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文学
单选题"Formal" and "informal" are features of______. (对外经贸2005研)
单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passages, decide on the best one of
the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and
then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket
on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One Guthrie's contiguity
principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.
One application of the threshold method involves the time young children
spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the
length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most
activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at
the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems
often result to apply Guthrie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the
year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher
could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single
activity. The threshold method also can be applied to teaching
printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their
movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances
between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into
the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters
would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students
can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller
borders to help them refine their skills. The fatigue method can
be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and
sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the
classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper
airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should
lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building
airplanes. Some students continually race around the gym when
they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method,
the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps
after the class has begun. The incompatible response method can
be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is
incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to
find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the
students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a
cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other
students. In a social studies class some students regularly fall
asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while
lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements
into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to
involve students and raise their interest in the
course.
单选题
单选题Which of the following is NOT included in the prescription of traditional free-market orthodoxy?
单选题On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as a first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (71) themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (72) 10 percent of the previous year's government (73) ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (74) macroeconomic policies; and (75) up a common central bank. Their declaration (76) that, "Member States (77) the need (78) strong political commitment and (79) to (80) all such national policies (81) would facilitate the regional monetary integration process. The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (82) a broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (83) institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (84) independence, (85) , these currency boards were (86) , with the (87) of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance file agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to (88) inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (89) in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (91) .
单选题The work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as a professor because______.
单选题Its ______ Peters pen ______ mine; it must be Janes. A．either; nor B．not; only C．between; and D．neither; nor
单选题The city of Wuhan is______of three sections, which are separated by the Yangtze River.
单选题What does the word "abate" (Line 3, Para. 1) most likely mean?
单选题Mrs. Taylor has ______ 8-year-old daughter who has ______ gift for painting—she has won two national prizes. A) a, a B) an, the C) an, a D) the, the
单选题As a result of {{U}}sophisticated{{/U}} technologies, this device has several advantages over like products.
单选题Within the next 20 years, various regions of the world may experience severe changes in climate. Some may be vulnerable to longer droughts, others to more coastal flooding.
单选题John James Audubon was born in 1785 and died in 1851, but his name is still spoken every day. Andubon was a scientist who loved nature. He wanted to show people the importance of nature in their lives. He was especially interested in birds, and painted many pictures of them. In 1905, the National Audubon Society was formed by people who were also interested in birds and wanted to continue Audubon's nature studies. Even now when people think of the Audubon Society, they usually think of birds. But the society does other things besides watching birds. The members of the Society try to improve the environment as much as they can. They have helped pass many laws that protect birds and animals, and people, too. They taught young people how to protect their environment. They try to make their own communities cleaner, better places to live in. John James Audubon knew that nature was important. He did not know how important his work would become.
单选题TEXT E The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, however, governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidise the exploitation and consumption of natural resources. A whole range of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and (often) make no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold bonus: a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to confront the vested interest that subsidies create. No activity affects more of the earth's surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet's land area, not counting Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and i980s mainly as a result of increases in yields from land already in cultivation, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil's productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a programme to convert 11 percent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than in America. Government policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. In the late 1990s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies. The most dramatic example was that of New Zealand, which scrapped most farm support in 1984. A study of the environmental effects, conducted in 1993, found that the end of fertiliser subsidies had been followed by a fall in fertiliser use (a fall compounded by the decline in world commodity prices, which cut farm incomes). The removal of subsidies also stopped land-clearing and overstocking, which in the past had been the principal causes of erosion. Farms began to diversify. The one kind of subsidy whose removal appeared to have been bad for the environment was the subsidy to manage soil erosion. In less enlightened countries, and in the European Union, the trend has been to reduce rather than eliminate subsidies, and to introduce new payments to encourage farmers to treat their land in environmentally friendlier ways, or to leave it fallow. It may sound strange but such payments need to be higher than the existing incentives for farmers to grow food crops. Farmers, however, dislike being paid to do nothing. In several countries they have become interested in the possibility of using fuel produced from crop residues either as a replacement for petrol (as ethanol) or as fuel for power stations (as biomass). Such fuels produce far less carbon dioxide than coal or oil, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow. They are therefore less likely to contribute to the greenhouse effect. But they are rarely competitive with fossil fuels unless subsidised and growing them does no less environmental harm than other crops. A result of the Uruguay Round of world trade negotiations is like]y to be a reduction of 36 percent in the average levels of farm subsidies paid by the rich countries in 1986-1990. Some of the world's food production will move from Western Europe to regions where subsidies are lower or nonexistent, such as the former communist countries and parts of the developing world. Some environmentalists worry about this outcome. It will undoubtedly mean more pressure to convert natural habitat into farmland. But it will also have many desirable environmental effects. The intensity of farming in the rich world should decline, and the use of chemical inputs will diminish. Crops are more likely to be grown in the environments to which they are naturally suited. And more farmers in poor countries will have the money and the incentive to manage their land in ways that are sustainable in the long run. That is important. To feed an increasingly hungry world, farmers need every incentive to use their soil and water effectively and efficiently.
单选题
单选题Speaker A: I think cartoons on TV are not good for kids to watch. There's too much violence in them. Speaker B:______
单选题The TV play we watched last night was very ______.
单选题I've no idea when she'll be back. ______ you wait or come back later
is up to you.
A. When
B. If
C. Whether
D. That
单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}}
Recent years have brought
minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities--as
well as new and significant risks. Civil right activists have long argued that
one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics and other minority groups
have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack of access
to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.
Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded
federal contracts of more than ＄500,000 do their best to find minority
subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the
government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set
specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to
minority enterprises. Corporate response appears to have been
substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate
contracts with minority businesses rose from ＄77 million in 1972 to 1.1 billion
in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for
the early 1980's is estimated to be over ＄ 3 billion per year with no letup
anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority
businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First,
minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially,
since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to
make substantial investment in new plants, staff, equipment and the like in
order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts
are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed
expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small
entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both
consume valuable time and resources, and a small company's efforts must soon
result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business
will suffer. A second risk is that White-owned companies may
seek to cash in on the increasing apportionment through formation of joint
ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are
legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises
can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil
right groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about
minorities being set up as "fronts" with White backing, rather than being
accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures. Third, a
minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer
often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of
circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes
it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases; when such firms
have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly
have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success. (469
words){{B}}Notes:{{/B}} civil rights activists 公民权利激进分子。Hispanics
西班牙后裔美国人。sizable orders 大额订单。subcontract 转包合同。on forms filed with the government
在政府存档备案。percentage goals 指标。apportionment 分配，分派。public works 市政工程。letup
减弱，缓和。promising as it is...这是as引导的让步状语从句，表语倒装了。patronage 优惠。concern n.公司。and the
like 以及诸如此类的。crippling fixed expenses 引起损失的固定开支。the world of 大量的。bid 投标。to cash
in on...靠……赚钱。team up 一起工作，合作。"fronts" 在此处意为“摆门面”。complacency
自满。
单选题
单选题We ended the dinner up ______ fruit and coffee. A. at B. by C. in D. with
单选题During voting, the city ______ will win host of Olympics.
