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文学
单选题This ambitious project, scores of organizations around the uorul will take at least ten years to be oucomplished.
单选题According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ______.
单选题What could be said about the adrenalin? ( )
单选题Speaker A: _______________.
Speaker B: I’d like to get this film developed.
单选题Traffic in India means a mixture of all kinds of vehicles on the road. About 700,000 new cars have been sold in India in the last twelve months, and about twice that
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used cars have been traded.
The country"s 35 million motorcycles and scooters make it the world"s largest two-wheel market. But because there are still big differences
2
people"s incomes, the roads are full of a whole variety of
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, lots of them not motorized.
A ride
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a taxi driver in New Delhi gives a flavour of a typical Indian-style traffic with all kinds of vehicle held up in city streets or in long lines
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narrow country lanes. Cars, lorries and buses back up behind a cart
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by one animal or another. "India has everything on the roads," the taxi driver says. "You have to
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for pedestrians, bicycles, carts, cows, donkeys and even elephants. Three things
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to drive here, a horn, brakes and good luck." Just then we were stopped
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a young boy and his cow.
Given the hazards, it"s not surprising
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special ceremonies are held for new ear owners in which the steering wheel and the driver are both blessed.
单选题The people who answer the phone get an endless stream of calls from people who are extremely upset that their electricity got turned off just because they failed to pay their bill for 297 months, or people asking questions like "Is it OK to operate an electric appliance while taking a bath?" So let's say that you have a genuine problem with your electric bill. The people in "Customer Service" have no way of knowing that you're an intelligent, rational person. They're going to lump you in with the usual not-so-bright public. As far as they're concerned, the relevant facts, in any dispute between you and them, are these: 1. They have a bunch of electricity. 2. You need it. 3. So shut up. This is why, more and more, the people in "Customer Service" won't even talk to you. They prefer to let you talk to the convenient Automatic Phone Answering System until such a time as you die of old age "... If your FIRST name has more than eight letters, and your LAST name begins with 'H' through 'L' press 251 NOW. If your first name has LESS than eight letters, and your last name contains at least two 'E' s, press 252 NOW. If your..." So is there any way that you, the lowly consumer, can gain the serious attention of a large and powerful business? I am pleased to report that there IS a way, which I found out about thanks to an alert reader who sent me a news report from Russia. According to this report, a Russian electric company got into a dispute with a customer and cut off the customer's electricity. This customer, however, happened to be a unit of the Russian Army. So the commander ordered a tank to drive over to the electric company's office and aim its gun at the windows. The electricity was turned right back on. On behalf of consumers everywhere, I want to kiss this military commander on the lips. I mean, what a GREAT concept. Imagine, as a consumer, how much more seriously your complaint would he taken if you were complaining from inside a vehicle capable of reducing the entire "Customer Service" department to tiny smoking pieces. What I am saying is: Forget the Automated Phone Answering System. Get a tank. Perhaps you are thinking: "But a tank costs several million dollars, not including floor mats. I don't have that kind of money." Don't be silly. You're a consumer, right? You have credit cards, right? Perhaps you are thinking: "Yes, but how am I going to pay the credit-card company?" Don't be silly. You have a tank, right?
单选题We may believe that such words as thought and thinking______
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单选题She has______ideas about becoming a famous actress.
单选题A. Wednesday B. recent C. sudden D. absent
单选题What is advertised in B?
单选题Althoughtheyhavegunsandgrenades,theyarenotsoldiersbutagangof_____.
单选题There seemed little hope that the explorer, ______ in the tropical forest, would find his way out. A. having been deserted B. having deserted C. to have been deserted D. to be deserted
单选题______, he shouldn't have gone to the cinema last night.
单选题"My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas." Many American school children are taught this sentence to help them remember the order of the planets of the solar system. Soon though, this may change because, on July 29th, a team of astronomers announced the discovery of a very distant celestial body larger than Pluto. The researchers claim that the new body—which they are informally calling Xena—should be classified as a planet.
The new body—temporarily named 2003UB313—orbits the Sun once every 560 years. It is currently over 14 billion kilometres away, about three times farther out than Pluto, making it the most distant object ever discovered in the solar system. The researchers think it is part of the Kuiper belt, a ring of rocky objects that extends beyond Neptune.
Mike Brown of the California Institute of Technology, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory and David Rabino witz of Yale University discovered the object in data recorded at the Palomar Observatory in San Diego in October 2003, but its motion did not become apparent until they reanalysed the data in January 2005.
The question of whether or not the new body should be considered a planet has rekindled the debate over what exactly counts as a planet. A handful of objects of similar size to, but smaller than, Pluto have been discovered in the Kuiper belt over the past few years. These have not been considered planets, mainly because they were smaller than Pluto. But 2003UB313 is larger than Pluto. If Pluto is a planet, shouldn"t it be as well?
The case is not so clear cut. Many astronomers argue that Pluto should not be considered a planet. It is more like a large asteroid, they hold. Meanwhile, Dr. Brown asserts that as Pluto has historically been considered a planet, anything larger should also be considered one.
Ultimately, the International Astronomical Union, a group of professional astronomers, will end this existential anxiety. Dr. Brown expects the process to take months, and the team is not allowed to reveal its suggested name until then. Since most Greek and Roman names have already been used, he and his colleagues have previously drawn upon Native American and Inuit mythology for names. He will only hint that the new name comes from a different tradition altogether.
Time will tell whether mother wilt be serving "nine polished xylophones", "nine pizzas" or just "noodles".
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单选题Even though we had been to her house several times before, we still did not remember ______. A. what street was it on B. what was it the street C. what street it was on D. what street it was
单选题Sea levels are ______ to rise between 7 and 23 inches by the end of
21st century.
A. expected
B. inspected
C. detected
D. suspected
单选题The ultimate aim of this art school is to fully bring out the artistic______in the children.
