问答题Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation. As a matter of fact,it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.

问答题良好的教育和可观的收入通常被认为是获得幸福的必要条件。两者也许会给人们带来幸福，但它们并不是让人幸福的主要因素，除非这个人所受的教育严重不足，或者他真正饱受物质必需品匮乏的折磨。富人不一定比中低收入的人幸福，受过大学教育的人要比中学没有毕业的人更幸福，人们普遍认为这主要是因为他们有更多的机会支配自己的生活。然而，受过高等教育且收入很高的人可能没有收入同样高却没有上过大学的人幸福。

问答题1) the reason for your letter; 2) the importance of her support; 3) how you make your living in the U. S. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Wang Ling" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题Will the sun rise where it sets and set where it rises? Can I relive the errors of yesterday and right them? Can I call back yesterday"s wounds and make them whole? ... Can I take back the evil that was spoken, the blows that were struck, the pain that was caused? No. Yesterday is buried forever.

问答题ICAO

问答题A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese: While it is true that living organisms are profoundly affected by their environment, it is equally important to remember that many organisms are also capable of altering their habitant significantly, sometimes limiting their own growth. The influence of the biological component of an ecosystem is often greater in fresh waters than that in marine or terrestrial systems, because of the small size of many freshwater bodies.

问答题You should cut out unnecessary words when you write an article.

问答题46) During the adolescence, the development of political ideology becomes apparent in the individual ; ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing set of general principles. As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills: the ability to manage abstractness, to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles. The child's rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. 47) By knowledge I mean more than the dull "facts" such as the composition of country government, that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninth-grade school course. Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. 48) These are facts of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescent's absorption of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding, for example, what the state can "appropriately" demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the "proper" relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions such as the schools and churches. Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. 49 ) Much of the naiveté that characterizes the younger adolescent's grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of "facts" but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and is not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done. Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. 50) Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information. Children's minds pick up bits and pieces of data, but until the adolescent has grasped the encompassing function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.

问答题There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the history of philosophy from that of science. Philosophy is largely discussion about matters on which few people are quite certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge increases, philosophy buds off the sciences. We also see how every philosopher reflects the social life of his day. 1 But we can hardly guess what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them, who take the brotherhood of man for granted, not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life, and yet know that this brotherhood was only achieved by ghastly struggles. The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible. We are all of us apt to take certain general ideas for granted, and call them common sense. We should learn that other people have held quite different ideas, and that our own have started as very original guesses of philosophers. If a dog could speak, it would probably not distinguish between motion and life. Some primitive men do not do so, and travelers interpret them as saying there are spirits everywhere. 2 In our age of machines we are apt to look for mechanical explanations of everything, yet it is only three hundred years since machines had been developed so far that Descartes first suggested that animal and human bodies were machines. A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science. I think this is true for a great many of the questions on which philosophers still argue. 3 For example, Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to it from the sun, and another from our eyes, and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don"t know in much detail how the changes in our eyes give rise to sensation. 4 But there is every reason to think that we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge and will are going to be pretty fully cleared up. 5 But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others which perplex us today, there will still be one field of which they do not know, namely the future. However exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which we are ignorant. And where science gives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment. That is one reason why Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote so little on many philosophical problems which interested their contemporaries.

问答题Dramatic Monologue (5 points)

问答题“代沟”的定义。 2．“代沟”现象产生的原因。 3．我的看法。

问答题Suppose you will apply for a job as an English teacher. You are required to write a letter of 100 words. The letter must contain all the information as following: 1. your educational background. 2. your working experience. 3. why do you think that you are capable for the work?

问答题工程制图

问答题Within a very short time of coming back into power, the present government had taken steps to stabilize the position. First of all, we applied ourselves to identifying the root causes of our national ailments examining contemporary evidence and refusing to be slaves to outmoded doctrinaire beliefs. Secondly, we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth the modernization of industry and a proper balance between public and private expenditure. Thirdly, by refusing to take refuge—as the previous Government had continually done in the preceding years—in panic-stricken stop-gap measures, we stimulated the return of international confidence. As a result of those immediate measures and aided by the tremendous effort which they evoked from our people who responded as so often before to a firm hand at the helm, we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization.