单选题Narrative crept back into art through a side door marked fashion photography. In April 1967, French Vogue published a spread by Bob Richardson, the American photographer, that soon became a legend Informally christened " the Greek trip " by Richardson's admirers, the spread featured Donna Mitchell, a striking brunet model, hanging out on the Aegean island of Rhodes with a male companion. Of course, narrative never disappeared—it just went to the movies, and stayed, and stayed. But what had caused stories to be exiled from high art? The idea of essence, and the equation of essence with goodness. Can you imagine? Visual art is essentially composed of form, color, materials. Anything to do with content is extraneous and therefore to be associated with badness; therefore to be eliminated. Moreover, content, says this line of thought, is controlling. This means that a rose is the Virgin Mary (depending on what the meaning of " is " is). And art, like society, must be liberated from such hierarchically imposed values. What this argument overlooked, of course, is that narrative is a form in itself, not just a vehicle for content. Indeed, the ideology of formalism originated, in Soviet Russia, with the analysis of old folk tales. Narrative form, the analysis went, typically proceeds from an initial state of equilibrium through a series of destabilizing episodes, concluding with a heightened state of equilibrium at the end. Think Indiana Jones. You can plug whatever content you want in there as long as it creates the form. Each episode simply has to do with the work of creating disequilibrium. A narrative does not, in other words, tell a story. A story is told to give listeners the pleasure of the narrative form. If you were to isolate the form of disequilibrium from the specifics of plot, you might arrive at something resembling the collected work of Cindy Sherman. Initially modeled after movie stills, Sherman's pictures are not, of course, abstract. Over the years, in fact, their content has become increasingly elaborate. I see this as a form of generosity as well as a sign of advanced technical skills. Not since Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527-1593), perhaps, has an artist contrived to turn the human figure into a more bountiful cornucopia for the eye. Yet even the most visually splendid of Sherman's images are minimalist, in that they reduce the narrative down to the precise moment when the center of gravity shifts. Perhaps some unheard word is spoken. A floorboard squeaks. From upstairs comes a thump. And a tentative state of equilibrium gives way to anxiety or dread. That moment, too, represents essence. What more do you need to know?
单选题By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that ______.
单选题A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor. And that【C1】______does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less invisible then, however, were the new, positive【C2】______that work against the digital divide. Actually, there are reasons to be【C3】______. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more【C4】______, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential【C5】______there are. More and more enterprises, afraid their countries will be left【C6】______, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for【C7】______world poverty that we've ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has big potential. To【C8】______advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices【C9】______respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of【C10】______ (the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure—concerning roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment.
单选题Even the most
ardent
revolutionaries never went that far...
单选题My mother and father were invited to the party, but______of them went.
单选题
单选题______knows the name of this song will receive a prize from the radio station. A．One B．Who C．Anyone D．Whoever
单选题He ______ in that hotel since the beginning of August．A．has been living B．livedC．iS living D．lives
单选题He told me that I ______ be present at the ceremony. A) could B) would C) should D) might
单选题The square root of 636 is between which set of integers? A. 24 and 25 B. 25 and 26 C. 26 and 27 D. 27 and 28 E. 28 and 29
单选题______ I don't like pears.
单选题
单选题The structure of this animal's brain gives no ______ that it is more
intelligent than any others.
A.indication
B.index
C.hint
D.implication
单选题Space is full of unseen hazards among which are cosmic rays. A. dangers B. ventures C. galaxies D. prospects
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单选题Despite being thought of by most as a time for celebration, birthdays pose a serious health risk, according to a huge new study.
Researchers who studied the deaths of more than two million people found we are 14 percent more likely to die on our birthday than any other day.
The scientists suspect the stress of anniversary reaction hypothesis, or birthday blues, as the cause for the increase in death rates, however.
But according to the study, causes of birthday deaths included increased rates of heart attacks, stroke, cancer, and suicide. One interesting finding is that more suicides happen on birthdays, though only in men. Researchers say that this increase could be related to more alcohol being drunk on birthdays.
But the explanation was rejected by the scientists who believe that the event itself is largely responsible. Heart attacks and strokes they suspect are more common on the special day because of stress linked to celebrating a birthday—especially for older people.
单选题The humorous story may be told to great length, and may wander around as much as it pleases, and arrive nowhere in particular; but the comic (滑稽的) story and the witty (诙谐的) story must be brief and end with a point. The humorous story continues gently along, the other two burst. The humorous story is strictly a work of art--high and delicate (精美的) art--and only an artist can tell it; But no art is necessary in telling the comic and witty stories; anybody can do it. The art of telling a humorous story--I mean by word of mouth, not print--was created in America, and has remained at home. The humorous story is told seriously; the teller does his best to hide the fact that he him- self even suspects that there is anything funny about it; but the teller of the comic story tells you beforehand that it is one of the funniest things he has ever heard, then tells it with eager delight, and is the first person to laugh. When he gets through, and sometimes, if he has had good success, he is so glad and happy that he will repeat the point of it and glance around from face to face, collecting applause (喝彩), and then repeat it again.
单选题Which ONE of the following concepts is related to the understanding of literary realism?
单选题Bloomfield introduced the IC analysis, whose full name is______Analysis.(北二外2010研)
单选题For Tony Blair, home is a messy sort of place, where the prime minister's job is not to uphold eternal values but to force through some unpopular changes that may make the country work a bit better. The area where this is most obvious, and where it matters most, is the public services. Mr Blair faces a difficulty here which is partly of his own making. By focusing his last election campaign on the need to improve hospitals, schools, transport and policing, he built up expectations. Mr Blair has said many times that reforms in the way the public services work need to go alongside increases in cash. Mr Blair has made his task harder by committing a classic negotiating error. Instead of extracting concessions from the other side before promising his own, he has pledged himself to higher spending on public services without getting a commitment to change from the unions. Why, given that this pledge has been made, should the health unions give ground in return? In a speech on March 20th, Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer, said that "the something-for-nothing days are over in our public services and there can be no blank cheques." But the government already seems to have given health workers a blank cheque. Nor are other ministries conveying quite the same message as the treasury. On March 19th, John Hutton, a health minister, announced that cleaners and catering staff in new privately-funded hospitals working for the National Health service will still be government employees, entitled to the same pay and conditions as other health-service workers. Since one of the main ways in which the government hopes to reform the public sector is by using private providers, and since one of the main ways in which private providers are likely to be able to save money is by cutting labor costs, this move seems to undermine the government's strategy. Now the government faces its hardest fight. The police need reforming more than any other public service. Half of them, for instance, retire early, at a cost of ￡1 billion (＄1.4% billion) a year to the taxpayer. The police have voted 10--1 against proposals from the home secretary, David Blunkett, to reform their working practices. This is a fight the government has to win. If the police get away with it, other public-service workers will reckon they can too. And, if they all get away it, Mr Blair's domestic policy--which is what voters are most likely to judge him on a the next election--will be a failure.
单选题Voice is a grammatical category of verbs which expresses the subjective attitude of the speaker towards the state of affairs described by the utterance.
单选题"Couch potatoes" in Paragraph 1 refers to those who ______.
单选题Passage One
Before the conference began, a Japanese businessman was introduced to an American businessman at the lounge. The Japanese businessman, arms extending downwards from his shoulders, bowed from his waist toward the American businessman to whom he was just introduced. His eyes were directed ahead, his face showed no particular expression.
The American businessman stood straight. His eyes focused on the Japanese man's eyes. He smiled and put out his right hand.
Both men smiled briefly in embarrassment. The Japanese man straightened up and put out his right hand. The American withdrew his hand and bowed his head. A broader smile of embarrassment, and some noise from each man—not really words, just some sounds from their throats—indicating discomfort. They were in the course of a conflict of customs; they had different habits for greeting people they were being introduced to.
When people are planning to go to another country, they expect to encounter certain kinds of differences. They usually expect the weather and the food to be different. They expect to find differences in some of the material aspects of life, such as the availability of cars, electricity, and home heating systems. And, without knowing the details, they expect differences in customs. Customs are the behaviors that are generally expected in specific situations. American men, for example, shake hands with each other when first introduced while Japanese men bow.
单选题Woman: Oh, dear! I'm afraid I fail again in the national test. It's the third time I took it. Man: Don't be too upset. I have the same fate. Let's try a fourth time. Question: What does the man mean? A. He is sure they will succeed in the next test. B. He did no better than the woman in the test. C. He believes she will pass the test this time. D. He felt upset because of her failure.
单选题Speaker A: Chinese or Italian, what would you prefer for
dinner? Speaker B: ______, as far as I don't have to cook.
A. That sounds good
B. You said it
C. Either one
D. I like the former
单选题What has the author never understood?
