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单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}}
It has been a wretched few weeks for
America's. celebrity bosses. AIG's Maurice Greenberg has been dramatically
ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At
Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his
own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing,
Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and
raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for
sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Carly Fiorina was the most
powerful woman in corporate America until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard
(HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie Ebbers is much grimmer.
The once high-profile boss of WorldCom could well spend the rest of his life
behind bars following his conviction last month on fraud charges.
In different ways, each of these examples appears to point to the same
welcome conclusion: that the imbalance in corporate power of the late 1990s,
when many bosses were allowed to behave like absolute monarchs, has been
corrected. Alas, appearances can be deceptive. While each of these recent tales
of chief-executive woo is a sis of progress, none provides much evidence that
the crisis in American corporate governance is yet over. In fact, each of these
cases is an example of failed, not successful, governance. At
the very least, the beards of both Morgan Stanley and HP were far too slow to
address their bosses' inadequacies. The record of the Boeing beard in picking
chiefs prone to ethical lapses is too long to be dismissed as mere bad luck. The
fall of Messrs Greenberg and Ebbers, meanwhile, highlights the growing role of
government-and in particular, of criminal prosecutors in holding bosses to
account: a development that is, at best, a mixed blessing. The Sarbanes-Oxley
act, passed in haste following the Enron and WorldCom scandals, is imposing
heavy costs on American companies; whether these are exceeded by any benefits is
the subject of fierce debate and may not be known for years.
Eliot Spitzer, New York's attorney-general, is the leading advocate and
practitioner of an energetic "law enforcement" approach. He may be right that
the recent burst of punitive actions has been good for the economy, even if some
of his own decisions have been open to question. Where he is undoubtedly right
is in arguing that corporate America has done a lamentable job of governing
itself. As he says in an article in the Wall Street Journal this week:
"The hour cede among CEOs didn't work. Board oversight didn't work.
Ser-regulation was a complete failure." AIG's board, for example,
did nothing about Mr Greenberg's use of murky accounting, or the conflicts posed
by his use of offshore vehicles, or his constant bullying of his critics
let alone the firm's alleged participation in bid-rigging--until Mr
Spitzer threatened a criminal prosecution that might have destroyed the
firm.
单选题No other newspaper columnist has managed as yet to of readership.
单选题Woman: Doctor, what's wrong with my father?Man: He's in pretty good shape, considering.Question: What do we learn from the dialogue?
单选题A. sewB. flewC. threwD. blew
单选题The boss______into a rage and started shouting at Robert to do as he was told.
单选题The author mentions all of the following as events that might precipitate a change in a Sioux man's name EXCEPT ______.
单选题The younger generation ______ greatly from the older generation in many ways.
单选题The police found some stolen ______hidden in the thief's house.
单选题He moved away from his parents, and missed them ______ enjoy the exciting life in New York.
单选题Please make sure that your L/C will reach us well before the shipment month so that we can ______ shipping space for the goods with ABC Line.
单选题In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems, and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world's rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impinges on the universities' efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge -- the imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward. With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education. While higher education has become a great "growth industry", it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of the nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction. Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions' organization and functioning to conform to the demands of research rather thorn those of teaching.
单选题In Britain, the best season of the year is probably ______ spring. A. latter B. later C. last D. late
单选题Earth"s North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low.
Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.
Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.
Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That"s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it"s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned.
There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington at Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.
Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past, clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5℃ warmer than average and 1.5℃ warmer than the previous record high.
With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some darts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season"s end.
The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N. H.
Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.