单选题The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is a terrorist______ A. who is pure and simple B. being pure and simple C. pure and simple D. as pure and simple
单选题The Managing Director said that improving relations with the association would not be easy, but that they ______ to try. A. would have decided B. decide C. have decided D. had decided
单选题From this passage we can infer that Shakespeare A. was a horse thief B. had no education C. Is surrounded by myths D. was popular in Stratford
单选题Remember to ask for a______ of quality for the consumer goods; otherwise they will not of- fer any maintenance. A. certificate B. mark C. warranty D. receipt
单选题Scientists used to explore【31】the surface of the ocean. Now they【32】below the surface, too. They want to know about the ocean water and the【33】and animal life【34】in the ocean. In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3 , 000 feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball. In 1935 Auguste Piccard dived 10, 330 feet. In 1960 his son Jean dived to a【35】of 35, 800 feet. All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to【36】the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below the surface.【37】, they succeeded. Cousteau, a Frenchman, was able to【38】down to a depth of【36】feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week. Now scientists are developing even【39】equipment. With this new equipment, men can stay【40】the surface for days or【41】weeks. In 1962 Consteau【42】a research station 35 feet below the surface. Then in 1964 he set up another station on the ocean floor of the Red Sea. This was the first undersea station to operate【43】help from the surface. Many countries are now studying undersea【44】. The Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea. The United States has a laboratory 50 feet【45】on the ocean floor【46】the Virgin Islands. In 1970 five men lived there for two weeks. Then a【47】of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory.【48】came other teams of men. All were there to explore the ocean depths and【49】plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough【50】, vegetable, and animal wealth there to provide food for the whole world.
单选题This book will show the readers ______ can be used in other contexts. A. how that they have observed B. how what they have observed C. that how they have observed D. that they have observed
单选题The house is well decorated______the disarrangement of a few photos.
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单选题John was the first person I saw______hospital.
单选题Mr. Scott asked for an assistant because his work load was too ______. A. preoccupied B. onerous C. trifling D. omnipresent
单选题But the depth of a novel and the value of its artistic and ideological feature do not depend on the theme-either______or significant
单选题Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits. One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Guthrie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' etters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills. The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes. Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun. The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students. In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.
单选题The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another critical decision to be made.
单选题William Dean Howells explores the life of______Americans.
单选题The girl ______ when she couldn't answer the question in the presence of all her classmates.(2004年上海理工大学考博试题)
单选题I don't understand what you're getting so______. about. It's really not a problem. A. worked out B. worked up C. worked over D. worked against
单选题Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development. A. cursed B. echoed C. bounced D. hailed
单选题Many drama critics (considered) Richard Burton's interpretation of Hamlet superior (than) Sir Lawrence Olivier's version (produced) several years (earlier).
单选题The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former ______. A. is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital B. has to arrange the work shifts of the unit's nurses C. can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient D. has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses
单选题______ it is to listen to music!
单选题Artificial intelligence deals partly with the______between the computer and the human brain. A. profile B. mighty C. analogy D. leakage
单选题______, the market will have to overcome some of the highest hurdles. It's seen in a long time.
单选题—Why didnt you come to join her party? —Sorry, I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor. A) would do B) should C) would have D) was going to have
单选题The human ear contains the organ for hearing and the organ for balance. Both organs involve fluid-filled channels containing hair cells that produce electrochemical impulses when the hairs are stimulated by moving fluid. The ear can be divided into three regions: outer, middle, and inner. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them to the eardrum separating the outer ear from the middle ear. The middle ear conducts sound vibrations through three small bones to the inner ear. The inner ear is a network of channels containing fluid that moves in response to sound or movement. To perform the function of hearing, the ear converts the energy of pressure waves moving through the air into nerve impulses that me brain perceives as sound. Vibrating objects, such as the vocal cords of a speaking person, create waves in me surrounding air. These waves cause the eardrum to vibrate with the same frequency. The three bones of the middle ear amplify and transmit the vibrations to the oval window, a membrane on the surface of the cochlea, the organ of hearing. Vibrations of me oval window produce pressure waves in the fluid inside me cochlea. Hair cells in the cochlea convert the energy of the vibrating fluid into impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. The organ for balance is also located in the inner ear. Sensations related to body position are generated much like sensations of sound. Hair cells in the inner ear respond to changes in head position with respect to gravity and movement. Gravity is always pulling down on the hairs, sending a constant series of impulses to the brain. When the position of the head changes—as when the head bends forward—the force on the hair cells changes its output of nerve impulses. The brain then interprets these changes to determine the head's new position.
单选题Nearly all trees have seeds that fall to the earth, take root, and eventually __________.
单选题The crotch rivet would not have been removed, ______.
单选题There is no end to the magic within this circle of the world we live in. The greatest magicians today are
1
the physicists and chemists, the mathematicians and astronomers: the wise men seeking the answers
2
the riddles of earth and universe. But
3
of them can tell us how to walk
4
a floor, "by the law of gravitation"
5
the readiest answer
6
that.
Gravitation is
7
the most familiar thing in all the world, and we were all brought
8
on the story of Newton and his apple and the law of gravitation.
9
physicists have begun to say that gravitation may be
10
an illusion. If it is an illusion,
11
it is pure magic that
12
our feet on the ground and our furniture
13
floating off into space. And who cares,
14
the magic works and the illusion is
15
? It is all a matter of vocabulary
16
, for no two scholars have ever agreed
17
a definition of magic; but there is no denying
18
every time man has finally understood and explained a
19
he has ceased to call it magic and called it
20
instead.
单选题According to the author, NPR's opposition to low power radio is surprising because NPR______.
单选题During the period of economic recession, daily necessities were in short supply and had to be ______.
单选题National poverty was ______ by rapid population growth.
单选题Many of novelist Carson McCullers' characters are
isolated
, disappointed people.
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单选题The phrase “soak up” in the last Para. probably means____.
单选题if only the committee ______ the proposal and put them into effect as soon as possible. A) accept B) have accepted C) accepted D) should accepted
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单选题Though ______ in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life. A) grown B) raised C) tended D) cultivated
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单选题One day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to New York and the girl in the ticket office said, "I'm sorry, I can't sell you a ticket. Our computer is down." "If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket." "I can't write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so." I looked down on the computer and every passenger was just standing there staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, "What do all you people do?' "We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not." "So when it goes down, you go down with it." "That's good, sir. ' "How long will the computer be down?" I wanted to know. "I have no idea. There's no way we can find out without asking the computer." After the girl told me they had no backup (备用) computer, I said. "Let's forget the computer. What about your planes? They're still flying, aren't they?" "I wouldn't know," she said, pointing at the dark screen. "Only 'IT'knows. 'It'can't tell me. By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.
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单选题Proper ______ can ease people"s relationship and make their conversation more pleasant.