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单选题He cannot see anything without his glasses, so he made a______of remembering to get them fixed before he went to work.(2002年复旦大学考博试题)
单选题Mr. Smith became very______ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.(2015年北京航空航天大学考博试题)
单选题I would appreciate ______ it a secret. A. your keeping B. that you keep C. you to keep D. that you will keep
单选题By a strange ______, both candidates have come up with the same solution to the problem.
单选题At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that we are (1) not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were able to (2) that we all have an internal "body clock" which (3) the rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the (5) . These forces became known as biorhythms: they create the (5) in our everyday life. The (6) of an internal "body clock" should not be too surprising, (7) the lives of most living things are dominated by the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. The most obvious (8) of this cycle is the (9) we feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and (10) during the day. (11) the 24-hour rhythm is interrupted, most people experience unpleasant side effects. (12) , international aeroplane travelers often experience "jet lag" when traveling across time (13) . People who are not used to (14) work can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance. (15) the daily rhythm of sleeping and waking, we also have other rhythms which (16) .longer than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on (17) days and net so good on others. Sometimes we are (18) fingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordination. There are times when we appear to be accident-prone, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isn't it also strange (19) ideas seem to flow on some days but at other times are (20) nonexistent? Musicians, painters and writers often talk about "dry spells".
单选题On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊) removed by-surgeons operating, via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4 000 miles away from their patient. In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc. that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week. The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeon' s movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time. France Telecom' s engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. " I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room," says Marescaux. The successful collaboration (合作) among medicine, advanced technology, and telecomm unications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world. Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a "third revolution" in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen (腹部) and thorax (胸腔) do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms(计算法)enhance the safety of the surgeon's movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance-currently several meters in the operating room could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.
单选题Dentists suggest brushing teeth at least twice a day to ______ them from decaying.
单选题[Focus on the type of semantic opposition] A. awake-asleep B. inside-outside C. teacher-student D. right-left
单选题What does the passage mainly discuss? A．General introduction about the application of multimedia B．Some theories in multimedia C．Home applications of multimedia D．The importance of multimedia
单选题To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?
单选题Introspection is kind of a drag. It requires unpleasant acts like "thinking" and "talking about emotions," and it can rarely be done while watching TV. But like it or not, more and more workers are taking time to reflect on what they do for a living, seeking jobs that aren"t just a means to a paycheck but the fulfilment of some form of calling. Can this supposedly enlightening feeling that your career is "a calling" be a bad thing?
Teresa Cardador, an assistant professor in the school of labor and employment relations at the University of Illinois recently co-authored a paper in the Journal of Career Assessment that reviewed research on people who find meaning and a sense of purpose in their work. "There has become this idealized notion of work," Cardador said. "A lot of books and stories in the popular press capture this idea of an idealized orientation toward work. But there"s increasing evidence that suggests that despite the perceived desirability, it"s not always beneficial." In a nutshell, what Cardador found is that people who view their work as a calling can get too wrapped up in the job, to the point where it becomes counterproductive.
Some people burn out—it"s called "the fall from the call." Sometimes the person with the calling believes he or she is the only one qualified to handle the work, and that can cause strained relationships with co-workers. Also, the intense focus on work can be depleting, leaving a worker without enough energy to maintain good relationships outside the office. However, "callings can be healthy when individuals inspire and connect with others at work," Cardador said.
Between constantly evolving technology and downsizing that requires more of individual workers, it"s critical that a worker accept the fact that her or his job tasks may not always be the same. We have to be flexible nowadays, even if certain tasks don"t fit our idealized vision of the job. The study said. "People with rigid work identities have a single way of viewing who they are and what they do at work and are unwilling or unable to bend this image to fit with the reality of their work situation. In so doing, they are less able to account for the needs and interests of others in the workplace."
Just because you feel passionate about what you do doesn"t mean you can"t do other things that contribute to the greater good of your organization. You have to step back and examine how you"re handling your work, making sure, in the simplest of terms, that you"re not unwittingly being a selfish jerk. After all, we work, predominantly, because there are no money trees to harvest. The hope is that our labor lets us build the lives we want. If that comes with a feeling of fulfillment, fantastic.
单选题The teacher's behavior and the student's response ______ what many people have said about language learning.(2004年西南财经大学考博试题)
单选题Children were expected to be {{U}}obedient{{/U}} and contribute to the well-being of the family.
单选题The target is multifaceted: the country hopes to gain military strength and be unafraid of foreign threats, while creating a high standard of living.
单选题Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to ______ global warming.
单选题Which of the following is NOT mentioned or implied by the author? ( )
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单选题A. Monday B. onion C. wonderful D. got
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单选题When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact that the average citizen is allowed to possess guns. Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry them illegally. Others, who don't have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire a gun with little difficulty. Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture. Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South, where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people "to keep and bear arms." They believe that gun con- trol laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America. Recent events in America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings. The day may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession.
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单选题It will not be long______we can have a trip to the moon
单选题Virtually everything astronomers know about objects outside the solar system is based on the detection of photons-quanta of electromagnetic radiation. Yet there is another form of radiation that permeates the universe: neutrinos. With (as its name implies) no electric charge, and negligible mass, the neutrino interacts with other particles so rarely that a neutrino can cross the entire universe, even traversing substantial aggregations of matter, without being absorbed or even deflected. Neutrinos can thus escape from regions of space where light and other kinds of electromagnetic radiation are blocked by matter. Not a single, validated observation of an extraterrestrial neutrino has so far been produced despite the construction of a string of elaborate observatories, mounted on the earth from Southern India to Utah to South Africa. However, the detection of extraterrestrial neutrinos are of great significance in the study of astronomy. Neutrinos carry with Their information about the site and circumstances of their production; therefore, the detection of cosmic neutrinos could provide new information about a wide variety of cosmic phenomena and about the history of the universe. How can scientists detect a particle that interacts so infrequently with other matter? Twenty-five years passed between Pauli's hypothesis that the neutrino existed and its actual detection; since then virtually all research with neutrinos has been with neutrinos created artificially in large particle accelerators and studied under neutrino microscopes. But a neutrino telescope, capable of detecting cosmic neutrinos, is difficult to construct. No apparatus can detect neutrinos unless it is extremely massive, because great mass is synonymous with huge numbers of nucleons (neutrons and protons), and the more massive the detector, the greater the probability of one of its nucleon's reacting with a neutrino. In addition, the apparatus must be sufficiently shielded from the interfering effects of other particles. Fortunately, a group of astrophysicists has proposed a means of detecting cosmic neutrinos by harnessing the mass of the ocean. Named DUMAND, for Deep Underwater Muon and Neutrino Detector, the project calls for placing an array of light sensors at a depth of five kilometers under the ocean surface. The detecting medium is the sea water itself: when a neutrino interacts with a particle in an atom of seawater, the result is a cascade of electrically charged particles and a flash of light that can be detected by the sensors. The five kilometers of seawater above the sensors will shield them from the interfering effects of other high-energy particles raining down through the atmosphere. The strongest motivation for the DUMAND project is that it will exploit an important source of information about the universe. The extension of astronomy from visible light to radio waves to x-rays and gamma rays never failed to lead to the discovery of unusual objects such as radio galaxies, quasars, and pulsars. Each of these discoveries came as a surprise. Neutrino astronomy will doubtlessly bring its own share of surprises.
单选题The statistical figures in that report are not ______. You should not refer to them. A. accurate B. fixed C. delicate D. rigid
单选题Which of the following is NOT correct according to the third paragraph?
