, in combination with the other labels that accumulate from the sandbox through adolescence, can seem over time like a miserable entourage of identities that can be silenced only with hours of therapy. But there's another way to see these alternate identities: as challenges that can sharpen psychological skills. In a country where reinvention is considered a birthright, many people seem to treat old identities the way Houdini treated padlocked boxes: something to wriggle free from, before being dragged down. And psychological research suggests that this ability can be a sign of mental resilience, of taking control of your own story rather than being trapped by it. The late-night bull sessions in college or at backyard barbecues are at some level like out-of-body experiences, allowing a re-coloring of past experience to connect with new acquaintances. A more obvious outlet to expand identity--and one that's available to those who have not or cannot escape the family and community where they're known and labeled-- is the Internet. Admittedly, a lot of the role-playing on the Internet can have a deviant quality. But researchers have found that many people who play life-simulation games, for example, set up the kind of families they would like to have had, even script alternate versions of their own role in the family or in a peer group. Decades ago the psychologist Erik Erickson conceived of middle age as a stage of life defined by a tension between stagnation and generativity-a healthy sense of guiding and nourishing the next generation, of helping the community. Ina series of studies, the Northwestern psychologist Dan P. McAdams has found that adults in their 40s and 50s whose lives show this generous quality - who often volunteer, who have a sense of accomplishment - tell very similar stories about how they came to be who they are. Whether they grew up in rural poverty or with views of Central Park, they told their life stories as series of redemptive lessons. When they failed a grade, they found a wonderful tutor, and later made the honor roll; when fired from a good job, they were forced to start their own business. This similarity in narrative constructions most likely reflects some agency, a willful reshaping and re-imagining of the past that informs the present. These are people who, whether pegged as nerds or rebels or plodders, have taken control of the stories that form their identities. In conversation, people are often willing to hand out thumbnail descriptions of themselves: "I'm kind of a hermit. " Or a talker, a practical joker, a striver, a snob, a morning person. But they are more likely to wince when someone else describes them so authoritatively. Maybe that's because they have come too far, shaken off enough old labels already. Like escape artists with a lifetime's experience slipping through chains, they don't want or need any additional work. Because while most people can leave their family niches, schoolyard nicknames and high school reputations behind, they don't ever entirely forget them.
单选题Government reports, examination, and most business letters are the main situation formal language is used.
单选题We moved to the front row______we could hear and see better.
单选题The commissioner of a professional sports league dictated that teams could not put players on the field who had a greater than 20 percent chance of suffering a career-ending spinal injury during competition. The commissioner justified this decision as a way to protect players from injury while protecting the league from lawsuits. Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the effectiveness of the commissioner's new policy? A. Spinal injuries can result in paralysis, loss of fine motor skills, and even death. B. The previous year, more than seven players in the league suffered career-ending spinal injuries. C. The players' union agrees that the risk of injury is an inevitable part of playing the game at a professional level. D. There is no scientifically valid method for determining the likelihood of any player suffering a career-ending spinal injury at any given time. E. Players barred from playing because of this new regulation will be entitled to compensation for lost wages at a level determined by the commissioner's office.
单选题1. As the U. S. economy tries to fight off a recession, has it found a way to avoid a knockout? So far, strength in many service industries is delivering a powerful counterpunch to hits from homebuilding, autos, and other goods-producing businesses. Despite the economy's tepid 0.6% growth rate last quarter, its service sector advanced a sturdy 3.5%. Consumer spending on goods plunged 2. 6% , but outlays for housing, medical care, and other services rose 3. 4%. Heading into the second quarter, while overall April payrolls shrunk by 20, 000 jobs, services added 90, 000. And in contrast to the weakness in manufacturing, the Institute for Supply Management says April service-sector activity continued to grow.
2. There's no denying the
sector
's increasing impact on economic trends. Services make up almost 60% of gross domestic product, up from 55% a decade ago and 52% the decade before that. However, despite that growing influence, the more important engines of the business cycle have always been the goods-producing sector and construction, and they are taking an unusually heavy pounding.
3. This sharp divergence reflects the unique set of forces affecting the economy, especially consumers. The mix of tighter credit, the double hit to buying power from fewer jobs and higher prices for energy and food, and shrinking household wealth are killing demand for big-ticket consumer goods such as homes, cars, and other
discretionary
purchases.
4. Even as credit is drying up, jobs and incomes are shrinking. Since payrolls peaked in December, service employment through April is up 98, 000, but goods-producing jobs have plunged 358, 000. Overall, more people are having trouble finding full-time work. This year's rise in the number of people forced to work part-time is the fastest since the 2001 recession. Total hours worked began the second quarter well below their first-quarter level, and with hourly pay slowing, income growth, almost all of which has been eaten up by inflation over the past year, began the quarter on a weak note.
5. So far, despite consumers' weaker incomes, their savings rate remains close to the near-zero level of the past two years, implying they are spending about the same proportion of their earnings. That means factors other than income have not yet had a negative impact on spending, but that trend will be put to the test this quarter.
6. As household wealth, which had helped to make up for low savings, falls, along with credit availability and consumer confidence, consumers may soon be forced to save more of their incomes. There's a good chance the tax rebates will be either squirreled away or used to pay down credit cards. A shift to greater saving would tend to hit outlays for both goods and services.
7. On balance, recession forces appear to be getting stronger this quarter, not weaker. That will put even more pressure on the goods sector. And while the service sector's resilience may help to keep the recession mild, it won't necessarily be able to prevent one.
单选题Merrilee Miller, merchants association marketing director, called the festivities a (n)______ for the sickening feelings left by the shootings at Westroads Mall on Wednesday. A. antifebrile B. antidote C. counteract D. neutralization
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单选题Although he did not feel well, he insisted ______ going there together with us. A) to B) on C) at D) for
单选题{{B}}Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your
answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.{{/B}}
One of the political issues we hear a
lot about lately is campaign finance reform. The people who are calling for{{U}}
(21) {{/U}}usually want the government to pay for campaigns and/or
limit the mount of money that candidates and their supporters can
spend. One reason that reform is{{U}} (22) {{/U}}for is
that it costs so much to run for political office. Candidates have to spend a
great deal of time and effort{{U}} (23) {{/U}}money. The incumbents
(those already in office) have{{U}} (24) {{/U}}time to do their jobs
since they must attend so many fund raising events. Another{{U}}
(25) {{/U}}is the fear that candidates will be owned or controlled by
the "special interest groups" that contribute to their campaigns. Sometimes this
certainly seems to be the{{U}} (26) {{/U}}. On the{{U}}
(27) {{/U}}side are those who caution that just because you call
something "reform," doesn’t mean it’s really{{U}} (28) {{/U}}. They{{U}}
(29) {{/U}}that our right to freedom of speech is meaningless if the
government can limit anyone’s ability to get his or her message out to the
people. If one person or a group of people want to tell the{{U}}
(32) {{/U}}what they think about an issue or candidate, they have
to{{U}} (31) {{/U}}advertising on TV, radio, and in newspapers and
magazines. They might want to display billboards along highways and banners on
heavily trafficked Web sites. All this{{U}} (32) {{/U}}a-lot of
money. Opponents of laws that regulate or limit spending say
that you don’t really have freedom of speech or freedom of the press if you
can’t get your message out. They say that in a democracy, the government should
never be able to regulate political discussion or the means to distribute ideas.
They believe that this is most important when the voters are about to make{{U}}
(33) {{/U}}. What do you think about this issue?
Listen to what the{{U}} (34) {{/U}}for national office have to say.
Which candidates make the most,{{U}} (35) {{/U}}to
you?
单选题The representative presented to the committee a ______ signed by 1,200 electors asking for a thorough probe into the financial scandal surrounding the candidate for the regional legislator.
单选题The two main causes are population pressures, especially the pressures (of) large metropolitan populations, and the desire—a (highly) commendable one—to bring a decent (life) at the lowest possible cost to the (largest) possible number of people.
单选题In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became______at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
单选题The children ______ very quiet; I wonder what they ______ up to.A. were; are beingB. are being; areC. are; doD. are being; do
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单选题Since the price you quoted would leave us no margin of ______, we must do business with other suppliers who are offering lower prices for Dinner Sets of the same quality.