单选题It can be inferred from the text that the author feels that
单选题Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in common; they differ infinitely, but still they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will with death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of creation of life--as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of life, each risks it--and in the risk commits himself. As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life. In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is-- again literally--to triumph over death. It is a surgeon's triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body. In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.
单选题Elections often tell you more about what people are against than what they are for. So it is with the European ones that took place last week in all 25 European Union member countries. These elections, widely trumpeted as the world's biggest-ever multinational democratic vote, were fought for the most part as 25 separate national contests, which makes it tricky to pick out many common themes. But the strongest are undoubtedly negative. Europe's voters are angry and disillusioned-and they have demonstrated their anger and disillusion in three main ways. The most obvious was by abstaining. The average overall turnout was just over 45%, by some margin the lowest ever recorded for elections to the European Parliament. And that average disguises some big variations: Italy, for example, notched up over 70%, but Sweden managed only 37%. Most depressing of all, at least to believers in the European project, was the extremely low vote in many of the new member countries from central Europe, which accounted for the whole of the fall in turnout since 1999. In the biggest, Poland, only just over a fifth of the electorate turned out to vote. Only a year ago, central Europeans voted in large numbers to join the EU, which they did on May 1st. That they abstained in such large numbers in the European elections points to early disillusion with the European Union-as well as to a widespread feeling, shared in the old member countries as well, that the European Parliament does not matter. Disillusion with Europe was also a big factor in the second way in which voters protested, which was by supporting a ragbag of populist, nationalist and explicitly anti-EU parties. These ranged from the 16% who backed the UK Independence Party, whose declared policy is to withdraw from the EU and whose leaders see their mission as "wrecking" the European Parliament, to the 14% who voted for Sweden's Junelist, and the 27% of Poles who backed one of two anti-EU parties, the League of Catholic Families and Selfdefence. These results have returned many more Eurosceptics and trouble-makers to the parliament: on some measures, over a quarter of the new MEPS will belong to the "awkward squad". That is not a bad thing, however, for it will make the 'parliament more representative of European public opinion. But it is the third target of European voters' ire that is perhaps the most immediately significant, the fact that, in many EU countries, old and new, they chose to vote heavily against their own governments. This anti-incumbent vote was strong almost everywhere, but it was most pronounced in Britain, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Sweden. The leaders of all the four biggest European Union countries, Tony Blair in Britain, Jacques Chirac in France, Gerhard Schroder in Germany and Silvio Berlusconi in Italy, were each given a bloody nose by their voters. The big question now is how Europe's leaders should respond to this. By a sublime (or terrible) coincidence, soon after the elections, and just as The Economist was going to press, they were gathering in Brussels for a crucial summit, at which they are due to agree a new constitutional treaty for the EU and to select a new president for the European Commissi6n. Going into the meeting, most EU heads of government seemed determined to press ahead with this agenda regardless of the European elections--even though the atmosphere after the results may make it harder for them to strike deals.
单选题After swimming in the sea, they came out of water and lay on the ______ for a rest.A. bankB. coastC. seasideD. beach
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单选题Our boss was seen ______ a new car.
单选题Contrary to its rather negative reputation in the West, pigs in Chinese culture are a sign of kindness and generosity. Pigs care a great deal about friends and family and work hard to keep everyone in their life happy. Chinese people view the pig as a smart and prosperous animal. Western ideas tend to be a little more negative. When talking to a Westerner, however, you have to be a little careful when you talk about pigs. A pig in the West is seen as a dirty, lazy, and fat animal. If anyone ever called you a pig, you wouldn't be smiling. When a person doesn't like someone, sometimes he will call that person a pig. If you ever meet a Westerner who was born in the year of the pig, don't say, "Oh, you're a pig!" Most Westerners will be quite understanding. They will be sure that you made some kind of a mistake. However, don't take any chances. You might just offend someone who does not share your positive ideas about pigs.
单选题__________ you find yourself in a condition of being troubled or worried about some trifles, please cultivate a hobby.
单选题He always studies the______in the paper as he wants to find a good second- hand car.
单选题He had no sooner finished his speech______he withdrew.
单选题There once lived a poor tailor who had a son called Aladdin, a careless, idle boy
1
would do nothing but play all day long in the streets with little idle boys like himself. This so grieved the father that
2
died; yet, in spite of his mother"s tears and prayers, Aladdin did not
3
his ways. One day, when he was playing in the streets as usual, a stranger
4
him if he was not the son of Mustapha the tailor. "I am, sir," replied Aladdin, "but he died a
5
while ago." On this the stranger, who was a
6
magician, fell on his neck and kissed him saying: "I am your uncle, and
7
you from your likeness to my brother. Go to your mother and tell her I am coming." Aladdin ran home and told his mother of his newly
8
uncle. "Indeed, child," she said, "your father had a
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, but I always thought he was dead." However, she prepared supper, and told Aladdin to seek his
10
, who came laden with wine and fruit. He fell down and kissed the place where Mustapha used to sit, telling Aladdin"s mother not to be
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at not having seen him before, as he had been out of the country for forty years. He then
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to Aladdin, and asked him his trade, at which the boy hung his head, while his mother burst into tears. On learning that Aladdin was idle and had learned
13
trade, he offered to get a shop for him and stock it with merchandise. The next
14
he bought Aladdin a fine suit of clothes and took him all over the city, showing him the sights, and brought him home at nightfall
15
his mother, who was overjoyed to see her son dressed so fine.
单选题A. commandB. answerC. practicalD. father
单选题Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and winch is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers leaning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (71) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (72) situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (73) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (74) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. (75) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (76) of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (77) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (78) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (79) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (80) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (81) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (82) among local standards is really quite minor, (83) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties have very (84) difference from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (85) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (86) on all local varieties, to the extent that many long-established dialects of England have (87) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (88) . This latter situation is not unique (89) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (90) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones.
单选题If you______that movie late last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.
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单选题She was so ______ in her work that she didn"t notice me when I came in the room.
单选题What he said sounds ______.