单选题______ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become. A) The more frequent B) The frequenter C) The more frequently D) the frequentlier
单选题To be passive may be taken in three ways. Firstly, in its most strict sense, when from a thing is taken something which belongs to it by virtue either of its nature, or of its proper inclination; as when water loses coolness by heating, and as when a man becomes ill or sad. Secondly, less strictly, a thing is said to be passive when something, whether suitable or unsuitable, is taken away from it. And in this way not only he who is ill is said to be passive, but also he who is healed; not only he that is sad, but also he that is joyful; or whatever way he be altered or moved. Thirdly, in a wide sense a thing is said to be passive, from the very fact that what is in potentiality to something receives that to which it was in potentiality, without being deprived of anything. And accordingly, whatever passes from potentiality to act may be said to be passive, even when it is perfected. It is thus that to understand is to be passive. This is clear from the following reason. For the intellect, as we have seen above, has an operation extending to universal being. We may therefore see whether an intellect is in act or potentiality by observing first of all the nature of the relation of the intellect to universal being. For we find an intellect whose relation to universal being is that of the act of all being; and such is the divine intellect, which the essence of God, in which, originally and virtually, all being pre-exists as in its first cause. Therefore the divine intellect is not in potentiality, but is pure act. But no created intellect can be an act in relation to the whole universal being; for then it would need to be an infinite being. Therefore no created intellect, by reason of very being, is the act of all things intelligible; but it is compared to these intelligible things as a potentiality to act. Now, potentiality has a double relation to act. There is a potentiality which is always perfected by its act. Such is the case with the matter of the heavenly bodies. And there is another potentiality, which is not always in act, but proceeds from potentiality to act; as we observe in things that are corrupted and generated. Hence the angelic intellect is always in act as regards those things which it can understand, by reason of its proximity to the first intellect, which is pure act, as we have said above. But the human intellect, which is the lowest in the order of intellects and most remote from the perfection of the divine intellect, is in potentiality with regard to things intelligible, and is at first like a clean tablet on which nothing is written, as the Philosopher says. This is made clear from the fact that at first we are only in potentiality towards understanding, and afterwards we are made to understand actually. And so it is evident that with us to understand is in a way to be passive, taking passive in the third sense. And consequently the intellect is a passive power.
单选题Christian continues on his way, assisted by a new friend, Hopeful, who has been converted by Faithful" s martyrdom. They hold to the high road despite many difficulties and dangers but finally, their feet being weary and the road growing hourly more hard and rocky, they are tempted to take a bypath through a pleasant meadow which seems to follow the same general route.The following section describes the hero" s journey in search of salvation in______.
单选题I suggested that the newcomers should try their best to______themselves to the new environment.
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单选题5 Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-con sciously and distinctively "Southern" —the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cuhural history of Britain's North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteech centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for South ern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and sec ond, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colo nies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic. What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by his torians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascription by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in mo tives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Ameri cans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences. However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong reli gious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be pecul iarly Southern—acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models--was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost cer tainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern--but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the late Colonial period.
单选题2．从下面提供的答案中选出应填入下列英文语句中______内的正确答案。 Software quality assurance is now an (1) sub-discipline of software engineering. As Buckly and Oston point out, (2) software quality assurance is likely to lead to an ultimate (3) of software costs. However, the major hurdle in the path of software management in this area is the lack of (4) software standards. The development of accepted and generally applicable standards should be one ofthe principal goals of (5) in software engineering.
单选题The feared tomahawk was a war axe (1) by Native Americans. A Native American would make one by honing a piece of stone so that (2) had one or two sharp edges, and (3) attaching it to a wooden handle. The young men would spend many hours practicing to become expert (4) the tomahawk's use. It became an excellent weapon. This was especially true when used by a brave (5) . To make a tomahawk, the Native American first had to find a (6) that was the proper shape and weight. Then it had to be attached to a (7) . One way to do this was to bore or burn a hole (8) a wooden stick, then push the stone through it and tie the stone and wood (9) with strips of hide. Another way was to split the wood, force the stone (10) the sides of the split, and finally tie the divided ends of the stick together. The tomahawk could be used for chopping twigs and other rough cutting jobs. However its primary purpose was as a (11) . Normally, the warrior wielded his tomahawk in hand-to-hand combat, swinging it at his enemies in hopes of stunning them, (12) cutting them. On rare occasions it was (13) . But unless the tomahawk was perfectly balanced, tossing it was an extremely poor method of hitting a target. The type of stone use determined how (14) it was. But even with the best of stones, it would (15) be as keen as a steel ax. Soon (16) the Europeans settled in North America, the stone-and-wood tomahawk was replaced by steel hatchets. These were manufactured in Europe for the settlers, (17) for trade with the Native Americans. Some tribes had the (18) of burying their tomahawks in the ground whenever a peace had been declared with their enemies. Presumably, it was this custom (19) gave rise (20) the phrase " to bury the hatchet".