单选题The children ______ around their grandmother. A. were seated B. seat C. was seated D. seated
单选题The teacher insisted that we ( ) our homework before 9 o'clock.
单选题If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered as individual responsibility. Labor is simply another force of production to be hired/rented at the lowest possible cost, which is a must as one buys raw material or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporate pecking order. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer. By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work force, in fact, they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional or managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at the speed with which new equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
单选题Two decades ago only spies and systems administrators had to worry about passwords. But today you have to enter one even to do humdrum things like turning on your computer, downloading an album or buying a book online. No wonder many people use a single, simple password for everything. Analysis of password databases, often stolen from websites, shows that the most common choices include "password", "123456" and "abc123". But using these, or any word that appears in a dictionary, is insecure. Even changing some letters to numbers ("e" to "3", "i" to "1" and so forth) does little to reduce the vulnerability of such passwords to an automated "dictionary attack", because these substitutions are so common. The fundamental problem is that secure passwords tend to be hard to remember, and memorable passwords tend to be insecure. Weak passwords open the door to fraud, identity theft and breaches of privacy. An analysis by Verizon, an American telecoms firm, found that the biggest reason for successful security breaches was easily guessable passwords. Some viruses spread by trying common passwords. The solution, say security researchers, is to upgrade the software in people's heads, by teaching them to choose more secure passwords. One approach is to use passphrases containing unrelated words, such as "correct horse battery staple", linked by a mental image. Passphrases are, on average, several orders of magnitude harder to crack than passwords. But a new study by researchers at the University of Cambridge finds that people tend to choose phrases made up not of unrelated words but of words that already occur together, such as "dead poets society" . Such phrases are vulnerable to a dictionary attack based on common phrases taken from the Internet. And many systems limit the length of passwords, making a long phrase impractical. An alternative approach, championed by Bruce Schneier, a security guru, is to turn a sentence into a password, taking the first letter of each word and substituting numbers and punctuation marks where possible. "Too much food and wine will make you sick" thus becomes "2mf&wwmUs". This is no panacea: the danger with this "mnemonic password" approach is that people will use a proverb, or a line from a film or a song, as the starting point, which makes it vulnerable to attack. Some websites make an effort to enhance security by indicating how easily guessed a password is likely to be, rejecting weak passwords, ensuring that password databases are kept properly coded and limiting the rate at which login attempts can be made. More should do so. But don't rely on it happening. Instead, beef up your own security by upgrading your brain to use mnemonic passwords.
单选题When ______ ,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
单选题How and why would strain and anxiety trigger some of us to pile on extra weight? Stress activates the flight-or-fight response (应激反应), a physiological reaction designed to get your body moving quickly in a physical emergency. When your brain perceives a threat, it sounds the alarm to your adrenal glands (肾上腺) to pump out the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇). The hormone then signals fat cells to quickly release energy, which your muscles can use for a surge of power to "flee" or "fight". When the danger passes, cortisol briefly stays elevated to encourage your body to replenish (补充) its fat stores, then returns to normal. "The system works beautifully if you're running for the last bus home after work. It gives you a burst of energy, which you recover from quickly once you take your seat," says Pamela Peeke, MD, clinical assistant professor of medicine and author of Body for Life for Women. But when you turn on the stress response for months on end—worrying about your marriage or mortgage payments—you do damage. "Then, cortisol levels remain persistently elevated, persistently signaling your body to store fat," says Dr. Peeke. This mechanism may also affect where flab (松弛) builds up on your body. Under stress, women who carry excess weight in their abdominal area secreted (分泌) significantly more cortisol than women who didn't have extra belly fat, according to a study from the University of California at San Francisco. And since deep abdominal fat tissue has up to four times the number of receptors for cortisol as does superficial fat elsewhere in the body, the cells in this area are the most likely to respond and store fat when exposed to extra stress-induced cortisol. Unfortunately, this extra abdominal flab isn't just a cosmetic concern; it is strongly linked to a greater risk of heart disease and stroke, two top killers of women over 50. The cumulative (累积的) effects of the stress-fat connection can be great. Although you can't control many of the things that cause you stress, you can take steps to curb the negative effect these stressors have on your body. "Support is essential. Reach out to family and friends," says Alice Domar, PhD, director of the Mind/Body Center for Women's Health at Boston IVF.
单选题I think I was at school, ______ I was staying with a friend during the vacatizon when I heard the news． A．or else B．and then C．or so D．even so
单选题
单选题The attack was meticulously planned and executed. A. negligently B. slovenly C. fussily D. discreetly
单选题 In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard
Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky
point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like "serious
illness of a family member" were high on the list, but so were some positive
life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must
remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows
how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these
events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By
the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And
millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports.
Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines
ran headlines like "Stress causes illness!" If you want to stay physically and
mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful
events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to
avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription for
staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can
be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never
marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that
all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It
assumes we're all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what
about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with
more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long
time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental
swain.
单选题It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents ______ .
单选题It is the staff of dreams and nightmares. Where Tony Blair's attempts to make Britain love the euro have fallen on deaf ears, its incarnation as notes and coins will succeed. These will be used not just in the euro area but in Britain. As the British become accustomed to the euro as a cash currency, they will warm to it--paving the way for a yes note in a referendum. The idea of euro creep appeals to both sides of the euro argument. According to the pros, as Britons become familiar with the euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those in favor are bound to win. According to the antis, as Britons become familiar with the euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those opposed must mobilize for the fight. Dream or nightmare, euro creep envisages the single currency worming its way first into the British economy and then into the affections of voters. British tourists will come back from their European holidays laden with euros, which they will spend not just at airports but in high street shops. So, too, will foreign visitors. As the euro becomes a parallel currency, those who make up the current two-to-one majority will change their minds. From there, it will be a short step to decide to dispense with the pound. Nell Kinnock, a European commissioner and former leader of the Labor Party, predicts that the euro will soon become Britain's second currency. Hans Eichel, the German finance minister, also says that it will become a parallel currency in countries like Switzerland and Britain. Peter Hain, the European minister who is acting as a cheerleader for membership, says the euro will become "a practical day-to-day reality and that will enable people to make a sensible decision about it." As many as a third of Britain's biggest retailers, such as Marks and Spencer, have said they will take euros in some of their shops. BP has also announced that it will accept euros at some of its garages. But there is less to this than meet the eyes. British tourists can now withdraw money from cashpoint from European holiday destinations, so they are less likely than in the past to end up with excess foreign money. Even if they do, they generally get rid of it at the end of their holidays, says David Southwell, a spokesman for the British Retail Consortium (BRC).
单选题Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation, and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation. It is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world's finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity. Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City's importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York's location at the western end of one of the world's most important oceanic' trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast Midwestern hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York's primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristic as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.
单选题What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?
单选题Companies that employ illegal immigrants are to be named and shamed in a further attempt to crack down on people smuggling. The move by the Home Office comes four months after officials launched a concerted effort to identify and prosecute companies breaking the law. More than 200 companies have already been fined for hiring illegal labor. The Home Office says names of companies and directors are to be published on the UK Border Agency website. The agency will publish how many illegal immigrants the company was employing and how much it was fined. By May this year there had been 137 prosecutions under the new rules leading to fines totaling 500,000—almost 3,000 per firm. The total number of prosecutions was 10 times more than were carried out in 2007, and double the total for the previous decade. Immigration chiefs are also switching their focus from small-time illegal employers, such as takeaway restaurants, in an effort to major organized criminal enterprises supplying illegal labor, often relying on international networks to smuggle people into the UK. Some 7,500 immigration officers will be re-organized into more localized teams with police and customs officials in an effort to better target what the Home Office says are illegal working hotspots. These could include areas of the economy where there is a high demand for labor including agriculture, construction and hospitality. Nobody knows how many people are working without permission in the UK—although estimates put the number of illegal residents at more than 500,000. Trade Union leaders have also raised concerns about the government's strategy, arguing that it could drive the worst employers further underground, penalizing exceptionally poor workers unable to break out of a situation they did not necessarily choose.