单选题Woman: I don't imagine you have any interest in attending that lecture on drawing, do you?Man: Oh, yes, I do. Now that you reminded me of it.Question: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
单选题Times have changed and the ideas of the young and the old about the same thing are often ill contra diction. For example, parents and teenagers often disagree about the amount of freedom and responsibility that young people (21) to have. The teenager is more independent and often wants to be (22) to choose his own friends, select his own courses in school, plan for his own vocational (23) , and earn and spend his own money, and generally (24) his own life in a more independent (25) than many parents are able to (26) . Most problems (27) teenagers and their parents yield to (导致) (28) planning and decision making. Within ally particular family, (29) are avoided and problems are solved when all of the persons take (30) in the situation, and (31) in working it out. (32) parents and young people learn how to get (33) well with each other and develop skills in understanding and (34) understood, even (35) most difficult problems are relieved and a situation might appear that teenagers and their parents can some times see eye to eye.
单选题Moby-Dick is the name of______
单选题Little is known of his childhood______at a factory at the early age of ten.
单选题TV, if proper used, can ______ a child"s imagination.
单选题Whenever we are in trouble, we can ______ him for help.
单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four passages. Answer
the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
America's economic recovery remains
uncomfortably weak. The latest data show industrial production falling while the
trade deficit soars to record levels. To round off a dismal week for economic
statistics, the Fed (美联储) announced that industrial production fell by 0.2% in
December compared with the previous month. That came as a disappointment to
economists who had been expecting a small rise. Monthly data are always
unreliable, of course; there is always a plausible explanation for unexpectedly
bad (or good) news. But nearly all recent economic statistics point to the same
conclusion--that America's recovery remains sluggish and erratic. It could put
pressure on the Fed to consider cutting interest rates again when its
policymaking committee meets at the end of the month. The
biggest obstacle to healthier economic performance, though, is political. As the
Fed's chairman, Alan Greenspan, acknowledged in the closing months of 2002,
uncertainty about the future is holding both investors and consumers back. The
shadowy threat of international terrorism and the much more explicit prospect of
a war with Iraq have made many Americans nervous about the future. For
businesses still reeling from the speed at which the late-1990s boom turned to
slump, the political climate is one more reason to put off investing in new
plant and equipment or hiring new staff. For consumers, for so long the mainstay
of the American economy, the thrill of the shopping mall seems, finally, to be
on the wane. It is hard to put a favorable interpretation on
most of the data. But it is important to keep a sense of perspective. Some
recent figures look disappointing partly because they fall short of
over-optimistic forecasts -- a persistent weakness of those paid to predict the
economic future, no matter how often they are proved wrong. The Fed will be
watching carefully for further signs of weakness during the rest of the month.
Mr. Greenspan is an avid, even obsessive, consumer of economic data. He has made
it clear that the Fed stands ready to reduce interest rates again if it judges
it necessary--even after 12 cuts in the past two years. At its last meeting,
though, when it kept rates on hold, the Fed signaled that it did not expect to
need to reduce rates any further. Monetary policy still offers
the best short-term policy response to weak economic activity, and with
inflation low the Fed still has scope for further relaxation. President Bush's
much-vaunted fiscal stimulus is unlikely to provide appropriate help, and
certainly not in a timely way.
单选题It can be inferred that the author of the passage expects that the experience of the student mentioned as having studied Wife in the Right would have one of the following effects. That is ______.
单选题I would like your authorization to trim the part of the tree that hangs into my yard.
单选题We have learnt a lot from the ______.
单选题The author indicates explicitly that which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation?
单选题I feel ______ necessary ______ for her foreign languages because the
job she will do connects with foreign business.
A. it; learn
B. it; to learn
C. that; learns
D. that; learn
单选题Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon. com received one for its" one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box. Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U. S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known ,is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It" has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents. " Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for" inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are" reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.
单选题Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviors is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Bronson and Franks de Wail of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviors of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Bronson’s and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber ( without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, tike humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
单选题When children seriously disagree with their parents, experts suggest that parents should ______.
单选题 There seems never to have been a civilization without toys,
but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to
five children something to do. In the ancient world, as is
today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In
societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play
after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their
mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play,
to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed
over the centuries but how much they have remained the same, The changes have
,been mostly in terms of craftsman-ship, mechanics, and technology. It is the
universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world
and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas,
China., Japan and. among the Arctic (北极的) peoples; generally: the same kinds of
toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because
toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little
weapons, toy soldiers , tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys
can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to
technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress
from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步).
The progress from a rattle (波浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an
infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the
product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of
available materials.
单选题If you are anything like me, you left the theater after Sex and the City 2 and thought, there ought to be a law against a looks-based culture in which the only way for 40-year-old actresses to be compensated like 40-year-old actors is to have them look and dress like the teenage daughters of 40-year-old actors. Meet Deborah Rhode, a Stanford law professor who proposes a legal regime in which discrimination on the basis of looks is as serious as discrimination based on gender or race. In a provocative new book, The Beauty Bias, Rhode lays out the case for an America in which appearance discrimination is no longer allowed．That means Hooters can't fire its servers for being too heavy, as allegedly happened last month to a waitress in Michigan who says she received nothing but excellent reviews but weighed 132 pounds. Rhode is at her most persuasive when arguing that in America, discrimination against unattractive women and short men is as pernicious and widespread as bias based on race, sex, age, ethnicity, religion, and disability. Rhode cites research to prove her point: 11 percent of surveyed couples say they would abort a fetus predisposed toward obesity. College students tell surveyors they'd rather have a spouse who is an embezzler, drug user, or a shoplifter than one who is obese. And all of this is compounded by a virtually unregulated beauty and diet industry and soaring rates of elective cosmetic surgery. Rhode reminds us how Hillary Clinton and Sonia Sotomayor were savaged by the media for their looks, and says it's no surprise that Sarah Palin paid her makeup artist more than any member of her staff in her run for the vice presidency. And the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really, really like hot girls. And so long as being a hot girl is deemed a bona fide occupational qualification, there will be cocktail waitresses fired for gaining three pounds. It's not just American men who like things this way. The truth is that women feel good about competing in beauty pageants. To put it another way, appearance bias is a massive societal problem with tangible economic costs that most of us—perhaps especially women—perpetuate each time we buy a diet pill or sneer at fat women. This doesn't mean we shouldn't work toward eradicating discrimination based on appearance. But it may mean recognizing that the law won't stop us from discriminating against the overweight, the aging, and the imperfect, so long as it's the quality we all hate most in ourselves.
单选题______ you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else. A．Since B．If C．When D．That
单选题Lucyseldomgoestothetheatre,______she?