单选题When mentioning the California Department of Health Service's efforts in placing antismoking commercials on television, including popular MTV programs, the writer hinted that ______.
单选题European conservatives, until the end of the 19th century, rejected democratic principles and institutions. Instead they
opted for
monarchies or for authoritarian government.
单选题Directions: There are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.
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单选题A: Susan, this is my boyfriend Sam.
B: ______
C: Nice to meet you, too.
单选题It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following presents the greatest danger to diver?
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单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}}
Large, multinational corporations may
be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater
extent than most Americans realize, the economy' s vitality depends on the
fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories.
Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ
nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generate half of ail new
jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened
their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an
additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own. Too
many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will
overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition.
Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success
requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit
the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea
of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least
for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business
Administration data,24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to
have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years
from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new
study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National
Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years
after start-up ,77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most
credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already
were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service
in their last jobs. Thinking through an enterprise before the
launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm' s
health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You mast
tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often
ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability.
They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to
acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their
ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll
or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they
see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far
gone to save. Frequent checks of your firm's vital signs will
also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must
spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps
franchise your hot idea.
单选题She was so {{U}}stubborn{{/U}} that she wouldn’t change her opinions.
单选题 It was unfortunate that, after so trouble-free an arrival,
he should stumble in the dark as he was rising and severely twist his ankle on a
piece of rock. After the first shock the pain became bearable, and he gathered
up his parachute before limping into the trees to hide it as best he could. The
hardness of the ground and the deep darkness made it almost impossible to do
this efficiently. The pine needles lay several inches deep so he simply piled
them on top of the parachute, cutting the short twigs that he could feel around
his legs, and spreading them on top of the needles. He had great doubts about
whether it would stay buried, but there was very little else that he could do
about it. After limping for some distance in an indirect course
away from his parachute he began to make his way downhill through the trees. He
had to find out where he was, and then decide what to do next. But walking
downhill on a rapidly swelling ankle soon proved to be almost beyond his powers.
He moved mere and more slowly, walking in long sideways movements across the
slope, which meant taking more steps but less painful ones. By the time he
cleared the trees and reached the valley, day was breaking. Mist hung in soft
sheets across the field. Small cottages and farm buildings grouped like sleeping
cattle around a village church, whose pointed tower, pointed high into the cold
winter air to welcome the morning. "I can't go no further,"
John Harding thought. "Someone is bound to find me, but what can't I do? I must
get a rest before I go on, Ther'll look for me first up there on the mountain
where the plane crashed I bet they're out looking for it already and they're
bound to find the parachute in the end. I can't believe they won't. So they'll
know I'm not dead and must be somewhere. They'll think I'm hiding up there in
the trees and rocks so they'll look for me, so I'll go down to the village. With
luck by the evening my foot will be good enough to get me to the
border." Far above him on the mountainside he could hear the
faint echo of voices, startling him after great silence. Looking up he saw
lights like little pinpoints moving across the face of the mountain in the grey
light. But the road was deserted, and he struggled along, still almost invisible
in the first light, easing his aching foot whenever he could, avoiding stones
and rough places, and limping quietly and painfully towards the village. He
reached the church at last. A great need for peace almost drew him inside, but
he knew that would not do instead, he limped along its walls towards a very old
building standing a shod distance from the church doors. It seemed to have been
there for ever, as if it bad grown out of the hillside. It had the same air of
timelessness as the church. John Harding pushed open the heavy wooden door and
slipped inside.