单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}}
My dictionary defines subtle as "not
immediately obvious; characterized by skill or ingenuity; clever; elusive;
[even] insidious." Let us look at some concrete instances of this. (The very
word itself is an example, as the letter" b" is silent in
pronunciation.)" Language can be straight-forward and directly
to the point, but sometimes that takes the fun out of it. On occasion, at least,
one appreciates subtleties—often as the mark of a quick wit. This particularly
is true of jokes that generally have a double meaning. For example: Awaitress
received only three pennies for a tip. Nonplussed, she told the customer that
those three pennies told a lot about him. He took the bait and asked what they
revealed. "The first penny," she said, "tells me you are thrifty." The patron
agreed. "what does the second penny say?" asked the customer. "It tells me
you're a bachelor." "Right again," he replied, "And what does the third penny
tell you?" "The third penny," responded the waitress, "tells me your daddy was a
bachelor, too." How's that for a subtle punishment? Subtleties
also can be used on occasion for a good putdown. For instance, one can say a
certain man was a big gun of industry. "Yes," is the counter, "he was fired
several times." In this category was Mark Twain' s caustic time bomb: "He was a
good man—in the worst sense of the term." In our day of
political correctness (sometimes called the tyranny of the minority), police
seldom talk about suspects, but only about" persons of interest." I guess law
enforcement does not want another lawsuit on its hands. Then, too, with the
campaign against fat and fried foods, Kentucky Fried Chicken calls itself KFC,
figuring that few will think of "fried" that way. The meaning of
a word or phrase seems to change more rapidly today and unless one is "with it",
a faux pas (失礼) can be committed. Such is the case with the term, "an
exceptional child." Way back when, one would think that referred to an
especially bright youngster, whereas today it indicates a handicapped youth. So,
too, the word "primitive" virtually has been erased from our language and
replaced with "earlier culture" and Indians are known as Native
Americans. The world of advertising is a master at subtleties
with which it hopes to bamboozle (欺骗) the customer. For instance, when asked how
much a gallon of gasoline costs, the reply might be something like $2.25. Yet,
one must add a penny to that as a 9/10 follows the price, making it, in effect,
$2.26. Cereal prices have skyrocketed over the years, but some companies claim
to have held the line by keeping the price the same. What many do, however, is
reduce the number of ounces in the package. I leave the reader
with the truism that subtlety, not brevity, is the soul of wit. Use it to win
friends and influence people.
单选题The research scientists often meet with problems ______ new types of instrument for their solution. A. requiring B. required C. to require D. being required
单选题English is understood all over the world ______ Turkey is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.A. whileB. whenC. ifD. as
单选题As I"ve examined A
what it meant to
be poor, B
it has become clear
to me what I am C
most thankful
; both my tangible and my intangible D
good fortune
.
单选题They lost their way in the forest, and______made matters worse was that night began to fall.
单选题No one ______ him about his intention. A) dares ask B) dare ask C) dare to ask D) dares asking
单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}}
The fridge is considered a necessity.
It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:
"store in the refrigerator." In my fridgeless fifties childhood,
I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher,
the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday
meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of
cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty
years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable
in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed
comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried
techniques already existed--natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring,
bottling... What refrigeration did promote was
marketing--marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing
dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the
tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild
temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter,
millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily
maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated
house--while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of
charge. The fridge's effect upon the environment has been
evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If
you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off
your fridge next Winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get
rid of that terrible hum.
单选题Pat. Sorry, Linda, I'm late. It took me ages to find parking. Linda：______ A. Did you have a good time there? B. Did you find the park? C．We’ve got too many cars nowadays． D. I found paking just a few minutes ago．
单选题A. fearB. dearC. disappearD. bear
单选题
单选题The bat is a marvel of evolutionary adaptation. Most of them roost during the day, and are active at night or twilight for they can avoid objects in the dark. I have seen this phenomenon at work. In my youth I used to explore old mining shafts in the Randsburg district. Sometimes my intrusion disturbed clans of bats that were hanging upside down in the dark caves. They would fly about to evident panic, but the panic was mine, not theirs. Some flew crazily out into the daylight but some merely returned to their perches. None ever touched me, much to my relief. They may exist but I have never seen a stuffed nylon bat. To children, bats may not be as lovable as koala bears. Perhaps manufacturers do not regard them as marketable. It is not so much their hideous faces and winged bodies that have caused us to get rid of bats, but rather the ancient myths in which dead humans, such as Count Dracula, leave their graves at night in the form of bats to suck blood from human victims, especially fragile young woman. As we know from some movies these vampires must return to their graves before daylight. Endangered young women can frustrate vampire by sleeping with a string of garlic around their necks. There are actually three species of bloodsucking bats. They are called vampire bats after the ancient legends, and their tactics are indeed frightful. Like Count Dracula, they feed at night. They make a small cut in their sleeping victim with sharp incisor teeth, usually not even awakening their prey. Then they suck the blood that sustains them. Should that discourage children from wanting them as pets? As Mitchell notes from the New 'Yorker ad, bats are clean and intelligent. Most of them are insect-eaters, and they serve nature by destroying crop-damaging insects. They also pollinate (传授花粉) flowers and spreading seed. Bat Conservation International claims that without bats a host of insects/pests would multiply unchecked and many of our planet's most valuable plants would go unpollinated. It is clear that the bat is our friend, and that, despite its appearance, it is here to serve humanity. I'd be the first to buy a stuffed nylon bat. Children's hearts are big, and bats need love, too.
单选题The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be highly {{U}}contagious{{/U}}. A. spreading B. contemptible C. contented D, depressing
单选题According to psychologists (心理学家) , an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person's thoughts.
Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.
Psychologists think that there are two types of emotions: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.
Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry
drains
valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.
单选题On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems______paid special attention to.
单选题For someone whose life has been shattered, Hiroshi Shimizu is remarkably calm. In a cramped Tokyo law office, the subdued, bitter man in his 30s--using an assumed name for the interview relates how he became infected with the HIV virus from tainted blood products sold by Japanese hospitals to hemophiliacs during the mid-1980s. "I was raped," says Shimizu. "I never thought doctors would give me bad medicine. " last year, Shimizu was shocked when a doctor newly transferred to his hospital broke the news. Four years earlier, he had asked his previous doctor if he could safely marry. "He told me. 'There's absolutely no problem, 'even though he knew [I was infected]," Shimizu says. "I could have passed it to my wife. " Luckily, he hasn't. Shimizu is one of more than 2,000 hemophiliacs and their loved ones infected with the deadly virus before heat-treated blood products became available in Japan. It's a tragedy-and now it's a national scandal. In recent weeks, the country has been rocked by charges that Japanese drug and hospital companies kept selling tainted blood even after the AIDS threat was proved beyond a shadow of a doubt. Even worse is the charge that the Japanese government knowingly allowed this dangerous practice as part of a policy to protect domestic companies from foreign competition. Japan's bureaucrats are already under attack for their role in the banking fiasco. As the AIDS scandal unfolds, Japanese confidence in government could erode even further. Big settlements in a related lawsuit may also set a precedent in other AIDS liability cases around the world. The origins of the tragedy go back to 1983. By then, scientists were closing in on the virus that causes AIDS, and U. S. health authorities mandated that all blood products be heat-treated to protect hemophiliacs and patients from infection. Japanese authorities were concerned as well: the Health & Welfare Ministry formed an AIDS study group headed by the country's foremost hemophilia expert, Dr. Takeshi Abe. RAIN AND SLEET. What happened next has only just been revealed, thanks to an investigation by new Health Minister Naoto Kan. According to investigators, the ministry group on July 4, 1983, recommended banning untreated blood imports. Since no heattreated products were then available from Japanese companies, the group also advised allowing emergency imports of heat-treated blood from companies such as U. S. drug giant Baxter International Inc. But a week later, the recommendation was reversed. According to memos recovered from the records of Atsuaki Gunji, then head of the ministry's Biological & antibiotics Div., the recommendation was overturned because it would "deal a blow" to domestic companies. Japan's marketers of blood products bought imports of untreated blood--and they did not have their heat-treatment processes yet. The ministry insisted that Baxter conduct two years of clinical testing in Japan before it used its new heat treatment there. Domestic drug companies, led by Osaka-based Green Cross Ltd. rushed to develop their own treatment processes. Meanwhile, Baxter and other foreign companies that already sold untreated blood products in Japan had to continue the practice if they wanted to stay in the market. The recent revelations have sparked some startling events in a country where discussion of AIDS is still largely taboo. In February, health Minister Kan made front-page news when he officially apologized to HIV-infected hemophiliacs and families who had staged a 72-hour vigil in rain and sleet outside the ministry.