单选题Which of the following is closest to the main idea of this article?
单选题Wimbledon tennis tournament is held in______each summer.
单选题Sometimes an Englishman is______enthusiastic, emotional, excited, etc than any other na tionality, but tends to display his feelings far less.
单选题It ______ nearly every day here this month.
单选题Medical doctors sometimes can make mistakes that will cost______.
单选题
单选题She ______ and fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom.A. slippedB. slopedC. splitD. spilt
单选题______ of them knows much English.
单选题
单选题
单选题The differences lie in the following except ______ of the parts.
单选题At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100, 000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense — a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment. Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and America's "gun culture" are responsible for America's high rates of murder. In Belleville's opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among white, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assume guns and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Belleville's low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and have thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong. Given the influence of Kleck, kott, Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.
单选题If ______, the experiment will be successful.A. carefully doingB. it done carefullyC. carefully doneD. doing carefully
单选题Tom sings better than ______ in our class.A. any other girlB. some other girlsC. any girlD. some girl
单选题Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project"s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth. As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone"s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. Yet, the debate about how to save Europe"s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone"s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonize. Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country"s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigor; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A "southern" camp headed by France wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world"s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capital benign.
单选题In Germany, the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recently ______ their unions into signing contracts that lengthen word hours without increasing pay.(2006年北京大学考博试题)
单选题Since their realization depends on the cooperation of others, they will take some convincing steps to come round to the agent's point of view.
单选题The survey showed that ______.
单选题When I open the door, a parcel on the floor ______ my eye.A. metB. caughtC. drewD. attracted
单选题No sooner______than the accident happened.
单选题Planning is a very important activity in our lives yet really sophisticated. It can give pleasure, even excitement, 【C1】______cause quite severe headaches. The more significant the task【C2】______is, the more careful the planning requires. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring【C3】______or no planning, and it is almost a【C4】______. Meanwhile when you luckily to enjoy a month's touring holiday【C5】______, or better【C6】______, getting married, it would a different matter altogether. It' the【C7】______involves a church wedding, with fifty guests, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, and【C8】______to a new home, this requires even more planning to make【C9】______that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and【C10】______avoiding costly failures we cannot afford. It is【C11】______essential and fundamental to mankind as a【C12】______, to individual nations, to families and single people; the【C13】______may vary, but the【C14】______of importance does not. In essence, a nation planning its resources and【C15】______does not differ from the【C16】______weekly shopping or monthly household budget.【C17】______are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials,【C18】______a rate of spending within the limits of【C19】______, and if properly carried out, will【C10】______shortages, wastage and over-expenditure.
单选题So( )after he learned the good news that he could hardly fall asleep the whole night.
单选题The Chinese have used a method called acupuncture (针灸) to perform operations for about 4,000 years without putting the patient to sleep. This involves placing flexible needles into certain parts of the body. The needles are available in a number of stores in China and anyone may buy them.
To learn how to use the needles takes about one month of training. But to be skillful requires greater time. The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needles themselves are not painful. This person also knows where to place the needles so the patient feels no pain in the area where the operation is to be performed. A particular operation might require 25 or more needles placed in various parts of the body. But now this operation requires only 3 or 4 needles.
Today, the Chinese doctors are trying to learn more about acupuncture. They are trying to develop a convincing theory to explain how the needles work in preventing pain, or why a needle in the wrist, for example, would prevent the pain in the area of the mouth.
A patient who needs an operation is given a choice between having acupuncture or having one of the chemicals used for putting him to sleep. It has been estimated that over half of the patients choose acupuncture because there is no sickness after the operation because the chemical may make the patient sick for a few hours or a day.
单选题Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. dewaal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of eucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to; accept the slice of cu cumber indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
单选题Being overweight increases a person's risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. Studies have shown that high-protein diets help people lose weight who have not been able to lose weight in any other way. Therefore, high-protein diets can be an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Which of the following, if true, most undermines the conclusion expressed above about high-protein diets? A. High-protein diets have been linked to heightened rates of high cholesterol, stomach cancer, and kidney failure. B. High-protein diets are easier than conventional diets for most dieters to follow because they allow dieters to eat filling foods like meat and eggs. C. Although many dieters initially show rapid weight loss on high-protein diets, most of them regain the weight as soon as they go off the diet. D. Society should be more understanding of overweight people, and should not pressure them to pursue extreme diets. E. The high-protein diet fad has created a niche dieting industry that grosses over $2 billion per year.
单选题
单选题The ______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers.A. jointB. intensiveC. overallD. decisive
单选题
单选题
The use of deferential(敬重的)language is symbolic of
the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in
Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background,
subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She
ii a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The
typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she "treads
softly (谨言慎行)in the world", elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art
form. Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not
conforming to the feminine linguistic(语言的) ideal. They are using fewer of the
very deferential "women's" forms, and even using the few strong forms that are
known as "men's". This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has Led
to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women's
language. Indeed, we didn't hear about "men's language" until people began to
respond to girls' appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men.
There is considerable sentiment about the "corruption" of women's language-which
of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality--and
this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly
carried out by the media. Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that
young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older
women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been
expected to "grow into"--after all, it is a sign simply of femininity, but of
maturity and refit, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the
nature of one's social relations as well. one might well imagine little girls
using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older women--in a
fashion analogous to little girls' use of a high-pitched voice to do "teacher
talk" or "mother talk" in rote play. The fact that young
Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change--of
social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of
the "masculinization" of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls
are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very
different from saying that they are trying to be "masculine". Katsue Reynolds
has argued that girls nowadays are using mole assertive language strategies in
order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also
brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different
relations to life stages, and adolescent girls file participating in new
subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like "masculine"
speech may seem to an adolescent like "liberated" or "hip"
speech.
单选题It can be inferred from the text that what is stated in the last paragraph is most probably
单选题There is a ______ improvement in your pronunciation. A. distinguishing B. distinction C. distinct D. distinguished
单选题Which of the following did the author provide a guardedly optimistic view?
单选题A stored-program computer has ______.