问答题The author of FAMILY VALUE paints a rather bleak vision of signs where the traditional family is headed in our postindustrial age. Divorce is raging. More people are living alone. Couples are often living together without the commitment of marriage. These statistics are Britain today, but the phenomena are occurring throughout the postindustrial world as well. Sociologists do not agree as to the causes of this bleakness. Some lay blame on single mothers who set up a cycle of economic deprivation, emotional instability and lack of parental authority. Others feel that women working full time having fewer children, living much longer than their grandmothers, yielding to advertising and financial stress, and striving to "succeed" in terms of a man dominated world are the real causes. Also, families may be becoming more private as time and outside stress demand too much of its members. It seems, there is no sense of place in a time of continuous movement, old people need a purpose, and aging must be acknowledged.

问答题Semantic feature（四川大学2006研)

问答题We all know talented people who never seem to reach their potential. These people often have great early success, then seem to fade into averages. Those who lack persistence start out with the best intentions, but they eventually drift. This trait is quite characteristic, for example, of people who are constantly changing careers. They become enthusiastic about their new job and feed off this momentum for a while to perform well. But when this newness wears off and they realize they aren't incredibly committed to sticking with that job in the long term, their success begins to wane and they start to fail.

问答题(1) Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age. With the rapid spread of the Internet since the early '90s, and the relentless technological innovations generated through it, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, do business, think and communicate with others. (2) The unprecedented success of the Valley is a testimony to the concerted international endeavors and contributions by people from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds, made possible by the favorable political, economic and intellectual climate prevailing, as well as the farsighted policies of the US government. Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? There are several crucial factors. (3) First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professional and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be geniuses which the industry needs in order to move forward. Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place. Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk-taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no stigma attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough. A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual success. (4) Of equal importance, many bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the established companies. There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition. Intellectual challenges aside, it is a common practice for start-ups to offer generous share options to employees in order to attract the right talent into their folds. This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their utmost and to share in the company's prosperity if it reaches its goal. Many regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise. Those that have become high flyers, such as Netscape, Intel, Cisco and Yahoo, have turned many of their employees, including support staff like secretaries, into dot. corn millionaires overnight, often at the relatively young age of 20s or 30s. The Valiey's professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. A 15hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon, especially during the start-up stage. They would give up social life, and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It is this single minded pursuit of excellence, supported by strong ethos of team work and esprit de corps, that sustain them until their mission is accomplished. Paper qualifications, though useful, is not a be all and end all. More weight is given to a candidate's proven abilities and aptitude for the job. This is amply demonstrated by industry icons like Apple's Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft's Gates, all college dropouts who might not have emerged in a qualification-conscious community. While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, albeit in a less degrading form as before, it is hardly discernible in the Valley. What counts most is one's vision and track record, and not one's nationality, skin color or creed. (5) This, together with its multiracial society, informal lifestyle and agreeable climate, lures foreigners to its shores. However, with the collapse of the US Nasdaq share index earlier this year resulting in the plunge in prices of technology shares listed on it and elsewhere, the hitherto valuable share options held by numerous paper dot. com millionaires have become virtually worthless in these changed circumstances. Those who could not take the heat, as it were, left their employment feeling disillusioned.

问答题Official at the school were concerned about the low attendance during the winter months. They felt that people didn't attend then because the school did not have a good winter sports program.

问答题When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and fight-thinking people are worrying about obesity. Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy, stored around their expanding bellies. Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians (马尔萨斯主义者), who used to draw graphs proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quietly lately. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas. As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the apocalypse (《启示录》), but it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world's biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principle risk factor in diabetes; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an "epidemic" in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast. Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century's dining to excess. And everywhere else in the world，people are still piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.