单选题The sad story about the little girl and her sick parents ______ all of us.
单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Reading the following four texts.
Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers
on ANSWER SHEET 1. {{B}}Text 1{{/B}}
It was inevitable that any of President
George W. Bush's fans had to be very disappointed by his decision to implement
high tariffs on steel imported to the U.S. The president's defense was pathetic:
He argued that the steel tariffs were somehow consistent with free trade, that
the domestic industry was important and struggling, and that the relief was a
temporary measure to allow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument
is absurd is that U. S. integrated steel companies ("Big Steel") have received
various forms of government protection and subsidy for more than 30
years. Instead of encouraging the industry to restructure, the
long-term protection has sustained inefficient companies and cost U.S. consumers
dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International
Monetary Fund, said in a report on Big Steel: "The American Big Steel industry
has been the champion lobbyist and seeker of protection .... It provides a key
and disillusioning example of the ability to lobby in Washington for measures
which hurt the general public and help a very small group."
Since 1950s, Big Steel has been reluctant to make the investments needed
to match the new technologies introduced elsewhere. It agreed to high wages for
its unionized labor force. Hence, the companies have difficulty in competing not
only with more efficient producers in Asia and Europe but also with
technologically advanced U. S. mini-mills, which rely on scrap metal as an
input. Led by Nucor Cor. , these mills now capture about half of overall U. S.
sales. The profitability of U. S. steel companies depends also
on steel prices, which, despite attempts at protection by the U.S. and other
governments, are determined primarily in world markets. These prices are
relatively high as recently as early 2000 but have since declined with the world
recession to reach the lowest dollar values of the last 20 years. Although these
low prices are unfortunate for U.S. producers, they are beneficial for the
overall U. S. economy. The low prices are also signal that the inefficient Big
Steel companies should go out of business even faster than they have
been. Instead of leaving or modernizing, the dying Big Steel
industry complains that foreigners dump steels by selling at low prices.
However, it is hard to see why it is bad for the overall U.S. economy if foreign
producers wish to sell us their goods at low prices. After all, the extreme case
of dumping is one where foreigners give us their steel for free and why would
that be a bad thing?
单选题More and more residences, businesses, and even government agencies are using telephone answering machines to take messages or give information or instructions. Sometimes these machines give (1) instructions, or play messages that are difficult to understand. If you (2) telephone calls, you need to be ready to respond if you get a (3) . The most common machine is the (4) used in residence. If you call a home (5) there is a telephone answering machine in operation you (6) hear several rings and then a recorded message (7) usually says something (8) this: "Hello. We can't come to the (9) right now. If you want us to call you back, please leave your name and number after the beep." Then you will hear a "beep," (10) is a brief, high-pitched (11) . Alter the beep, you can say who you are, whom you want to speak to, and what number the person should call to (12) you, or you can leave a (13) . Some telephone answering machines (14) for only 20 or 30 seconds after the beep, so you must respond quickly. Some large businesses and government agencies are using telephone answering machines to provide information on (15) about which they receive a large volume of (16) . Using these systems (17) you to have a touch-tone phone (a phone with buttons rather than a rotary dial). The voice on the machine will tell your to push a certain button on your telephone if you want in-formation on Topic A, another button for Topic B, and so on. You listen (18) you hear the topic you want to learn about, and then you push the (19) button. After making your (20) , you will hear a recorded message on the topic.
单选题The miser will not donate any money to charity because he is ______________ .
单选题You have heard of Webster Toys. Webster's have made good, safe, interesting toys for more than a hundred years. Now, we sell them, and children play with them, in countries from New Zealand to Norway, and from Japan to Brazil(巴西). We are looking for someone to sell our toys in the Far East. He (or she) will be between the ages of thirty and forty. He will already have some years of selling in world markets behind him. He will speak good English, and at least one other language of the Far east. The person we are looking for will live in Singapore, and work in our office there, but he will travel for up to six months in any one year. He will know the Far East quite well already. He will know how to sell in old markets, and where to find new ones. He will understand money, and make more than ever before, for himself, and for Webster Toys. Webster's want someone who can stand on his own feet. If you think you are the person we are looking for, write to Mr. J. Sloman at our Head Office. Webster Toys Ltd. Church Mill, Watford Herts. WD3 6HE
单选题(Only) by practice (will you) be able to improve your (speaking) English and gradually (speak) fluently. A. Only B. will you C. speaking D. speak
单选题Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each
passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them
there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best
choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding
letter in the brackets. He began his long and
transcendent career in a nondescript laboratory on the Adriatric Sea, dissecting
eels. "Since eels do not keep diaries, "the investigator, 19-year-old Sigmund
Freud wrote to a friend in the spring of 1876, the only way to detect gender was
to cut and slice, "but in vain, all the eels which I cut open are of the fairer
sex. Beginning May 11, 2006, the New York Academy of Medicine
will exhibit the largest collection of Freud's drawings ever assembled,
including several pieces from private collectors that have not been displayed in
public. The drawings, some embedded in letters and scientific essays, chart the
evolution of the Austrian neurologist's thinking, from his early and lesser
known devotion to marine anatomy to the psychological theory that would alter
forever humans' conception of themselves and launch a discipline,
psychoanalysis, that dominated psychiatry for half a century. The American
Psychoanalytic Association and the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute
collaborated in the exhibition. Freud's methods have fallen
from favor in recent decades, but science historians say that his investigation
of the unconscious more than a century ago stands as a revolutionary achievement
that still informs many therapists' understanding of memory, trauma, and
behavior Freud's drawing were serious science, the eel doodle
notwithstanding. In the latter part of the 19th century, German researchers
considered drawing to be instrumental to scientific discovery, both as a way to
capture the microscopic detail of nerve cells, for example, and to illustrate
theories of how the brain might work, said Lynn Gamwell, curator of the exhibit
and director of the Art Museum at the State University of New York at
Binghamton. " Einstein once said that when be thought about science, he thought
visually, he thought in pictures, and this appears to be the case with Freud,"
said Dr. Gamwell, a professor of science history. Freud's
drawing tell a story in three acts, from biology to psychology, from the
microscope to the couch. The first, from Freud's college years into his
mid-twenties, took place in laboratories, where he examined the nervous systems
of crayfish and lamprey, among other animals. The 21 drawings from this period
would look familiar to anyone who used a microscope in high school but on deeper
inspection betray compulsive detail. One, titled "On the
Structure of the Nerve Fibers and Nerve Cells of the River Crayfish, " depicts
four types of nerve cells and minutely details the elements in the nuclei, the
cell bodies shaded so carefully that they appear three-dimensional, alive, alien
eyeballs bobbing in space. In another sketch, of the spinal anatomy of the
lamprey, nerve fibers braid together like climbing vines, with cells hung
throughout like clusters of ripening grapes. By his late
twenties, Freud had gained some experience with patients and, in a second phase
of his career, he began to focus on brain function rather than descriptive
anatomy. One drawing from this period, meant to illustrate the brain's auditory
system, is as spare and geometric as a Calder sculpture, with fibers running
between neural regions. The sketch is meant to represent scientific pathways in
the brain, but the depiction is dramatically more abstract than his earlier
work. In another, from an unpublished essay titled "Introduction to
neuropathology," looping lines connect several nodes in a diagram intended to
show how areas of the brain represent body, arms, face, hands.
At the time these drawing appeared, many neurologists presumed the body was
somehow mirrored in the brain, perhaps altered in form but recognizable, intact.
Yet in this sketch and others like it, Freud said the brain worked differently;
that is, fibers and cell "contain the body periphery in the same way as a poem
contains the alphabet, in a complete arrangement" based on a body part's
function, not its location. Later research supported Freud's contention.