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单选题The study of literary influence among women writers has frequently adopted a model of sororal or matrilineal sharing in an often explicitly stated contrast to Harold Bloom's well-established theory of the "anxiety of influence" besetting male writers. In Bloom's powerfully influential vision, that anxiety is posed as a kind of Freudian agon of sons against fathers, a struggle of self-definition through resistance and mastery. Feminist critics have generally agreed with the Bloomian model as applied to male authors but have demurred with respect to women writers, whom we have tended to see in familial terms. The model of a separate women's tradition in literature, its inner coherence maintained by resistance to male dominance, that was posited in the 1970s by Ellen Moers, Elaine Showalter, and Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar has been widely accepted. As Betsy Erkkila points out, these groundbreaking feminist critics may not have significantly challenged the Bloomian model as applied to women writers and women precursors, but they did at any rate establish their resistance to the masculine literary establishment and the masculine model of rivalry. Their successors and elaborators have argued forcefully that a women's tradition is constituted of a supportive community whose members welcome the all-too-rare voices of foremothers calling to them across the ages. Even the literary foremothers nearer at hand, according to this prevailing vision, have served as models for emulation rather than hegemonic powers to be challenged. Erkkila, for example, asks pointedly, "How useful is the Bloomian model when the poet attempts to define herself not in relation to her poetic fathers but in relation to her poetic mothers." Her answer (later modified because of greater complexity) is not very. A metaphor of motherhood and daughterhood has, in the words of Linda R. Williams's recent revisionist theory, "profoundly affected our reading of women's literary history." Citing Alice Walker's argument about nebulous forms of knowing in In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens, Luce Irigary's concept of connectedness ( "One doesn't stir without the other") and Helene Cixous's version of the authentic woman writer's writing of her mother's milk in "The Laugh of the Medusa," Williams calls for an interpretation of literary connectedness not as a revision of the Freudian and Bloomian system-which Erkkila, by retaining the familial language, has in a sense retained, but as a way "outside of an Oedipal dynamic" altogether. The revisionist views of Williams and Erkkila are useful corrections of the prevailing mode of feminist theories that "romanticize, maternalize, essentialize, and eternalize women writers and the relationships among them." Neither, however, asks if women writers may not sometimes exhibit, rather than either revise or escape, the Bloomian model of literary rivalry. It is a prospect, perhaps, that we would prefer not to entertain. But it is a prospect that, while clearly not typical, may be less atypical than feminist critics may have supposed in our times too idealizing and essentializing theories. An instance of such a female adoption (and adaptation) of the Bloomian model of male writers' anxiety is Katherine Anne Porter's anxious and artfully duplicitous essay on a literary elder sister, "Reflections on Willa Cather." Operating in the loosely narrative fashion that characterized not only Porter's nonfiction but her very mode of thought, the essay purports to pay retrospective tribute to one of the preeminent women writers of the early and mid-twentieth century, but in fact asserts Porter's own stature in the world of letters. In the story of her essay, the protagonist is not Cather, as one would expect from the title, but Porter herself. The essay is cast in a pervasive first-person mode in which the observing or commenting "I" becomes the active principle and its putative topic a passive reflector, a mirror reflecting Katherine Anne Porter.
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单选题One of the obligations a bank has to a customer ______. A. is that it can't take instructions from other people B. is that it can avoid complications and problems C. it must pay money to the customer even if he is seriously overdrawn D. it must print the customer's signature
单选题Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded and available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating, has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
单选题 The simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a
store clerk may seem innocuous—so much so that many consumers do it with no
questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent
events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold
over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from
anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt
the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If it's loaded with spam,
it's undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your
e-mail to the wrong Web site. Do you think your telephone
number or address are handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies
with names you've probably never heard of—like Acxiom or Merlin—buy and sell
your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures
are bartered. You may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if you've ever
ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers
that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various
sources—including pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable
consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to
grasp, and grapple with. In a larger sense, privacy also is
often cast as a tale of "Big Brother"—the government is watching you or a big
corporation is watching you. But privacy issues don't necessarily involve large
faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual glance at her husband's
Blackberry, a co-worker looks at e-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances
at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. While very little of
this is news to anyone—people are now well aware there are video cameras and
Internet cookies everywhere—there is abundant evidence that people live their
lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People
write e-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Just
ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose e-mails were a cornerstone of the
Justice Department's antitrust case against Microsoft. And
polls and studies have repeatedly shown that Americans are indifferent to
privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference is summed up a
single phrase: "I have nothing to hide. " If you have nothing to hide, why
shouldn't the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see
your e-mail or a company send you junk mail? It's a powerful argument, one that
privacy advocates spend considerable time discussing and strategizing
over. It is hard to deny, however, that people behave different
when they're being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are
now being watched more than at any time in history.
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单选题He told us that John, as well as his brother, ______ coming to the party. A. is B. are C. were D. was
单选题______ difficulties we may come across, we'll help one another to
overcome them
A. Wherever
B. Whatever
C. However
D. Whenever
单选题The ministry announced at a State Council Information Office press conference on August 11 that 47 medical teams, with 779 members, were in Zhouqu treating patients, sterilizing the environment and drinking water, and ensuring proper disposal of corpses.
单选题She was between two very fat women and felt extremely uneasy, ______.
单选题We've done once but failed. We'll have to do it ______ time. A. a second B. the second C. the twice D. twice
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A. league
B. tongue
C. guess
D. guest
单选题Radiation occurs from three natural sources: radioactive material in the environment such as in soil, rock, or building materials; cosmic rays; and substances in the human body, such as radioactive potassium in bones and radioactive carbon in tissues. These natural sources account for an exposure of about 100 millirems a year for the average American. The Iargcst single source of man-made radiation is medical X rays, yet most scientists agree that hazards from this source are not as great as those from weapons test fallout, since strontium 90 and carbon 14 become incorporated into the body, hence delivering radiation for an entire life- time. The issue is, however, by no means uncontroversial; the last two decades have witnessed intensified examination and dispute about the effects of low-level radiation, beginning with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, which reported in 1958: "Even the smallest amounts of radiation are liable to cause deleterious genetic and perhaps also somatic effects." A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer. Another study revealed a high incidence of childhood cancer in eases where the mother had been given prenatal pelvic X rays. These studies have pointed to the need to reexamine the assumption that exposure to low-linear energy transfer presents only a minor risk. Recently, examination of the death certificates of former employees of a West Coast plant which produces plutonium for nuclear weapons revealed markedly higher rates for cancers of the pancreas, lung, bone marrow, and lymph systems than would have been expected in a normal population. While the National Academy of Sciences Committee attributes this difference to chemical or other environmental causes rather than radiation, other scientists maintain that any radiation expo- sure, no matter how small, leads to an increase in cancer risk. It is believed by some that a dose of one rem, if sustained over many generations, would lead to an increase of 1 percent in the number of serious genetic defects at birth, a possible increase of 1,000 disorders per million births. In the meantime, regulatory efforts have been disorganized, fragmented, inconsistent, and characterized by internecine strife and bureaucratic delays. A Senate report concluded that coordination of regulation among involved departments and agencies was not possible because of jurisdictional disputes and confusion. One federal agency has been unsuccessful in its efforts to obtain sufficient funding and manpower for the enforcement of existing radiation laws, and the chairperson of a panel especially created to develop a coordinated federal program has resigned.
单选题There is no creature that does not need sleep or complete rest every day. If you want to know why, just try going without sleep for a long period of time. You will discover that your mind and body would become too tired to work properly. You would become irritable and find it hard to think clearly or concentrate on your work. So sleep is quite simply the time when the cells of your body recover from the work of the day and build up supplies of energy for the next period of activity. One of the things we all know about sleep is that we are unconscious in sleep. We do not know what is going on around us. But that doesn' t mean the body stops all activity. The important organs continue to work during sleep, but most of the body functions are slowed down. For example, our breathing becomes slower and deeper. The heart beats more slowly, and the blood pressure is lower. Our arms and legs become limp(柔软的) and muscles are at rest. It would be impossible for our body to relax to such an extent if we were awake. So sleep does for us what the most quiet rest can not do. Your body temperature becomes lower when you are asleep, which is the reason people go to sleep under some kind of covers. And even though you are unconscious, many of your reflexes(反射 动作) still work. For instance, if someone tickles(使觉得痒) your foot, you will put it away in your sleep, or even brush a fly from your forehead. You do these things without knowing it.
