问答题Explain the(communicative)Principle of Relevance, and use it to explain why in a normal circumstance the sentence John went to the bank means that John went to a money-institution rather than that John went to the bank of a river.

问答题学龄儿童

问答题Directions: Write an email of about 100 words to a newspaper editor to advocate people to be responsible for their words on the Internet. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Interlanguage (北外2010研；北航2010研；上海交大2005研)

问答题What is the social constructivist theory? What implications does this theory have for the practice of a language teaching?

问答题Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair: 1)a. He no longer likes coffee, b. He liked coffee. 2)a. Mary is working in China. b. Mary is working in Beijing.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. The benefits of some environmentally friendly policies will not be apparent until decades after they have been enacted. (46) {{U}}That is one of the messages of a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, which, even by the standards of global environment assessments, is sobering reading.{{/U}} (47) {{U}}Global Environmental Outlook 3 (GE03), a study of the links between environmental, social and development issues, contains a range of dreadful but familiar predictions about the impact of factors such as climate change and industrial development.{{/U}} But the report, released last week in the run-up to August's World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, was unusually pessimistic about the prospects for reversing the damage. The new predictions are contained in one of four possible futures outlined in the report. The authors considered situations in which global politics were dominated by concerns over markets, environmental and social policies, security, or sustainability. These were based on attempts to calculate the effect of the different approaches on population levels, economics, technology and governance. Some of the situations produced a familiar picture. (48) {{U}}In a world dominated by a market mentality, for example, land and forest ruin becomes a critical issue, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean.{{/U}} But the sustainability situation's predictions shocked some of the authors. "The delays between changing human behaviour and environmental recovery came as the biggest surprise to the regional experts," says Jan Bakkes of the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment in Bilthoven, the Netherlands, one of the report's authors. (49) {{U}}The report found that even if environmentally friendly approaches were adopted now, carbon dioxide concentrations would continue to rise until 2050.{{/U}} Water shortages would continue and coastal pollution would increase slightly. Bakkes blames difficulty in changing energy and transport infrastructures. Originally used during the 1950s to simulate future conflicts, situations were revived in an improved form by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the early 1990s. "By adding situations to assessments you come up with a credible story about how the world might develop and can translate that into quantifiable formation." says Bert Metz, also at the Bilthoven institute and co-chair of the IPCC working group on strategies for tackling climate change. More than 1,000 scientists contributed to GEO$, which divides the world into no less than 17 different regions. (50){{U}}By contrast, the IPCC has used just four regions in previous assessments, although the panel's new chair, energy economist Rajendra Pachauri, has pledged to improve regional detail in future strudies.{{/U}}

问答题TRENCH: I have no objection to sit down and listen; but I don"t see how that can make black white; and I am tired of being turned on as if I were in the wrong.[He sits down. Cokane sits at his elbow, on his right. They compose themselves for a conference.]SARTORIUS: I assume, to begin with, Dr. Trench, that you are not a socialist, or anything of that sort.TRENCH: Certainly not. I"m a Conservative—at least, if I ever took the trouble to vote, I should vote for the Conservative and against the other fellow.COKANE: True blue. Harry, true blue!SARTORIUS; I am glad to find that so far we are in perfect sympathy. I am, of course, a Conservative; not a narrow or prejudiced one, I hope, nor at all opposed to true progress, but still a sound Conservative. As to Lickcheese, I need say no more about him than that I have dismissed him from my service this morning for a breach of trust; and you will hardly accept his testimony as friendly or disinterested. As to my business, it is simply to provide homes suited to the small means of very poor people, who require roofs to shelter them just like other people. Do you suppose I can keep up those roofs for nothing?TRENCH: Yes: that"s all very fine; but the point is, what sort of homes do you give them for their money? People must live somewhere, or else go to jail. Advantage is taken of that to make them pay for houses that are not fit for dogs. Why don"t you build proper dwellings, and give fair value for the money you take?SARTORIUS:[pitying his innocence]My young friend, these poor people do not know how to live in proper dwellings: they would wreck them in a week. You doubt me; try it for yourself. You are welcome to replace all the missing bannisters, handrails, cistern lids and dusthole tops at your own expense; and you will find them missing again in less than three days—burnt, sir, every stick of them. I do not blame the poor creatures: they need fires, and often have no other way of getting them. But I really cannot spend pound after pound in repairs for them to pull down, when I can barely get them to pay me four and sixpence a week for a room, which is the recognized fair London rent. No, gentlemen; when people are very poor, you cannot help them, no matter how much you may sympathize with them. It does them more harm than good in the long run. I prefer to save my money in order to provide additional houses for the homeless, and to lay by a little for Blanche.[He looks at them. They are silent; Trench unconvinced, but talked down; Cokane humanely perplexed. Sartorius bends his brows; comes forward in his chair as if gathering himself together for a spring; and addresses himself, with impressive significance, to Trench.]And now, Dr. Trench, may I ask what your income is derived from?TRENCH;[defiantly]From interest—not from houses. My hands are clean as far as that goes. Interest on a mortgage.SARTORIUS;[forcibly]Yes, a mortgage on my property. When I, to use your own words, screw, and bully, and drive these people to pay what they have freely undertaken to pay me, I cannot touch one penny of the money they give me until I have first paid you your ￡ 700 out of it. What Lickcheese did for me, I do for you. He and I are alike intermediaries: you are the principal. It is because of the risks I run through the poverty of my tenants that you exact interest from me at the monstrous and exorbitant rate of seven per cent, forcing me to exact the uttermost farthing in my turn from the tenants. And yet, Dr. Trench, you have not hesitated to speak contemptuously of me because I have applied my industry and forethought to the management of our property, and am maintaining it by the same honorable means. Questions:

问答题最近的一项调查表明，中国读书和杂志的人数比1998年降低了8.7%，而且总人口中只有5%的人经常读书。然而这一调查结果并不需要我们过分担心。读书人数的减少反映了人们生活方式的变化，人们获取信息的渠道已不再仅限于出版物了。越来越多的人承认他们一般都是通过上网而不是通过读书和杂志来获得信息的。

问答题科教兴国战略和人才强国战略

问答题Directions: For this part, you"re required to write a composition on the topic Should We Help Strangers? You should write at least 120 words, and your composition should be based on the outline given in Chinese below. Outline: (1)有人认为帮助陌生人是一种美德； (2)有人却认为帮助陌生人会给自己带来麻烦和危险； (3)我认为……

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Write a letter to Mr. Terry Thompson, recommending a Chinese university for him to study in China. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.{{/I}}

问答题What is the more or less clause?

问答题The Chinese Government announced a major overhaul of its national holiday system recently. The three-day May Day holiday will be cut into one day while the Tomb-sweeping Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival will become national holidays. That raises the number of paid holidays from 10 to 11.

问答题40年前，中美两国老一辈领导人用“跨越太平洋的握手”开启了中美关系的大门，开始探索不同社会制度、历史文化、发展阶段大国的相处之道。40年来，中美关系发展的广度和深度，远远超过了当年人们的想象。 中美合作将给两国和世界带来巨大机遇，中美对抗将给两国和世界带来巨大损害。无论国际风云如何变幻，无论中美两国国内情况如何发展，双方都应该坚定推进合作伙伴关系建设，努力发展让两国人民放心、让各国人民安心的新型大国关系。 中国唐代诗人韩愈有两句诗：“草木知春不久归，百般红紫斗芳菲。”意思是时不我待，必须奋发进取。中美关系正面临进一步发展的机遇，同时也面临新的挑战。让我们抓住机遇，排除干扰，共同努力，走出一条相互尊重、合作共赢的新型大国关系之路。

问答题Should old people stay with their children or go to the nursing homes? Write and essay of no less than 150 words opinion on this requirement. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Henri Matisse originally trained as a lawyer, turning to art whilst recovering from appendicitis. (46) {{U}}Initially seduced by the Impressionists and, in particular, by Cezanne, Matisse brought together a circle of like-minded artists who became known as the Fauves (the Beasts) after their sensational exhibition of. 1905{{/U}}. These early paintings revealed an intuitive and explosive colour sense which was to become the defining feature of Matisse's long career. (47) {{U}}Believing art to be'" something like a good armchair in which one rests from physical fatigue", he was dedicated to producing work that expressed a harmony close to a musical composition{{/U}}. (48) {{U}}There are two versions of La Danse, originally produced with another enormous panel entitled Musique for a Russian collector{{/U}}. Dance was a popular topic at the time as Diaghilev and the Russian Ballet had just visited Paris. (49) {{U}}Despite, or because of, the simplification of colour, form, and line, the figures appear to be full of life{{/U}}. Matisse made sculptures, designed sets and costumes and illustrated books. (50) {{U}}He was also an important graphic artist who, in his bed-ridden final years, evolved his own method of arranging cut-out paper shapes{{/U}}. He is indisputably the greatest decorative artist of the twentieth century.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 21. {{U}}The greatest achievement of humankind in its long evolution from ancient hominoid ancestors to its present status is the acquisition and accumulation of a vast body of knowledge about itself, the world, and the universe. The products of this knowledge arc all those things that, in the aggregate, we call "civilization", including language, science, literature, art, all the physical mechanisms, instruments, and structures we use, and the physical infrastructures on which society relies{{/U}}. 22. {{U}}Most of us assume that in modern society knowledge of all kinds is continually increasing and the aggregation of new information into the corpus of our social or collective knowledge is steadily reducing the area of ignorance about ourselves, the world, and the universe. But continuing reminders of the numerous areas of our present ignorance invite a critical analysis of this assumption{{/U}}. In the popular view, intellectual evolution is similar to, although much more rapid than, somatic evolution. Biological evolution is often described by the statement that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"--meaning that the individual embryo, in its development from a fertilized ovum into a human baby, passes through successive stages in which it resembles ancestral forms of the human species. The popular view is that humankind has progressed from a state of innocent ignorance, comparable to that of an infant, and gradually has acquired more and more knowledge, much as a child learns in passing through the several grades of the educational system. 23. {{U}}Implicit in this view is an assumption that phylogeny resembles ontogeny, so that there will ultimately be a stage in which the accumulation of knowledge is essentially complete, at least in specific fields, as if society had graduated with all the advanced degrees that signify mastery of important subjects{{/U}}. Such views have, in fact, been expressed by some eminent scientists. In 1894 the great American physicist Albert Michelson said in a talk at the University of Chicago: 24. {{U}}While it is never safe to affirm that the future of Physical Science has no marvels in store even more astonishing than those of the past, it seems probable that most of the grand underlying principles have been firmly established and that further advances are to be sought chiefly in the rigorous application of these principles to all the phenomena which come under our notice The future truths of Physical Science are to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals{{/U}}.

问答题获得更多知识的唯一途径是通过教育和培训。知识如同资本、物质资源和汗水一样，已经变成了生产的一个必要因素——也许是最基本的因素。因此，一个社会的教育体系应该是能够向以知识为基础的T作迅速转变，否则这个社会就将不可避免地落在后面。