单选题If there were no water in the world, everything______ . A．will die B．would die C．would have died D．would have been dead
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when
there is a good reason for doing so. Many gardeners believe that more damage
results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its
own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have
a desired shape. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and
to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or
give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree
healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing
against each other and thus causing wounds. A tree may grow healthier by
removing the branches that are locking up the centre and so preventing the free
movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is
left on the tree and this provides an easy entry (进入) for diseases, but it is a
wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease
as to whether the tree will live or die. Pruning is usually clone in winter, for
then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the
leaves.
单选题I (can't hardly) believe it (when) I saw it (with) my (own eyes). A. can't hardly B. when C. with D. own eyes
单选题When the United States Congress created Yellowstone National Park in 1872, the goal was to set aside a place where Americans could enjoy the beauty of nature for years to come. Now, 142 years later, there are hundreds of national parks across the country, and technology is changing the way people experience them. Should park visitors be able to use cell phones, or should their use be restricted?
"Connectivity presents a real challenge to all of us." A1 Nash says. He is a public affairs officer at Yellowstone National Park. He says cell phone service at Yellowstone is available in parts of the park With stores and campgrounds. This makes it easy for visitors to share photos of their trip on social networking sites and to stay in touch with friends and family members. If a park visitor is hurt or in danger, cell phones make it easier to get help. Some say the ability to download applications that provide information about plants and animals in the park can enrich a visitor"s experience.
Others say cell phones disturb people"s enjoyment of our national parks. In their view, cell phone towers are an
eyesore
, and they"d rather hear the sound of birds than the ring of an incoming call. Can you imagine looking out a peaceful lake or field of grass only to be disturbed by a person shouting into their phone, "Can you hear me now?"
Nash says Yellowstone tries to strike a balance. "Ultimately, our job is to let visitors understand and enjoy nature better while protecting what people find special about Yellowstone, and one of those things that"s special is the ability to get away from the hustle and bustle (喧嚣) of one"s daily life."
单选题The government decided to take a______action to strengthen the market management. A. diverse B. durable C. epidemic D. drastic
单选题The works of Bronte sisters are marked by strong______ elements.
单选题An attempt towards the rectification of the rot that has set in the social and national life of the country is being made, with great enthusiasm, through judicial activism. However judicial activism alone does not suffice for the rectification of this all-pervading malaise. What is urgently needed is the support of other social agencies/institutions. A very important role in this matter can be played by media activism, the topic under discussion today. It is undoubtedly true that the position of media or journalism is not that of a mission but of a commercial industry. The truth of the matter, however, is that our present journalism is used to presenting only half side of the picture. This is the root cause of all our problems. In view of the present circumstances media activism would amount to present a balanced reporting of the situation abandoning the present policy of selective reporting. The principle of modern journalism can be understood from this saying: "When a dog bites a man it is no news, but when a man bites a dog, it is news". One practical example of this method is provided by our present journalism which is constantly engaged in giving maximum coverage to any hot news created by an unruly section of Muslims. If the percentage of hot news forms only one percent the percentage of soft news is not less than 99 percent. But the readers of the newspapers aretotally in the dark about this 99 percent of the picture, whereas the one percent is being repeated. Similarly if an extremist Hindu creates hot news, this will find a place in all the newspapers the next day. Whereas even in the Hindu world there is 99 percent soft news while hot news forms not more than one percent. As a result of this one sided study, unreal opinion is formed by both the communities regarding one another. Taking extreme forms this unreal opinion at times turns into communal riots. The selective reporting of this nature remains a permanent obstacle to the path of national integration. For the rectification of this state of affairs a powerful journalists organization-as we already have formed for our rights-based on the principles of social responsibilities is required. Media Relations Forum is an organization which aims at working for this goal. Along with this I should like to put forward a proposal for bringing about an atmosphere of support and cooperation between the newspapers and social workers. Whenever a rumor spreads or a group indulges in any activity which may lead to disrupting peace, social workers should immediately engage themselves in a thorough investigation of the matter and then through the full support of the newspapers the actual version is published in the newspapers. This is the only way to maintain peace and harmony in communities.
单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}}
On the morning of September 11th, I
boarded the train from Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan just as usual and
went to the Body Positive office in the South Street Seaport of Lower Manhattan.
While I was leaving the subway at 8:53 am, a man ran down the street screaming,
"Someone just bombed the World Trade Center." Those around me screamed and
shouted "No!" in disbelief. However, being an amateur photographer, and thinking
that I might be able to help out, I ran directly toward the WTC. I stopped just
short of the WTC at a comer and looked up. There before me stood the gaping hole
and fire that had taken over the first building. I stood there in shock taking
pictures, wanting to run even closer to help out, but I could not move. Soon I
saw what looked like little angels floating down from the top of the building. I
began to cry when I realized that these " angels" —in fact, desperate office
workers--were coming down, some one-by-one, some even holding hands with
another. Could I actually be seeing this disaster unfold with hundreds of people
around me crying, screaming and running for safety? As I watched
in horror, another white airliner came from the south and took aim at the South
Tower. As the plane entered the building, there was an explosion and fire and
soon debris (碎片) began to fall around me. It was then that I realized that we
were being attacked and that this was just not a terrible accident. Yet, I still
could not move, until I was pushed down by the crowd on the street, many now in
a panic running toward the water, as far from the WTC as they could
possibly get. All around me were the visual reminders of hundreds of people
running in panic. There were shoes, hats, briefcases, pocketbooks, newspapers,
and other personal items dropped as hundreds of people ran for safety.
Much has been written about the disaster already. We have learned so much
in such a small amount of time about appreciating life. In some way we must move
forward, bury the dead, build a memorial for those lost, and begin the coping
and healing process for the survivors. But healing takes time. Some have been
able to head right back to work, others seek counseling, while others remain,
walking through the streets with expressionless faces. However, we are all
united in our grief.
单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}}
Many countries have a tradition of
inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange
in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy
in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a
well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He
refused—and they ended up with several coves called Zog.
America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign
talent. Article two of the constitution says that "no person except a
natural-born citizen.., shall be eligible to the office of the president". This
is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold
Schwarzcnegger. Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile
cyborg swept to victory in California's recall election, yet there is already an
Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born
governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his
behalf. There are several "Arnold amendments" in Congress: one al- lows
foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become president.
(The Austrian became American in 1983. ) It is easy to dismiss
the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr.
Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor, but he bas done little, as
yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state. Indeed, even if
the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this
time from Canada: the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who
appears to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic
actor. Moreover, changing the American constitution is no
doddle. It has happened only 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments
were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment
has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be
ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is
hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And,
as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running
mil- itary superpowers.
单选题The text suggests that Mr. Isdell
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单选题A ______ is an occasion at which people who have great knowledge of a particular subject meet in order to discuss a matter of interest.
单选题Which word would you use to describe the author’s tone in this passage?
单选题The time delay during which the disk drive is brought up to operating speed and the access mechanism positioned is ______. A．access time B．rotational delay C．seek time D．I-time
单选题When did hunting for animals become out of date for our forefathers?
单选题The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also ______ a large number of social customs. A. join B. take C. share D. have
单选题Mrs. Edwards' husband tried to ______.
单选题As is generally agreed, a home without love is not ______ a home as a body without soul in a man. A. such B. as much of C. so much of D. much of
单选题The Second World War, ______ the earlier one of 1914, prompted public concern about the physical and intellectual well-being of the country's human resources. A. so as B. as was C. same as D. as did
单选题More optimistic analysts argue that as the types of companies that provide dividends tend to have higher cash flows.
单选题Shop Assistant: Good morning. Can I help you?
Customer: ______. I'm just looking round.
A. No, you can't
B. Not at the moment, thanks
C. Yes, please
D. Yes, thank you
单选题When the baby was first sent to the hospital in London, her illness was considered to be ______.
单选题That singer and dancer ______ our party． A．is to attend B．was attend C．were to attend D．are attend
单选题Being told I would be expected to talk here, I inquired what sort of a talk I ought to make. They said it should be something suitable to youth something didactic, instructive, or something in the nature of good advice. Very well, I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one"s tender early years that such things will best take root and be most enduring and most valuable. First, then, I will say to you, my young friends and I say it beseechingly—Always obey your parents, when they are present. This is the best policy in the long run, because if you don"t they will make you. Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally make more by humoring that superstition than you can by acting on your own better judgment.
Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others. If a person offends you, and you are in doubt as to whether it was intentional or not, do not resort to extreme measures; simply watch your chance and hit him with a brick. That will be sufficient. If you shall find that he had not intended any offense, come out frankly and confess yourself in the wrong when you struck him; acknowledge it like a man and say you didn"t mean to. Yes, always avoid violence; in this age of charity and kindliness, the time has gone by for such things. Leave dynamite to
the low and unrefined
.
单选题
{{B}}Questions 21—23 are based on the passage about
malls in the US. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions
21—23.{{/B}}
单选题I'd like to ______ him to you for the job. He is very clever and capable. A. refer B. suggest C. recommend D. propose
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Although interior design has existed
since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is
really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of
the many functions that might be{{U}} (56) {{/U}}in a single large
building. The importance of interior design becomes{{U}}
(57) {{/U}}when we realize how much time we{{U}} (58)
{{/U}}surrounded by four wails. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our
surroundings to be{{U}} (59) {{/U}}attractive and comfortable as
possible. We also expect{{U}} (60) {{/U}}place to be appropriate to its
use. You would be{{U}} (61) {{/U}}ff the inside of your bedroom were
suddenly changed to look{{U}} (62) {{/U}}the inside of a restaurant. And
you wouldn't feel{{U}} (63) {{/U}}in a business office that has the
appearance of a school. It soon becomes clear that the interior
designer's most important{{U}} (64) {{/U}}is the function of the
particular{{U}} (65) {{/U}}. For example, a theater with poor sight
lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and{{U}} (66) {{/U}}few entries and
exits will not work for{{U}} (67) {{/U}}purpose, no matter how
beautifully it might be{{U}} (68) {{/U}}. Nevertheless, it is not easy
to make suitable{{U}} (69) {{/U}}for different kinds of space, lighting
and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. {{U}}(70)
{{/U}}addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design
built-in furniture according to the functions that need to be
served.
单选题It is suggested that the regular meeting on Wednesdays ______ limited to 20 minutes.
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单选题This underlined word "diminish" is similar to ______.
单选题The freshmen______the new college life soon except Tom.
单选题What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead?
1
, cocaine is harmful, but what makes it harmful?
I can"t tell you about drugs, but I can help you think about them in this simple way. Your body is a very
2
machine, really a lot of chemical machinery, all of which
3
so that it all works together. Special
4
, which we call drugs, can affect it or
5
it in many different ways.
Some drugs are
6
when your body has a problem,
7
disease-causing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too
8
or some penicillin because it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria.
9
, all drugs are really poison,
10
if you take too much, so you must always use them carefully.
Why do some people take drugs like cocaine? For a little while they seem to make you feel
11
, or smarter, or happier. But after their effects have worn
12
, your body has to pay an extra
13
to get back to
14
. That makes you want to get some more of the drug. So we say they are addictive.
Drugs like cocaine have their special effects
15
they act as special poisons for your nervous system. They disconnect some of your nerve pathways and take
16
some of your senses and your worries. They make you want always more. And just a little
17
much can even block nerves to your heart and stop its beating.
Many of us worry about the environment around us and what pollution does to
18
How about your internal environment, and what
19
inside you? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your
20
. Most drugs are pollutants. You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you. Why would you want pollutants in your body?
单选题What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about our current problems? First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people. Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge. Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress. Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas.
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单选题The advertisement for Super Suds detergent ______ that the sale has
increased by 25% in the first quarter of the year.
A. have been so successful
B. had been so successful
C. has been so successful
D. will be so successful
单选题The picture illustrates the {{U}}compassion{{/U}} the artist has for his native land.
单选题He did very well, but he failed ______ the record.
单选题The greatest risk for rickets is in______ breastfed infants who are not supplemented with 400 IU of Vitamin D a day.
单选题You should make (the other) fellow (to feel important), if you want to get along with him and have him (like) you, because that is (the way to do it).
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单选题Eggs, though good to health, have ______ of fat content. A. large number B. a large number C. a high number D. a high amount
单选题Speaker A: ______
Speaker B: I think I"ve caught a bad cold and got a terrible sour throat.
单选题{{B}}Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:{{/B}}
The Xinhua bookstore chain, China's
largest official publishing enterprise, has become a surprising flash point for
interest among foreign venture capital investors. "We are
actively promoting the process of shareholding reform. Every day, we receive
lots of offers from domestic and foreign investors interested in getting
involved and may pick one or two to do so in the next two to three months,"
Zhang Yashan, the leading cadre of the head store's office said.
According to a company insider who requested anonymity, several securities
firms are overseeing Xinhua bookstore's reform and the company could list on the
domestic stock market once reforms are repotted to the government in May and
then completed. The source would not reveal the specific names
of the firms involved or details of the reform. "We will
stipulate that we must remain the majority shareholder, but we will welcome all
kinds of investment, including foreign capital, to establish a shareholding
enterprise. We hope the No. 2 shareholder will be a foreign enterprise," the
source said. In keeping with its World Trade Organization entry
promises, China must allow foreign investment in domestic publication retailers
by the end of this year.
单选题The explorers' hopes of finding their missing colleagues are now beginning to______.
单选题The new______of knowledge has created ______people: everyone believes that his or her subject cannot and possibly should not be understood by others.
单选题In the sunlight, the coolest clothes would be ______.
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单选题Education is all enormous and expensive part of American life. Its size is matched by its variety.
Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone—not just for a privileged elite. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming or driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and languages. Students choose their curricula depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The underlying goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities, and to give each one a sense of civic (公民的) and community consciousness.
Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and "Americanizing" the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the community, especially in the small towns.
The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time, learning how to use resource materials, libraries, statistics and computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts.
This is America"s answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time: "How can one prepare today"s child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict nor understand?"
单选题It seems to me that the Americans are a highly ______ people. Most of
them like to travel whenever they get the chance.
A. civilized
B. luxury
C. ambitious
D. mobile
单选题By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil. Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all), were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm. This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species)can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always-supplementary factors.
单选题Having lost consciousness for twenty hours, the wounded soldier ( ) at last.
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单选题Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don"t!". But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a theatrical company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, publicity (宣传), taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed, and the hours are long and the salary is tiny.
Of course, some people have remarkable chances which lead to fame and success without this long and hard training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his ear. He stopped and got out to speak to the girl. He asked if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to convince Connie that he was serious. The test was successful. And within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
单选题His composition is better than ______ in the class. A. anyone B. anyone's C. anyone else D. anyone else's
单选题The reasons shown in Young Soldiers for children to join the army are ______.
单选题A good modem newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特定) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interesied in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own news paper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
单选题The Pakistani president, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, announced here today that a delegation of Pakistani officials would fly to the Taliban~ s headquarters in the southern Afghan city of Kandahar Monday to renew demands that the militia surrender Saudi fugitive Osama Bin Laden. U.S. officials have named Bin Laden, who has been given shelter by the Taliban rulers in Afghanistan, as the prime suspect in Tuesday's terrorist attacks in Washington and New York. "We are aware of the gravity of the situation and know that in the lives of nations, such situations do arise that require making important decisions," Musharraf said at a meeting with Pakistani newspaper editors. The Taliban's leader, Mohammad Omar, has refused to give up Bin Laden, claiming he is not responsible for the U.S. attacks. "The Pakistan government is leaning on the Taliban government to hand over Osama to save this entire region from catastrophe," said Najam Sethi, editor of the weekly newspaper Friday Times, who participated in the meeting with Musharraf. "I am not sure whether there is much chance of that happening, but the pressure is on from the Pakistan government." Pakistan has been a key supporter of the Taliban, which controls more than 90 percent of Afghanistan and has enforced a strict interpretation of Islamic law in the country. Omar, the Taliban leader, today convened an emergency meeting of clerics(圣职人员) in the Afghan capital, Kabul. "As regards the possible attack by America on the sacred soil of Afghanistan, veteran honorable clerics should come to Kabul for a sharia decision," Omar said in a statement broadcast on the Taliban's Radio Shariat today. Sharia is Islamic law. Omar, who reportedly left Ms. Kandahar headquarters several days ago in anticipation of a U. S. attack, asked Afghans to pray and read the Koran to meet what he called a "test", according to the statement. He indicated he would not attend the meeting of clerics, though he reportedly met with a small group of senior clerics today. The Pakistan-based Afghan Islamic Press reported today it had received a statement from Bin Laden, dispatched by an aide from an undisclosed location in Afghanistan, in which he denied involvement in last week's attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. "I am residing in Afghanistan," the statement said, "I have taken an oath of allegiance to Omar which does not allow me to do such things from Afghanistan. We have been blamed in the past, but we were not involved./
单选题[此试题无题干]
单选题—Alice came back home the day before yesterday. —Really? Where ______?A. has she beenB. had she beenC. has she goneD. had she gone
单选题Jack is always late for appointments. He seems to be ______ of leaving the house on time.