单选题We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style ______ in a personal one. A. rather than B. other than C. better than D. less than
单选题First of all, this difficult problem has to be tackled, thus ______ us to proceed to the others. A. to enable B. enabled C. enabling D. having enabled
单选题The shorter working week, longer holidays, earlier retirement, more sabbaticals, job sharing these and other ways of reducing the amount of time people spend on their jobs are certainly likely to spread.
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单选题Woman: I’ve just been reading through your last project report.Man: I hope you didn’t find much wrong in it.A. On the contrary B. On the other handC. Don't forget D. Don't be silly
单选题Li wants to radically
slash
the Swedish brand"s costs for some of its primary operations, such as product development and manufacturing, by
tapping
the relatively cheap labor available in China.
单选题The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.(2002年清华大学考博试题)
单选题A: Good morning, madam. I wonder if you could spare me a few minutes of your time? B: ______ A: Well, actually I represent the New British Encyclopedi
单选题The original canal was twice broadened for the larger modern boats.
单选题The United States court system is characterized by ______ hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts.(2004年武汉大学考博试题)
单选题She had a strong ______ to give a talk about her experiences, because she didn't like the limelight.
单选题When the weather is hot, you go to a lake or an ocean. When you are near a lake or an ocean, you feel cool .Why? The sun makes the earth hot, but it cannot make the water very hot. Although the air over the earth becomes hot, the air over the water stays cool. The hot air over the earth rises. Then the cool air over the water moves in and takes the place of the hot air. When you are near a lake or an ocean, you feel the cool air when it moves in. You feel the wind. And the wind makes you cool. Of course, scientists cannot answer all of your questions. If we ask, "why is the ocean full of salt?" Scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks. Rain falls into the cracks. The rain then carries the salt into the earth and then into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we ask, "what happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean does not get more salty every year." Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question. We know a lot about our world. But there are still many answers that we do not have, and we are curious.
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单选题Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on ______ for months.
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单选题Five minutes earlier, ______ we could have caught the last train. A. of B. but C. and D. so
单选题The auctioneer may decide to sell the "Lots" out of order because ______. ( )
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单选题They raised fifty ______ and a hundred ______ on their farm last year.
单选题The objective mentioned by the author to be achieved is to ______. A．raise peoples consciousness about software security B．provide practical information C．understand the importance of electronic component reliability D．both A and B
单选题She missed the train because she had been______ the traffic jam.
单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}}
Hawaii's native minority is demanding a
greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the
archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who
dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and
Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea. The islands were
annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared
worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the
state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is
five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native
group without some degree of autonomy. But a sovereignty
advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has
given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives
decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian
nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their
demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state—as enjoyed by many
American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position
supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978
to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of
the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka Lahui group, which
declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from
the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it
is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only
count those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood as native.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They
also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted.
It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state
authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back
rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the
agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously
disputed this.
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单选题The war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it, but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and, with all the responsibilities of the previous day melted, felt myself rather like the sun, ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so simple and dear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheets—I called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right—and invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs. Right did; she easily showed her feelings, but I didn't have the same control of Mrs. Left, so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement. They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day, what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas, and what steps should be taken to brighten the home. There was that little matter of the baby, for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby, and Mother said we couldn't afford one till Father came back from the war because it cost seventeen and six. That showed how foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a baby, and everyone knew they couldn't afford seventeen and six. It was probably a cheap baby, and Mother wanted something really good, but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys' baby would have done us fine. Having settled my plans for the day, I got up, put a chair under my window, and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours, and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall, red-brick house up the opposite hillside, which were all still shadow, while those on our side of the valley were all lit up, though with long storage shadows that made them seam unfamiliar, stiff and painted. After that I went into Mother's room and climbed into the big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time, though I never seem to have noticed it, I was freezing in my nightshirt, but I warmed up as I tallied until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen, making breakfast.
单选题The children glanced ______ at the box of candy they were told not to touch.
单选题His poor health______him to reign from his job.
单选题Behaviors that we do not understand often become nearly invisible—even when, in retrospect, we see how truly strange they are. When I was a psychiatric resident, we had a faculty member who was famous for his messy office: stacks of papers and old journals covered every chair and table as well as much of the floor. One day, as I walked past the open office door with one of my supervisors, he murmured mildly, "Odd duck." And that was as far as anyone seemed to reflect on this peculiar state of affairs within an institution staffed by psychiatrists. Eventually, the faculty member had to be given another office in which to see patients. Not surprisingly, the psychiatric diagnostic manual does not list "messy room" in the index. But it does mention a tantalizing symptom: inability "to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value," It comes under the diagnosis obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, an obscure cousin of the more famous obsessive compulsive disorder. I was barely aware of the diagnosis. Every era has mental disorders that for cultural or scientific reasons become popular. In Freud's day it was hysteria. Currently, depression has moved to center stage. But other ailments go relatively ignored, and this disorder was one. It came with a list of additional symptoms that appeared to be peculiar : anxiety about spending money, excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure activities, rigidity about following rules, perfectionism in doing tasks—at times to the point of interfering with finishing them. In moderation, the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaholic culture—perhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism may even be assets in rule-and detail-oriented professions like accounting or law. But when the symptoms are too intense or pervasive, they become crippling. Beneath the seemingly adaptive behaviors lies a central disability. People with this diagnosis have enormous difficulty making decisions. They lack the internal sense of completion that most of us experience at the end of a choice or a task, even one as simple as throwing something out or making a purchase. In obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, this feeling occurs only after endless deliberation and revision, if at all. The need to come up with the "correct" answer, the best purchase or the perfect proposal leads to excess rumination over each decision. It can even lead to complete paralysis. For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsend—they represent pre-made decisions. Open-ended assignments, like writing papers, are nightmares. For such a patient or for a psychiatrist, understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation. The picture leaps out from the previously disorganized background. But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist, sometimes a messy room is just a messy room.
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单选题His plane is due at 10 in Pads. Look, ______ plane is now at ______ airport. A．a/the B．the/the C．the/an D．a/an
单选题The playwright"s parliamentary career was notable for his eloquent speeches made in opposition to the British war against the American colonies, in support of the new French Republic, and in
denunciation
of the British colonial administrator Warren Hastings.
单选题How would you describe the writer's attitude toward Karaoke? A. She often goes, and likes it sometimes and sometimes not. B. She thinks it is not only fun, but stress relieving as well. C. She has not tried it herself so has no attitude about it. D. She feels it is a waste of time.
单选题According to Geoff Stewart, the high court's decision will ______.
单选题A light sleeper is usually very ______ to any sound even as inaudible as the humming of a mosquito.
单选题Man: That was such an interesting movie. I believe you enjoyed it as much as I did.
Woman: Well, I dozed off after the first ten minutes.
Question: How did the woman in the conversation feel about the movie?
单选题Global commodity prices are sluggish. Domestic demand is weak. Manufacturers do not have much initiative. They do not expand output in the short run.
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单选题Speaker A: I was hoping to get some bread from the bakery before it closes.Speaker B:______A. You'd better be quick. It will close at 7: 00.B. My watch says 6: 50, I' m afraid you' 11 be late. But don' t be frustrated.C. I don' t know when it closes.D. I' ye never been to that bakery.
单选题—He hasn't gone to the office up to now. —Well, he ______.A. shouldB. ought toC. ought to goD. ought to have
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单选题Schliemann knew, ______ he saw it, that he had found the actual place where the ruins of Troy were buried.