单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
Women earn less than men do. For
example, in 1998 the hourly wages of women in the U. S. were 26% less than those
of men. The gap between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between
the labor incomes of young women and young men varies. It's also clear that jobs
in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers who
are women in ran industry, the lower the average wages. Why do
women earn less than men do? Can the differences be explained by the fact that
women are looked down upon? If so, the government has to intervene(干预), to force
the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement
among economists about the causes of the gap. One view argues that women, on the
average, have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of
entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience
relative to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the
difference in educational background. Much of the gap, however,
has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some prejudice (偏见)
against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action.
What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to
women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually
decline (下降). An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput
demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers
declines. The result will be a surplus (过剩) of labor. Those who can find jobs
might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselves out of
work.
单选题
单选题Which of the following statement can NOT be drawn from the information given in par
单选题The kidney transplant operation was ______ complicated, so the operating team had to take special care to ensure its success.
单选题The ______ of smoking among women, formerly negligible, has grown to such a degree that lung cancer has become the chief causer of cancer-related deaths among women.
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
Why does the Foundation concentrate its
support on basic rather than applied research?. Basic research is the very heart
9f science, and its cumulative(积累的) product is the capital of scientific
progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it
rise. The goal of basic research is understanding for its own sake.
Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell, the causes of
earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social
forces that .are created whenever two or more human beings come into contact
with one another — the scope is staggering, but the commitment to truth is the
same. If the commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might
be overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated.
Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be
anticipated. When 'Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-ray, he had no idea of
their usefulness to medicine. Applied research, undertaken to
solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the
results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on
applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and
the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside
the funds devoted to research by industry — which is naturally far more
concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly — the
funds the U.S. Government allots(分配) to basic research currently mount to about
7 percent of its over-all research and development funds. Unless adequate
safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic.
Then, as Dr. Waterman has point ed out, "Developments will inevitably be
undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied
science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be
lost. Unforunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without
corresponding emphasis upon pure science.., tend to degrade the quality of the
nation's technology in the long run, rather than to improve it.
"
单选题Historically, the European Union has not bothered with funding much basic scientific research. Such activities have mainly remained the preserve of national governments, not least because giving scientists free rein can lead to discoveries that not only make money but ultimately enhance military might. That attitude is now changing. The European Commission proposes to establish a European Research Council(ERC) that would spend a maximum of 12 billion (＄14 billion) over seven years on" blue skies" research. While the plans are being generally welcomed by Europe's member states, their details are problematic. The proposed ERC is intended to make Europe more competitive. Europe has some first-class universities, scientific institutions and research organisations. But, the ERC's proponents argue, their activities are fragmented, so they are not reaching their full potential. In America, teams from across the country compete with each other for grants from the National Science Foundation. The proposed ERC is modelled on this scheme. It would award grants to individual research teams for a specific project, solely on the basis of scientific merit judged by peer review. If the ERC were created, scientists from across Europe would compete with each other for funds, rather than merely competing with their fellow countrymen, as happens at present. This compares with the limited funding for basic research that currently exists in the EU, which places its emphasis on collaboration between researchers. It is open only to researchers in a narrow range of disciplines chosen by the European Parliament and the commission. The ERC would be quite different, placing its emphasis on competition between researchers and leaving scientists themselves to decide which areas of science to pursue. Helga Nowotny, who chairs the European Research Advisory Board—an advisory body to the commission—says that winning a grant from the ERC could come to be seen as unmistakable recognition of research excellence. The quality of European research needs to be stepped up a notch. Between 1980 and 2003, Europe had 68 Nobel laureates in medicine, physics and chemistry compared with 154 in America. With competition from China and India, Europe's share could fall further. One of the reasons for Europe's relatively weak performance is thought to be a lack of genuine competition between Europe's researchers. Another is its poor ability to attract young people into a research career. Recent estimates suggest that Europe needs an extra 700,000 researchers if it is to meet its overall target of raising spending(private,national and EU) on research and development to 3% of GDP by 2010. Many young scientists leave Europe for America once they have finished their training. Dr Nowotny says the ERC could help here too. It could establish a scheme to give young researchers the opportunity to follow their own ideas and become independent at an earlier stage in their careers, encouraging talent to stay in Europe. The crucial issue now is whether the ERC will be able to set its own research agenda, free from the interference and bureaucracy of the commission and influence of member states. Last month, 22 leading European scientists charged with shaping the ERC' s scientific strategy met for the first time to start hammering out a charter and constitution. Serious concerns remain over the legal structure of the body. The final decision on the ERC' s legal form, on a date yet unspecified, rests with the European Parliament and member states in the European Council. If both are genuine in their support for the ERC and Europe's aim of becoming more competitive, then they must find a way of keeping the ERC free from political interference. Europe would benefit from a competition for its best researchers which rewards scientific excellence. A quasi-competition that recognizes how many votes each member state is allotted would be pointless.
单选题—Can you give me the right answer? —Sorry, I ______. Would you repeat that question?A. hadn't listenedB. haven't listenedC. don't listenD. wasn't listening,
单选题She looked at me ______ I were a stranger.
单选题It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are. A) one B) that C) what D) it
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单选题Two systems of weights and measures used in the U.S. are ______.
单选题Elephants who paint aren't new. Paintings by Ruby, an Asian elephant who lived at the Phoenix Zoo in Arizona, sold for up to $ 5,000 in the late 1980s, said Dick George, a consultant with the zoo. "Ruby was about seven months old when she first came to the zoo," said George. "She lived with a goat and some chickens, but she didn't have an elephant companion for a number of years. She spent a lot of time drawing in the dirt with a stick to make her days more stimulating. Her keeper bought her some art sup- plies." George said, "Ruby was excited about painting right from the beginning." The elephants at the art academies in the Southeast Asia are taught to hold a paintbrush with the tip of their trunks. Initially, the keeper guides the elephant's trunk over the canvas(画布) and offers rewards for good performance. "It only takes a few hours to a day to teach them," said Mia Fineman, an art historian whose book When Elephants Paint is an illustrated history of the Asian Elephant Art and Consrvation Project.
单选题Man: How do most students find a job after they graduate?Woman: They usually look for a job by searching the want ads in the newspaper.Question: What does the woman mean?
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单选题For the last 20 years or so the subject of global warming has______heated debate among the world's brightest minds.
单选题How did the author react to Jennie's relationship with her boy friend?