单选题If you had worked hard before, you ______ worried about the coming examination now. A. would not be B. would not have been C. are not D. will not be
单选题The city government must take action ______ the increasing population.
A. to control
B. controlling
C. controls
D. controlled
单选题The phrase “soak up” in the last Para. probably means____. A．absorb B．warm up C．enjoy D．use up
单选题Your suggestion is feasible, though it might be rather______.
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单选题Some people view the findings with caution, noting that a cause-an&effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains______
单选题______ at his paper over the weekend, Neil didn't finish it.
A. As he worked hard
B. Hard as he worked
C. How he worked hard
D. How hard he worked
单选题The train will ______ from Platform 2 at 3:45 on Tuesday morning.A. departB. arriveC. stopD. derail
单选题Astronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in his career, including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound experience in the summer of 1980, when he participated in the NASA-AS-EE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Voss, then a science teacher at West Point, was assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Center's propulsion lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump seal on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed. It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seals could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them. "I worked a bit with NASA engineers," says Voss, "but I did it mostly by analysis. I used a handheld calculator, not a computer, to do a thermodynamic analysis. "At the end of the summer, he, like the other NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall, summarized his findings in a formal presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA, deepened his desire to fly in space, and intensified his application for astronaut status. It was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly, and was finally accepted in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space missions. The 50-year-old Army officer, who lives in Houston, is now in training for a four-month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station starting in July 2000. Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful for all involved. "It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time. It brings some fresh eyes and fresh ideas to NASA, and establishes link with our colleges and universities," Voss explains. "There's an exchange of information and an exchange of perspectives that is very important." For the academic side, Voss says, the ASEE program also "brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real-world problems and take it back to the classroom. /
单选题The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme". Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
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单选题The {{U}}daring{{/U}} young man rode through the Indian village trying to find his long-lost sister.
单选题Even as child, I was ______ by my mother"s accomplishments and beauty.
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单选题John Paul Jones was one of the founders of the United States Navy. During the Revolution, the colonies were desperate. They needed men to lead their small ships against the British fleet. Jones was more than willing to fight. John Paul Jones had once been a captain of a British merchant ship. In 1773, his crew mutinied. One member of the crew tried to gain control of the ship. Jones shot the man to death. The mutiny took place near the port of Tobago, an island in the Caribbean. Authorities there decided to have a trial. This meant certain death for John Paul Jones, since the whole crew would testify against him. One night during a thunderstorm, he escaped from the jail. He fled to the United States and lived with a family named Jones. His real name was John Paul. He added the name of Jones to his, in honor of the family. He outwitted the British ships that were sent to hunt him down. When the American Revolution ended he went to serve in the Russian navy. There, he fought the Turks and achieved one of the few major naval victories in the history of Russia. He died in Paris at the age of forty-five. John Paul Jones is considered both an American and Russian hero, but the English considered him a fugitive.
单选题According to the passage, the discussion on the rights of animals ______.
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单选题Speaker A: Professor Lee, can I come to see you about my presentation this evening?Speaker B: ______ A. Yes. Is 8 o'clock a convenient time? B. Fine. Please come by Bus No.2. C. No. Never mind. D. Oh. That's my pleasure.
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单选题The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.
Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world"s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.
Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly
provincial
and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, American lags behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall"s U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the
Wall Street Journal
. Overseas, their counterparts read the
Journal
as well as
the Financial Times of London and The Economist
, publications not often read in this country.
Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.
单选题How difficult it is______the modern world without oil.
单选题______, he did become annoyed with her at times.(清华大学2005年试题)
单选题Newspapers and magazines carry extensive ______ of diet and health topics and diet books are among the best sellers.
单选题He walked in the street without______ to buy anything. A. intention B. heart C. purpose D. thought
单选题The market for dust masks and air purifiers is ______ in Beijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze. A. booming B. looming C. dooming D. zooming
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单选题Lithography (平版印刷术) is an art process of printing from a plane surface on which the image to be printed is ink-receptive and the blank area ink-repellent. Lithography is based on the antipathy of oil and water. A drawing is made in reverse on the ground surface of the stone with a crayon or ink that contains soap or grease. The image produced on the stone will accept printing ink and reject water. Once the grease in the ink has penetrated the stone, the drawing is washed off and the stone kept moist. It is then inked with a roller and printed on a lithographic press. As a process, lithography is probably the most unrestricted, allowing a wide range of tones and effects. Several hundred fine prints can be taken from a stone. The medium was employed by many 19
th
century artists, including Goya, Delacroix, Daumier, Degas, and remains popular with contemporary artists. Among American artists noted for their lithographs are Currier and Ives.
The Currier and Ives firm of lithographers was founded Nathaniel Currier in 1834. James Ives joined the firm as a bookkeeper eighteen years later just after becoming Currier"s brother-in-law, and was made a partner in 1857. The pair showed an uncanny (神秘的) ability to predict what the American public would rash to buy in the way of cheap art, and literally hundreds of thousands of prints from as many as 7,000 individual pictures were turned out and sold from the firm"s shop in lower New York by street vendors and over shop counters throughout the country and even in Europe. Though in the course of time the firm employed some of America"s finest artists, artistic excellence could certainly not be counted among the firm"s real goals.
Nevertheless, some time after it went out of business in 1907, the prints enjoyed new popularity as collectors" items, the rarer examples fetching thousands of dollars in the 1920"s.
单选题—Have you watered the flowers? —No, but ______. A) I am B) Im going C) Im just going to D) I will go
单选题His doctor suggested that he ______ a short trip abroad.A. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took
单选题In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the worst from its people and institutions, and its experts focus exclusively on faults, hope dies. Too many people spend too much time looking down rather than up, finding fault with their country's political institutions, economic system, educational establishment, religious organizations, and—worst of all—with each other. Faultfinding expends so much negative energy that nothing is left over for positive action. It takes courage and strength to solve the genuine problems that afflict every society. Sure, there will always be things that need fixing. But the question is, do you want to spend your time and energy tearing things down or building them up? The staging of a Broadway show could illustrate my point. Let's say a new production is about to open. A playwright has polished the script, investor have put up the money,and the theater has been rented. A director has been chosen, actors have been auditioned and selected, and the cast has been rehearsing for weeks. Set, lighting, and sound engineers have been hard at work. By the time opening night arrives, nearly a hundred people have labored tirelessly—all working long hours to make magic for their audience. On opening night, four or five critics sit in the audience. If they pan it, the play will probably close in a matter of days or weeks. If they praise it, the production could go on for a long and successful run. In the end, success or failure might hinge on the opinion of a single person—someone who might be in a bad mood on opening night! What's wrong with this scene? In one sense, nothing. Critics have a legitimate role. The problem arises when we make critics our heroes or put them in control of our fate. When we empower the criti cmore than the playwright, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create.When we revere the critics of society, we eventually become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no room left for constructive optimism.
单选题What can be predicted from the last paragraph?
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单选题When Elephants Paint is a book ______.