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单选题"Frontier", one of many English words that took on new meanings in North America, has assumed as well a role in explaining the continent's history during the past five hundred years. In time the word has acquired other connotations, both positive and negative. Among historians, the term "frontier" is most closely associated with Frederick Jackson Turner, whose essay profoundly influenced American historiography for forty years after its publication in 1893. Reacting against historians who considered American history essentially an outgrowth of British and European institutions, Turner argued that Old World customs and attitudes broke down and reformed in America's radically different physical and social environment. The opportunity of "free land" drew pioneers westward into settings that required them to modify or scrap entirely many of the institutions and values of their previous lives. The result was a "merged nationality", a distinctive culture and people. Although he emphasized the positive, Turner observed that the same conditions that had helped reshape the society had less desirable effects. For instance, as early governments they had to create political forms almost on the fly, they were less likely to innovate than to copy what they knew from the past. The tension between change and tradition was played out in gender relations. Frontier conditions often required women to take on roles usually reserved for men, but the crushing load of work made women's lives difficult and dangerous and left little room for individual fulfillment outside their labors. By Turner's death in 1932, more fundamental critiques of his ideas were being heard. Some stressed that many other factors—among them patterns of immigration, American society's middleclass nature, etc.—influenced the national character at least as much as the frontier. Others argued that class divisions and social and economic hierarchies have been much more a part of American life than the frontier-inspired equality implied in Turner's work. The effect of these various critiques has been paradoxical. No longer considered the primary formative force on continental history, the frontier has been more broadly defined and its explanatory power has grown. Recent research has explored the interactions among Europeans, Euro-Americans, and Indian peoples. Along the various frontiers there developed what the historian Richard White has called a "middle ground", cultures of overlapping customs and mutual borrowing in which all sides created new terms of understanding and exchange. Consequently, many tribes merged and consolidated to meet the threats and opportunities posed by the newcomers. A frontier in this sense was certainly not a division between "civilization and savagery", but rather a place where peoples, ideas, cultures, and institutions came together and interacted on many levels, sometimes mixing and sometimes conflicting but always in mutual influence.
单选题The table above shows the one-way driving distance, in miles, between four cities: P, Q, R, and S. For example, the distance between P and Q is 144 miles. If the round trip between S and Q is 16 miles further than the round trip between S and R, and the round trip between S and R is 24 miles less than the round trip between S and P, what is the value of X? P Q R S P 0 144 171 186 Q 144 0 162 X R 171 162 0 Y S 0 X Y 0 A. 174 B. 182 C. 186 D. 348 E. 364
单选题On May 5,2005, at ______ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Ling
Hui and WangHao won the gold medal in men's double with ______ score of 4:1.
A. a, a
B. /, the
C. a, /
D. the, a
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单选题Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, ______ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.
单选题Although many colonial scholars consider Jonathan Edwards an important writer, anymore.
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单选题Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or
incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices
marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice
that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of
your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring
Answer Sheet.
In addition to redistributing incomes,
inflation may affect the total real income and production of the community. An
increase in prices is usually associated with high employment. In moderate
inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity.
There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful. Such has
been the historical pattern. Thus many business persons and union leaders, in
evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be
the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-income groups
are usually less than gains to the rest of the community. Even worker with
relatively fixed wages are often better off because of improved employment
opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new
securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, and increases in
pension benefits may partly make losses to retirees. In
deflation, on the other hand, the growing unemployment of labor and capital
causes the community's total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers
get less than the losers lose. As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a time
of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left
with uncollectible debts. For these reasons as increase in
consumption of investment spending is considered good in times of unemployment,
even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is
suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private or public
spending on the ground that this might be inflationary. Actually, most of this
increased spending will increase production and create jobs. once, full
employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any further
increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in prices
increase.
单选题It is physically impossible for a well-educated, intellectual, or a brave man to make money the chief object of his thoughts; as physically impossible as it is for him to make his dinner the principal object of them. All healthy people like their dinner, hut their dinner is not the main object of their lives. So all healthy-minded people like making money—ought to like it and to enjoy the satisfaction of winning it; but the main object of their lives is not money; it is something better than money.
A good soldier, for instance, mainly wishes to do his fighting well. He is glad of his pay—very properly so, and just complains when you keep him ten months without it; still, his main opinion of life is to win battles, not to be paid for winning them.
So of doctors. They like fees no doubt—ought to like them; yet if they are brave and well educated, the entire object of their lives is not fees. They would rather cure their patient and lose their fees than kill him and get it. And so with all other brave and rightly trained men; their work is first, their fees second, very important always, but still second.
单选题If you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U. S. economy had become "very distorted. " In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a "significant recovery"; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and "a very significant amount of the labor force" —was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather "fundamentally two separate types of economy," increasingly distinct and divergent. This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique, drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of "two Americas" was a central theme of John Edwards's 2004 and 2008 presidential runs. ) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan. iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation's foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong. This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2005 report to investors, for instance, three analysts at Citigroup advised that "the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest". In a plutonomy there is no such animal as "the U.S. consumer" or "the UK consumer", or indeed "the Russian consumer". There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the "non-rich", the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie. Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant. But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multibillion-dollar bailout and Wall Street's swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit. And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self-interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.
单选题Playing table tennis is her ______. A. hobby B. care C. sport D. habit
单选题The second paragraph uses facts to develop the basic idea that______
单选题Ocean waves can cut imposing cliffs along coastlines.
单选题Text 3 In 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded, China had just 207 higher educational institutions, and only 117,000 students. Today it has 1032 institutes, 3,021,100 students, and 402,500 teachers. Despite such progress, reforming China's higher education is currently an issue of widespread concern. Students in China's middle schools learn how to achieve high test scores so they can attend colleges and universities. This learning continues throughout their college lives. The subject specialties at China's higher educational institutions are divided carefully, with no cross - communication among the subjects. This has caused students' knowledge to be restricted to their major subject. Even though students study hard in the classroom, achieve high test scores, and solve academic problems easily, they lack creativity and a working knowledge of other fields. Many suffer a lack of character because such humanistic topics as morality and ethics are omitted from their studies. In the hope of improving the moral awareness of its college graduates, China is reforming its higher educational system, adding more humanistic content to strengthen students' individuality, humanitarianism and creativity. If successful, future Chinese college students will not only be experts in their fields, they also will have knowledge in a broad range of topics, respect the dignity and worth of all creatures, and care about the environment. The State Education Commission has finally decided to adjust college and university subject majors with the intent of increasing students' exposure to the humanities. This will be an important reform in China's higher education. Another serious problem is that courses and textbooks at China's institutions of higher learning are out of date and do not report the latest academic and scientific achievements. In 1996, 221 reforms on college course content were approved for agriculture, the liberal arts, science and engineering, medical science, finance and law. The third problem is that the administration, management, enrollment and distribution systems at China's educational institutions are holdovers from the planned economy, and were designed to support those economic conditions. As China transforms itself from a planned to a market economy, reform of these systems is needed urgently to support the demands of employers. In the past, China's colleges and universities were managed by the State Education Commission and various Chinese ministries. This approach created a large number of single—field institutions. Since 1996, several reforms have been put in place, such as merging single—field institutions into comprehensive universities with broader subject majors, granting educational institutions more autonomy, allowing enterprises to help fund colleges and in return recruit graduates for work, transferring control to local administrations as a way to better serve local economic development. A more mature higher education system is now taking a shape as China approaches the 21st century.
单选题______in hospital, the patient kept in touch with the outside world by watching news programs on TV every day.
单选题Many workers were organized to clear away ______ remained of the World
Trade Center.
A. those
B. that
C. what
D. where
单选题The talk might ______ for weeks before any concrete result is announced.
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单选题4 The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched in terms of advantage to popula tion. It is argued that the sex ratio will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings be tween individuals of the opposite sex. This is essentially a "group selection" argu- ment. The other, and in my view correct, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. This "genetic" argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an indi vidual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. Suppose that the popula tion consisted mostly of females, then an individual who produced sons only would have more grandchildren. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would pay to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an "evolutionarily stable strategy. " Although Fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essen tial feature of a game that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing. Since Fisher's time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chro mosome or gamete in which they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining (X or Y) chromo some, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of fe males. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher's argument, it should still pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host--the larva of another insect--and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immedi ately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strate gy.