单选题Five kilometers ______ a long distance for a five-year-old boy to run. A．are B．be C．is D．would be
单选题Words ______ meaning, as we ail know.A. convinceB. conveyC. contributeD. conquer
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单选题Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they Can speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arisen so to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. It is a problem we need not get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular ,situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use,at say seven months, of "mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and apparently meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however; whether anything is gained when parents cash in on this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds. (370w)
单选题The word "nudge" in the first sentence of paragraph six means ______.
单选题A. concertB. answerC. betterD. mercy
单选题Anything dropped falls towards the center of the earth because of ______.
单选题It is our firm ______ that a step forward has been taken and will
bring the country back to economic prosperity.
A. conviction
B. empowerment
C. imperative
D. proposition
单选题Managers must become proficient cross-cultural communicators if they wish to succeed in today's global environment. Culture consists of the values, attitudes, and (1) in a given group of most of the people most of the time. (2) communication is communication in a management (3) to achieve a (4) result (writing a memo, interviewing an applicant, running a meeting, preparing a presentation). If you are working in a different culture, you may have to reconsider your communication (5) and evaluate its (6) . A realistic (7) in one culture may not be so in another. One way to (8) what might be realistic is to analyze (9) psychologists call the "locus of control." People in some cultures (10) believe in " (11) control" over destiny—that is, that people can control events themselves. People in other cultures believe in "external control" over destiny—that is, events are (12) and uncontrollable. What (13) an appropriate time frame in one culture may not be achievable in another. It all depends on the culture's (14) of time. In some cultures, timetables are exact and (15) . Examples of such cultures include Germany and Switzerland. Other cultures have more relative and (16) attitudes toward time; one may be kept waiting; projects may (17) more slowly. Examples here are Latin and African countries. An (18) in Cameroon tells of a meeting scheduled for 9:00 a.m. in Yaounde. People began to arrive at 1:00 p.m. (19) , however, when the last person (20) at 2:00 p.m., the other Cameroonians admonished him for being later.
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A. {{U}}wh{{/U}}ere
B. {{U}}wh{{/U}}ile
C. {{U}}wh{{/U}}ole
D. {{U}}wh{{/U}}ite
单选题I don't understand ______ believe me.A. why you notB. why do you notC. why don't youD. why you don't
单选题The author's comment on the government can be interpreted as
单选题My teacher (is) talking (with an European) student, who (comes from) (Germany).
单选题He had a feeling that she was ______ avoiding him—that she fared to be alone with him.
单选题Man have often been praised by being told that they were as smart as a Philadelphia lawyer. No one knows why there is something special about Philadelphia lawyers, but the expression "smart as a Philadelphia lawyer" seems to have come from a famous trial early in the 18th century. An Englishman, William S. Cosby arrived in New York as the royal governor of the province. He was a tyrant. He wanted to make money quickly and he ruled the province with no thought for the law or the rights of the people. Among those who opposed his rule was John Peter Zinger who came to America from Germany Mr. Zinger started a newspaper which praised liberty and sharply criticized the governor. Governor Cosby arrested Mr. Zinger, charged him with slander and kept him in prison for 9 months. Mr. Zinger could not find a New York lawyer to defend him because of the governor's power. But a leading lawyer from Philadelphia agreed to defend Mr. Zinger. He was Andrew Hamilton, white-haired and almost 80 years old. The trial opened, the jury chosen and charges read. At that time, the law on slander said that jury could decide only if the person accused published in the newspaper named in the charges. The question of whether words published were true or not was to be decided by the judge. Mr. Zinger told the court he was innocent. Then the lawyer from Philadelphia rose, admitted that Mr. Zinger did publish the newspaper as charged. But Mr. Hamilton continued. The publishing of a newspaper does not make a person guilty of slander. He said that words themselves must be proved false or slanderous. Otherwise Mr. Zinger is innocent. The judge warned Mr. Hamilton that he, the judge, would decide if the words were slanderous or not. Mr. Hamilton quickly turned to the jury and asked them to decide. He said that it was their right to decide whether the alleged slander was in fact the truth. In his final statement to the jury, Mr. Hamilton said the question was much bigger than the charges against Mr. Zinger. He said the question was liberty and right of people to oppose dishonesty and tyranny by speaking and writing the truth. After a brief discussion the jury declared that Mr. Zinger was not guilty and cheers broke out in the courtroom. The decision established the principle of freedom of the press in the American Colonies. Mr. Hamilton was praised as a hero. Through the fame of Mr. Zinger trial, the praise for Mr. Hamilton has spread throughout the country. And so it is believed that the expression "as smart as a Philadelphia lawyer" honors the man from Philadelphia who successfully defended the freedom of the press to print the truth.
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单选题He ______ himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam. A. discerned B. distinguished C. discriminated D. extinguished
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单选题The Songs and Sonnets, by which Donne is probably best known, ________ is the basic theme.
单选题Correction of the student's
aberrant
pronunciation is a continual, on-going process, not something reserved for lessons or exercises in pronunciation.
单选题Which of the following is NOT a quality of young company presidents in the United States?
单选题We"re talking about the piano and the pianist ______ were in the concert we attended last night.
单选题The service in the first advertisement is directed to the following EXCEPT ______.
单选题Many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling (叛逆). I wish it were so. At this age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. They say they want to dress as they please, but all of them wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music, but all of them end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting is that the others are doing it that way. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and go his or her own way. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today' s parents have come to award(给予) high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records and stamps. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.
单选题A(n)______is a person who designs and sometimes supervises the construction of buildings, etc.
单选题Eighty percent of mothers cradle their ______ in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)
单选题 At the Museum of Sex in New York City,
artificial-intelligence researcher David Levy projected a mock image on a screen
of a smiling bride in a wedding dress holding hands with a short robot groom.