单选题Frank Lloyd Wright probably is the greatest architect that the United States has ever produced. He was very (21) and had a natural ability (22) . His buildings were not only beautiful, but they were (23) functional. They fit their purposes very well. Wright's churches, (24) make people feel like (25) . His office buildings make people (26) working, and his houses make people (27) comfortable, at home. However. Wright's beautiful, (28) buildings are not the only reason (29) he is famous. There is another reason. Frank Lloyd Wright is called the greatest American architect because he started an American style (30) . Most of the architecture in the U. S. before Wright was really European, (31) . Wright's buildings do not (32) old European buildings. They have their own (33) . Wright's ideas about style are still used in the U. S. and in other parts of the world. The most important idea in Frank Lloyd Wright's Style of Architecture is that a building must (34) and the land around it . His houses are often called "grassland houses" because their lines are (35) to the lines on the grass land. (36) the lines of the grassland and the lines of Wright's houses (37) the horzon, the place (38) earth and sky seem to meet. They are horizontal lines. Most European style houses, (39) , have many vertical lines that form 90° angles (40) the horizon.
单选题Undergraduate students can have ______to several books at a time in the school library.
单选题The January fashion show, called FutureFashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines. The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. " Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren't comparable fabrics that can just replace what you're doing and what your customers are used to," he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents. Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. " Mainstream is about to occur," says Hahn. Some analysts are less sure. Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: "Not that I'm aware of. " Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she's on the hunt for "cute stuff that isn't too expensive. " By her own admission, green just isn't yet on her mind. But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.
单选题The struggle against sand storm will not end ______ victory unless we pay much attention to the balance of nature.A. atB. inC. forD. with
单选题How long ______ each other when they got married? A. had they known B. have they known C. would they know D. did they know
单选题Most leading magazines would be given to consumers for free as long as______.
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单选题In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______.
单选题______inflation, driven by rising food and oil costs, is striking hardest at the world"s poorest, who are forced to spend 60 to 80 percent of their income on food.
单选题Early this week a bit of cheery news was reported by the Manhattan Institute, a conservative think tank: black segregation has hit its lowest point in more than a century — declining in all 85 of the nation"s largest metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, the report is largely celebratory in tone, and it has been received in that fashion by much of the news media. Before we break out the champagne, however, it may be wise to pause and reflect for a moment on who was excluded from the analysis.
Our nation"s prison population has more than quintupled (soaring from 300, 000 in the mid-1970s to more than 2 million today), due to a "get tough" movement and a war on drugs that has been waged almost exclusively in poor communities of color.
Studies have consistently shown that people of color are no more likely to use or sell illegal drugs than whites, but a fierce drug war has been waged nonetheless, and harsh
mandatory
minimum sentences passed, leading to a prison-building boom unprecedented in world history. Despite this sea change, prisoners continue to be treated as nonentities in much sociological and economic analysis.
In the Manhattan Institute study, prisoners are not even mentioned, despite the fact that millions of poor people — overwhelmingly people of color — are removed from their communities and held in prisons, often hundreds of miles from home.
Most new prison construction has occurred in predominately white, rural communities, and thus
a new form of segregation
has emerged in recent years. Bars and walls keep hundreds of thousands away from mainstream society — a form of
apartheid
unlike the world has even seen. If all of them suddenly returned, they would not be evenly throughout the nation"s population. Instead they would return to a relatively small number of communities defined by race and class, greatly intensifying the levels of segregation we see today.
Those who imagine that the failure to account for prisoners can"t possibly affect the analysis would be wise to consider the
distortion
of unemployment figures in recent years. According to Harvard professor Bruce Western, standard unemployment figures underestimate the true jobless rate by as much as 24 percentage points for less educated black men. In fact, during the 1990s — the economic-boom years — no college black men were the only group that experienced a sharp increase in unemployment, a development directly traceable to the sudden explosion of the prison population. At the same time that unemployment rates were sinking to record low levels for the general population, the true jobless rate among no college black men soared to a staggering 42%.
Prisoners do matter when analyzing the severity of racial inequality in the U. S. Yet because they are out of sight and out of mind, it is easy to imagine that we are making far more racial progress than we actually are. For now, let"s keep the cork in the bottle and pray that we will eventually awaken from our color-blind
slumber
to the persistent realities of race in America.
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There are several ways you can find out
about the countries and places you wish to visit. You can talk to friends who{{U}}
(41) {{/U}}to the places, or you can go and see a{{U}} (42)
{{/U}}film about them,{{U}} (43) {{/U}}you can read travel
books. {{U}} (44) {{/U}}would seem that there are three
kinds of travel books. The first are those that give a personal,{{U}} (45)
{{/U}}account of travel which the author has actually{{U}} (46)
{{/U}}himself. If they are informative and have a good index,{{U}} (47)
{{/U}}they can be useful to you when you{{U}} (48) {{/U}}your
travel. The second kind are those books{{U}} (49) {{/U}}purpose is to
give a purely objective{{U}} (50) {{/U}}of things to be done and seen.
If a{{U}} (51) {{/U}}, cultured person has written such a book, then it
is even more useful. It can{{U}} (52) {{/U}}as a selective guide book.
The third kind are those books which are called a "guide"{{U}} (53)
{{/U}}some place or other. If they are good, they will,{{U}} (54)
{{/U}}their factual information , give an{{U}} (55) {{/U}}or an
interpretation. Like the first kind, they can be inspiring and{{U}} (56)
{{/U}}, but their primary function is to{{U}} (57) {{/U}}the reader
who wishes to plan in the most practical way. Whatever kind of
travel book you choose, you must make sure that it does not describe
everything{{U}} (58) {{/U}}marvellous, fabulous or magical. You{{U}}
(59) {{/U}}also note its date of publication, because travel is a
very{{U}} (60) {{/U}}affair and many things change quickly in the 20th
century. Finally you should make sure that the contents are well-presented and
easy to find.
单选题She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, ______ speak to a room of people.
单选题A : What about having a drink? B:______
A. Good idea.
B. Help yourself
C. Go ahead, please.
D. Me, too.
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单选题{{B}}Part C{{/B}}Directions: Read the following text
carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your
translations should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.
There are many innovations turning up in the latest
experimental and production electric cars, affecting everything from batteries
to motors to control systems. The need to make them all work together is
prompting a complete rethink about the way cars should be designed and
manufactured, and it is unclear which technologies will dominate as the
constraints imposed by internal combustion engines give way to the new limits
and possibilities associated with electric propulsion. (46) {{U}}But one group of
engineers have stuck their necks out and declared that a particular technology,
the electric hub motor, is likely to become the most widely used drive
system.{{/U}} At this week's Deutsche Messe technology
show in Hanover, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute displayed an electric
vehicle which they are using as a test platform to investigate new vehicle
systems. (47) {{U}}It includes electric hub motors, which they have developed to
be markedly more powerful than any such motors currently available.{{/U}} The
motors have all the necessary power and control systems integrated into the
wheel hub, greatly reducing the number of connections between the hub motors and
the rest of the vehicle. (48) {{U}}Because hub motors can
deliver power independently to each wheel, tricks like four-wheel-drive are
possible, and with software monitoring each wheel, stability and traction
control can also be built-in.{{/U}} Besides dispensing with the traditional engine
bay on a car, hub motors save space and weight because there is no need for a
mechanical transmission, with its driveshafts and differential units.
(49) {{U}}Some critics of the technology think having heavy electric
motors in the wheels of cars will have a negative effect on vehicle
handling.{{/U}} But Hermann Pleteit, a project manager with one of the 33
Fraunhofer research centres that have teamed up to work on the experimental car,
says the chassis and many other parts of the vehicle can be configured in such a
way to compensate for this. Several carmakers and component
suppliers are interested in hub motors. Michelin, for one, is developing a
system it calls the Active Wheel. (50) {{U}}As well as an electric motor to drive
the wheel, it contains a second electric motor to operate an active suspension
system that is also built into the wheel hub.{{/U}} Michelin reckons this
arrangement, which is now being tested in cars, could make other conventional
parts, like shock absorbers, unnecessary.
单选题Flannery O'Connor, (which) wrote novels and stories about (the) American south, was best known (for) her portrayals of (social) and religious fanaticism(狂热).A. whichB. manyC. forD. social
单选题Who invented Email? A．Bolt B．Newman C．Ray Tomlinson D．The text doesnt tell
单选题Thank you for all your hard work, I don't think we______it without you.