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单选题Which of the following does the story lead you to believe?
单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}}
Culture is the total sum of all the
traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings.
In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or
uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional
anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture ever another,
just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among
languages. People once thought of the languages of backward
groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grants and
groans. While it is possible that language in ganeral began as a series of
grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages
that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of
uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex,
delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall
behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical
structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in
their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their
speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All
languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by
putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other
languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities
requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from
oars, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language
distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some
languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the
speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in
the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn,
casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to
be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or
hierarchy.
单选题The greatest invention of the 20th century is ______ computer.
单选题Seriously, (though), there's always (something you wish) you (have not done), but (what is done) cannot be undone.
单选题The man lost his______just because his secretary was ten minutes late.
单选题A group of top Chinese scientists will ______.
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单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}}
For more than two decades, U.S. courts
have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas.
The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those
intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means
students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has
been a divisive issue across the U. S., as educators blame the prolonged
reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile,
activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North
Carolina. Now chief executives of about two dozen companies have
decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They,
together with 36 universities and 7 non-profitable organizations, formed a forum
that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent
court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs' motive: "Our
audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our
employees are racially and ethnically diverse" as well, says one CEO of a
company that owns nine television stations. Among the steps the
form is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment
through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at
more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority
outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge
these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges
sued for trying them. "Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in
other legitimate, legal ways," says a forum member. One of the
more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for
public universities--which educate three-quarters of all U. S.
undergraduates--to admit students Who are in the top 10% of their high school
graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in
average urban schools, even if they wouldn't have made the cut under the current
statewide ranking many universities use.
单选题Music and paintings can communicate one's______feelings and emotions when words fail to express them.
单选题Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy. He knew, because he'd done it hundreds of times himself. Giving up for ever is a trifle more difficult, apparently, and it is well known that it is much more difficult for some people than for others. Why is this so? Few doctors believe any longer that it is simply a question of will power. And for those people that continue to view addicts as merely "weak", recent genetic research may force a rethink. A study conducted by Jacqueline Vink, of the Free University of Amsterdam, used a database called the Netherlands Twin Register to analyse the smoking habits of twins. Her results suggest that an individual's degree of nicotine dependence, and even the number of cigarettes he smokes per day, are strongly genetically influenced. The Netherlands Twin Register is a voluntary database that is prized by geneticists because they allow the comparison of identical twins (who share all their genes) with fraternal twins (who share half). In this case, however, Dr. Vink did not make use of that fact. For her, the database was merely a convenient repository of information. Instead of comparing identical and fraternal twins, she concentrated on the adult fraternal twins, most of whom had completed questionnaires about their habits, including smoking, and 536 of whom had given DNA samples to the register. The human genome is huge. It consists of billions of DNA "letters", some of which can be strung together to make sense (the genes), but many of which have either no function, or an unknown function. To follow what is going on, geneticists rely on markers they have identified within the genome. These are places where the genetic letters may vary between individuals. If a particular variant is routinely associated with a particular physical feature or a behaviour pattern, it suggests that a particular version of a nearby gene is influencing that feature or behaviour. Dr. Vink hopes that finding genes responsible for nicotine dependence will make it possible to identify the causes of such dependence. That will help to classify smokers better (some are social smokers while others are physically addicted) and thus enable "quitting" programmes to be customised. Results such as Dr. Vink's must be interpreted with care. Association studies, as such projects are known, have a disturbing habit of disappearing, as it were, in a puff of smoke when someone tries to replicate them. But if Dr. Vink really has exposed a genetic link with addiction, then Mark Twain's problem may eventually become a thing of the past.
单选题In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ______.
单选题For eighty years Thomas"s family had grown corn on its hundred-acre plot. In his grandfather"s day, even in his father"s, wheat and timothy were also sown to help feed cattle and pigs. While there had been no animals on the land in Thomas"s time, Thomas"s father spoke at length about those days, when he himself had been a child. Back then, Thomas"s father had dedicated every one of his free hours to taking care of the farm; grinding chop, cleaning up after the animals, mending fences, and performing innumerable other taxing chores. Later, it was just corn, sold to some big company out East that his father said paid them a little less every year. It wasn"t about the money though; his father would have made do just enough to keep things going. His concern was family and tradition, the agricultural way of life. During harvest, Thomas would ride on the enormous thresher with his father. In the cabin, above the green sea parting before them, he would listen as his father explained the significance of a life dedicated to agriculture. As Thomas nibbbled on a lunch packed by his mother, his father expounded upon his philosophy that a man must not be separated from the land that provides for him, that the land was very important. He would say, time and again, "A man isn"t a man without land to call his own. " He was not an uneducated man, Thomas"s father. He had completed high school and probably could have gone to college if he wanted, but he was a man of the earth, and his spirit was tied to the soil. Agriculture was not his profession; it was his passion, one that he tried to seed in the hearts of his three boys. Thomas"s two older brothers had little time for farmwork, however. What chores they were not forced to do went undone or were done by Thomas; their energies were focused on cars, dating, and dance halls. Even at a young age, Thomas was able to see in his father"s eyes the older man"s secret despair. The land that had been in his family for three generations was not valued by the fourth. Not even little Tommy, who always rode in the cabin with him and helped out as much as he was able, would stay and tend the fields. The world had grown too large, and there were too many distractions to lure young men from their homes. Boys these days did not realize they had a home until it was too late. Sitting on the hood of his jeep, Thomas gazed out over dozens of acres of orange survey stakes that covered what was once his family"s farm. The house, barn, and silos were all gone, replaced by construction trailers and heavy equipment. The town that lay just five miles up the road had grown into a city, consuming land like a hungry beast. Thomas"s father had been the last farmer left in the county, holding out long after the farm became unprofitable. He farmed after his sons left and his wife died; he farmed until his last breath, on principle. Now a highway and several shopping malls were going to take his place, Thomas thought. His brothers both said it was inevitable, that progress cannot be halted. They argued that if the family did not sell the land, the city would claim eminent domain and take it from them for a fraction of what they could get by selling it. Thomas did not feel he had any right to disagree. After all, he had chosen to leave the farm as well, to pursue his education. Though he didn"t stand in their way, and though his profit from the lucrative sale was equal to his brothers", Thomas was sure he felt something that they could not. The money didn"t matter much to him; he had enough to get by. It was something about the land. Now that he had finally found his way back to it, he was losing it. He was losing his home.
单选题This question is ______ easy. A) extremely B) completely C) totally D) highly
单选题Myfriendsurgedmenot __________ theopportunityforitmightnevercomeagain
单选题As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the fight weight, but does not ear very nutritious goods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally. This person is not ill. She/He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body"s special needs. Both types have simply been called "well". In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "wellness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body"s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap may be "well" in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.
"Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
单选题Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is ______ in commercials.(2006年中南大学考博试题)
单选题Heat is always being transferred in one way or another, ______ there is any difference in temperature.
单选题According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Wales is the richest of the three. B. Scotland is the largest of the three. C. Sometimes English is used instead of Britain. D. Britain is the only name of the largest island of British Isles.
单选题Television is one of today's most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long-term basis; it brings worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring higher education; and it performs these tasks in a convenient yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting. Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration (such as the Voyager Ⅰ and Ⅱ missions), in providing visions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metropolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather-protective enclosure near the top of a tower) , etc. The earth's weather satellites also use television cameras for viewing cloud cover and movements from 20, 000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide-area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited applications for today's television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass-entertainment field. Conventional television broadcasting within the United States centres around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by commercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue-producing business manner. Television in USSR-subjected areas, conversely, is a government-owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic "Bewitched", however, have been seen on these government-controlled networks. All isn't as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize). A highly modified form of television called Slow-Scan TV is presently being used by many Amateur Radio operators to provide direct visual communications with almost any area of the world. This unique visual mode recently allowed people on the tiny South Pacific country of Pitcairn Island to view, for the first time in their lives, distant areas and people of the world. The chief radio Amateur and communications officer of Pitcairn, incidentally, is the legendary Tom Christian-great, great grandson of Tom Christian of "Mutiny on the Bounty" fame. Radio Amateurs in many lands worked together for several months establishing visual capabilities. The results have proven spectacular, yet the visual capabilities have only been used for health education, or welfare purposes. Commercial TV is still unknown to natives of that tiny country. Numerous other forms of television and visual communication have also been used on a semi-restricted basis. This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis. The old clich of a picture being worth a thousand words truly has merit.