"Why not marry a robot? Look at this happy couple," he said to a laughing
crowd. When Levy was then asked whether anyone who would want
to marry a robot was deceived, his face grew serious. "If the alternative
is that you are lonely and sad and miserable, is it not better to find a robot
that claims to love you and acts like it loves you?" Levy responded. "Does
it really matter, if you're a happier person?" In his 2007 book, Love and Sex
with Robots, Levy contends that sex, love and even marriage between humans and
robots are coming soon and, perhaps, are even desirable. "I know some people
think the idea is totally peculiar," he says. "But I am totally convinced it's
inevitable." The 62-year-old London native has not reached this
conclusion on a whim. Levy's academic love affair with computing began in his
last year of university, during the vacuum-tube era. That is when he broadened
his horizons beyond his passion for chess. "Back then people wrote chess
programs to simulate human thought processes," he recalls. He later became
engrossed in writing programs to carry on intelligent conversations with people,
and then he explored the way humans interact with computers, a topic for which
he earned his doctorate last year from the University of Maastricht in the
Netherlands. Over the decades, Levy notes, interactions between
humans and robots have become increasingly personal. Whereas robots initially
found work, say, building cars in a factory, they have now moved into the home
in the form of Roomba the robotic vacuum cleaner and digital pets such as
Tamagotchis and the Sony Aibo. Science-fiction fans have
witnessed plenty of action between humans and characters portraying artificial
life-forms, such as with Data from the Star Trek franchise or the Cylons from
the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. And Levy is betting that a lot of people
will fall in love with such devices. Programmers can tailor the
machines to match a person's interests or render them some what
disagreeable to create a desirable level of friction in a relationship. "It's
not that people will fall in love with an algorithm but that people will fall in
love with a convincing simulation of a human being, and convincing simulations
can have a remarkable effect on people," he says.
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单选题The computer will soon affect ______.
单选题More and more residences, businesses, and even government agencies are using telephone answering machines to take messages or give information or instructions. Sometimes these machines give (1) instructions, or play messages that are difficult to understand. If you (2) telephone calls, you need to be ready to respond if you get a (3) . The most common machine is the (4) used in residence. If you call a home (5) there is a telephone answering machine in operation you (6) hear several rings and then a recorded message (7) usually says something (8) this: "Hello. We can't come to the (9) right now. If you want us to call you back, please leave your name and number after the beep." Then you will hear a "beep," (10) is a brief, high-pitched (11) . Alter the beep, you can say who you are, whom you want to speak to, and what number the person should call to (12) you, or you can leave a (13) . Some telephone answering machines (14) for only 20 or 30 seconds after the beep, so you must respond quickly. Some large businesses and government agencies are using telephone answering machines to provide information on (15) about which they receive a large volume of (16) . Using these systems (17) you to have a touch-tone phone (a phone with buttons rather than a rotary dial). The voice on the machine will tell your to push a certain button on your telephone if you want in-formation on Topic A, another button for Topic B, and so on. You listen (18) you hear the topic you want to learn about, and then you push the (19) button. After making your (20) , you will hear a recorded message on the topic.
单选题The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at ______.
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单选题Saudi Arabia, the oil industry's swing producer, has become its flip-flopper. In February, it persuaded OPEC to cut its total production quotas by lm barrels per day (bpd), to 23.5m, as a precaution against an oil-price crash this spring. That fear has since been replaced by its opposite. The price of West Texas crude hit $40 last week, its highest since the eve of the first Iraq war, prompting concerns that higher oil prices could sap the vigour of America's recovery and compound the frailty of Europe's. On Monday May 10th, Ali al-Naimi, Saudi Arabia's energy minister, called on OPEC to raise quotas, by at least 1. 5m bpd, at its next meeting on June 3rd. Thus far, the high oil price has been largely a consequence of good things, such as a strengthening world economy, rather than a cause of bad things, such as faster inflation or slower growth. China's burgeoning economy guzzled about 6m bpd in the first quarter of this year, 15% more than a year ago, according to Goldman Sachs. Demand was also strong in the rest of Asia, excluding Japan, growing by 5.2% to 8. 1m bpd. As the year progresses, the seasonal rhythms of America's drivers will dictate prices, at least of the lighter, sweeter crudes. Americans take to the roads en masse in the summer, and speculators are driving up the oil price now in anticipation of peak demand in a few months' time. Until recently, the rise in the dollar price of oil was offset outside America and China by the fall in the dollar itself. But the currency has regained some ground in recent weeks, and the oil price has continued to rise. Even so, talk of another oil price shock is premature. The price of oil, adjusted for inflation, is only half what it was in December 1979, and the United States now uses half as much energy per dollar of output as it did in the early 1970s. But if oil cannot shock the world economy quite as it used to, it can still give it "a good kick", warns Goldman Sachs. If average oil prices for the year come in 10% higher than it forecast, it reckons GDP growth in the Group of Seven (G7) rich nations will be reduced by 0.3%, or $70 billion. The Americans are certainly taking the issue seriously. John Snow, their treasury secretary, called OPEC's February decision "regrettable", and the rise in prices since then "not helpful". Washington pays close heed to the man at the petrol pump, who has seen the average price of a gallon of unleaded petrol rise by 39 cents in the past year. And the Saudis, some mutter, pay close heed to Washington. Besides, the high oil price may have filled Saudi coffers, but it has also affronted Saudi pride. Mr. al-Naimi thinks the high price is due to fears that supply might be disrupted in the future. These fears, he says, are "unwarranted". But the hulking machinery in the Arabian desert that keeps oil flowing round the world presents an inviting target to terrorists should they tire of bombing embassies and nightclubs. (ha May 1st, gunmen killed six people in a Saudi office of ABB Lummus Global, an American oil contractor. Such incidents add to the risk premium factored into the oil price, a premium that the Saudis take as a vote of no confidence in their kingdom and its ability to guarantee the supply of oil in the face of terrorist threats.
单选题Which of he following was not a reason for using bricks in construction?
单选题MAC stands for ______. A．Micro Application Control B．Message Acquired Center C．Medium Access Control D．Media Access Center
单选题A. ghost B. daughter C. taught D. through
单选题The indirect theory to meaning proposed by Ogden and Richards holds that the relation between a word and a thing is mediated by______.
单选题— There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. — It ______ a comfortable journey.A. can't beB. shouldn't beC. couldn't have beenD. mustn't have been
单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad ______ when she was iii and had no money.
单选题(2009) Evidence came up______specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.
单选题Which of the following ideas might probably be preferred by Malcolm Muggeridge?
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单选题They drifted on the lake, fishing and catching shrimp to______.(2013年10月中国科学院考博试题)
单选题In the north of the country, the sun always shines ______ the vast prairie land in summer. A. brightly on B. bright on C. bright in D. brightly in
单选题Brown, Smith and Robinson are
单选题话剧《四川好人》是( )的作品。
单选题Most green vegetables, ______ for too long, will lose nutrition.
A. if to be cooked
B. if cooked
C. if cooking
D. if being cooked