单选题The supply of electric power to the city and its neighboring districts has had to be______.
单选题The article is most likely a part of______
单选题Wolfgang was quiet when his sister practised the piano because ______.
单选题The author says that the sheep he saw were similar to ______.
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单选题The term " quality of life" is difficult to define. It【C1】______a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on.【C2】______speaking, the quality of life, especially【C3】______seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree【C4】______which these various areas of life are available or provide【C5】______for the individual. As activity carried【C6】______as one thinks fit during one's spare time, leisure has the following【C7】______: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life style.【C8】______, people who need to【C9】______much energy in their work will find relaxation most【C10】______in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may【C11】______more to seek recreation and personal development(e. g.【C12】______of skills and hobbies)in leisure. The specific use of leisure【C13】______from individual to individual. .【C14】______the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a【C15】______leisure activity, a change of experience to provide【C16】______from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one's environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by【C17】______other people's life experiences as【C18】______in the programs. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take【C19】______his interests and preferences and get【C20】______in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
单选题With the purchasing power of many middle-class households _________ behind the cost of living, there was an urgent demand for credit.
单选题The ShotSpotter has helped police ______.
单选题The Quechua world is submerged, so to speak, in a cosmic magma that weighs heavily upon it. It possesses the rare quality of being as it were interjected into the midst of antagonistic forces, which in turn implies a whole body of social and aesthetic structures whose innermost meaning must be the administration of energy. This gives rise to the social organism known as the ayllu, the agrarian community that regulates the procurement of food. The ayllu formed the basic structure of the whole Inca empire. The central idea of this organization was a kind of closed economy, just the opposite of our economic practices, which can be described as open. The closed economy rested on the fact that the Inca controlled both the production and consumption of food. When one adds to this fact the religious ideas noted in the Quechua texts cited by the chronicler Santa Cruz Pachacuti, one comes to the conclusion that in the Andean zone the margin of life was minimal and was made possible only by the system of magic the Quechua constructed through his religion. Adversities, moreover, were numerous, for the harvest might fail at any time and bring starvation to millions. Hence the whole purpose of the Quechua administrative and ideological system was to carry on the arduous task of achieving abundance and staving off shortages. This kind of a structure presupposes a state of unremitting anxiety, which could not be resolved by action. The Quechua could not do so because his primordial response to problems was the use of magic, that is, recourse to the unconscious for the solution of external problems. Thus the struggle against the world was a struggle against the dark depths of the Quechua's own psyche, where the solution was found. By overcoming the unconscious, the outer world was also vanquished. These considerations permit us to classify Quechua culture as absolutely static or, more accurately, as the expression of a mere state of being. Only in this way can we understand the refuge it took in the germinative center of the cosmic mandala as revealed by Quechua art. The Quechua empire was nothing more than a mandala, for it was divided into four zones, with Cuzco in the center. Here the Quechua ensconced himself to contemplate the decline of the world as though it were caused by an alien and autonomous force.
单选题More than 40 million Americans between the ages of 5 and 18 attend schools throughout the United States. About 2 million school-age children are taught at home. While home schooling offers an alternative to the school environment, it has become a controversial issue. Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face of public education and a damaging move for the children. Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, the hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Some public schools have moved closer to tolerance, and，even in some cases, are seeking cooperation with home schoolers. " We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers. Let's give the kids access to public school so they'll see it's not as terrible as they've been told, and they'll want to come back, " says John Marshall, an education official. Perhaps, but don't count on it, say home-school advocates. Some home schoolers oppose that public school system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education—whether fueled by religious belief or the individual child's interests and natural pace—is best. Other home schoolers contend " not so much that the schools teach heresy, but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately." "These parents are highly independent and strive to 'take responsibility' for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient. " says Van Gallon. But Howard Carol, spokesman for America's largest teachers union, argues that home schooling parents are trying to hide their children from the real world, says Van Gallon. " Maybe we are going to run into people with problems, people that have a drug problem, people that have an alcohol problem, and teenage pregnancy. We have many problems that happen in our society and many of the children are victims. But shielding the children from the real mix of what happens every day is denying them something that they are going to need later in life. " Mr. Carol also questioned the competence of parents as teachers though he admitted that some home schoolers do better academically. " We want to make sure that a student is not denied the full range of curriculum experiences and appropriate materials, especially now with the new technology that is being introduced and the costs involved there. " " The success of home schooling has been documented in standardized test scores administered by public school officials, " says Frank Bernet, the executive director of the National Association of College Admission Councilors. " I know why they are doing it, but I wonder why they can't work with school officials and teachers to make the school what they want it to be. " The response from home schoolers: " We have tried that. NOW it's time to strike out on our own. /
单选题______ commutation via the telegraph began in the 1840s, just before the Civil War, and via the telephone just afterward (1870s). A. Instantaneous B. Spontaneous C. Simultaneous D. Instinctive
单选题Tom was accused of ______ against black persons, that is to say, he looks down upon them. A. discriminating B. distinguishing C. distressing D. disguising
单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad______when she was ill and had no money.(2004年清华大学考博试题)
单选题The German general staff made another dangerous concession to what they considered a military necessity. The plan would be______not when countries formally declared war but simply when they ordered mobilization.
单选题
单选题The line is ______ than that one.
单选题Those who let uncertainty ______ rarely achieve much. A. turn them down B. send them down C. weigh them down D. take them down
单选题It is a hard job for a primary school student to write ______ composition.
单选题The passage suggests that most important cities in ancient Greece had an acropolis to ______.
单选题Even ______ exhausted, the young actor continued to perform energetically.
单选题He seems______to understand the simplest instruction.
单选题It is not long since conditions in the mines were worse than they are now. There are still 61 a few very old women who in their youth have worked 62 , with harness round their waists, and a chain 63 passed between their legs, crawling on all 64 and dragging tugs of coal. They used to go on 65 this even when they were pregnant. And 66 now, if coal could not be produced without pregnant women dragging it 67 and fro, I fancy we should let them do it 68 than deprive ourselves of coal. But most of the time, of course, we should 69 to forget that they were doing it. It is the 70 with all types of manual work; it keeps us alive, and we are oblivious of its existence. More than anything 71 perhaps, the miner can stand as the type of manual worker, not only because it is so vitally necessary and 72 so 73 that we are capable 74 forgetting it as we forget the blood in our veins. In 75 way it is even humiliating to watch coal-miners working. It raises in you a momentary doubt 76 your own status as an "intellectual" and a superior person generally. For it is brought 77 to you, at least while you are watching, that it is only 78 miners sweat their guts out 79 superior persons can 80 superior.
单选题His vocabulary, A
in particular
, both that which he uses actively B
and that which
he recognizes, C
increasing
in size D
as he grows older
as a result of education and experience.
单选题According to the author, the truly effective measures are
单选题Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read sortie of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards (内在部分) are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind. In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won't stand much blowing up, and it won't stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming mysterious and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit. One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad people—clowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyone's life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boot (or as Josh Billings wittily called them, "tire boots"). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite a fiction not quite a fact either. Beneath the sparking surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe. Practically everyone is a manic depressive of sorts, with his up moments and his down moments, and you certainly don't have to be a humorist to taste the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the point where his emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite realm, it is because humor, like poetry, has an extra content. It plays close to the big hot fire, which is Truth, and sometimes the reader feels the heat.