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单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}}
Tom Burke recently tried to print out a
boarding pass from home before one of the frequent flights he takes. He
couldn't. His name, or one similar to it, is now on one of the Transportation
Security Administration's terrorist watch lists. Every day,
thousands of people like Burke find themselves unable to do things like print a
boarding pass and are pulled aside for extensive screening because their name,
or a name that sounds like theirs, is on one of the watch lists. From the TSA's
perspective, the screening is just one of the many new layers of increased
security that are designed to prevent terrorist activity. The inconvenience is
regrettable, but a price that society has to pay for security. And for national
security reasons, the FBI and other government agencies responsible for
supplying names to the lists will not disclose the criteria they use. They say
that would amount to tipping their hands to the terrorists. But
civil libertarians are more concerned about the long-term consequence of the
current lists. On Sept. 11,2001, the no-fly list contained 16 names. Now, the
combined lists are estimated to have as many as 20,000. Internal FBI memos from
agents referred to the process as "really confused" and "not comprehensive and
not centralized. Burke and others contend that such comments are disturbing,
because it was during the first year after the attacks that the watch lists grew
exponentially. "The underlying danger is not that Tom Burke can
no longer get a boarding pass to get on an airline," says a lawyer. "It's that
the Tom Burkes in the world may forever more be associated (with the terrorist
watch list)." Burke says they do know that the lists are frequent[y updated and
distributed internationally, but they don't know how the old lists are
destroyed. They also hope to ensure that sometime in the future a person whose
name is on the list, but is not a terrorist, does not run into further trouble
if, say, law enforcement in another country that they're visiting comes across
their name on one of the old lists. In addition, airlines are
concerned that the lists are not updated frequently enough. "We've been
encouraging the TSA to work with all of the other federal law-enforcement
agencies to get a regular review of the names that they submit to TSA, because
there have been reports that these agencies have said that if there was a
review, many of the names could be removed," says Diana Cronin of the Air
Transport Association.
单选题You can make your dreams come ______ as long as you work hard at them.
单选题I know that if I start watching soap opera I will immediately become hopelessly______to it.
单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}}
A pair of dice, rolled again and again,
will eventually produce two sixes. Similarly, the virus that causes influenza is
constantly changing at random and, one day, will mutate in a way that will
enable it to infect billions of people, and to kill millions. Many experts now
believe a global outbreak of pandemic flu is overdue, and that the next one
could be as bad as the one in 1918, which killed somewhere between 25m and 50m
people. Today however, advances in medicine offer real hope that another such
outbreak can be contained-if governments start preparing now.
New research published this week suggests that a relatively small
stockpile of an antiviral drug-as little as 3m doses--could be enough to limit
sharply a flu pandemic if the drugs were deployed quickly to people in the area
surrounding the initial outbreak. The drug's manufacturer, Roche, is talking to
the World Health Organisation about donating such a stockpile.
This is good news. But much more needs to be done, especially with a nasty
strain of avian flu spreading in Asia which could mutate into a threat to
humans. Since the SARS outbreak in 2003 a few countries have developed plans in
preparation for similar episodes. But progress has been shamefully patchy, and
there is still far too little international coordination. A
global stockpile of drugs alone would not be much use without an adequate system
of surveillance to identify early cases and a way of delivering treatment
quickly, If an outbreak occurred in a border region, for example, a swift
response would most likely depend on prior agreements between different
countries about quarantine and containment. Reaching such agreements
is rarely easy, but that makes the task all the more urgent, Rich countries tend
to be better prepared than poor ones, but this should be no consolation to them.
Flu does not respect borders. It is in everyone's interest to make
sure that developing countries, especially in Asia, are also well prepared.
Many may bridle at interference from outside. But if richer nations were
willing to donate anti-viral drugs and guarantee a supply of any vaccine that
becomes available, poorer nations might be willing to reach agreements over
surveillance and preparedness. Simply sorting out a few details
now will have lives (and recriminations) later. Will there be enough
ventilators, makes and drugs? Where will people be treated if the hospitals
overflow? Will food be delivered as normal? Too many countries have no answers
to these questions.
单选题"Cool" is a word with many meanings. Its traditional meaning is used to
1
a temperature that is fairly cold. As the world has
2
, however, the word has expanded to
3
many different things.
"Cool" can be used to express feelings of
4
in almost anything.
When you see a brand-name car in the street, maybe you can"t help
5
"It"s cool" You might think "He"s so cool," when you see your
6
footballer.
We all enlarge the meaning of "cool". You can use it
7
many words such as "new" or "amazing". Here"s an interesting story
8
illustrate the usage of the word: A teacher asked her students to
9
the waterfall they had visited. On one student"s paper was just the one
10
, "It"s so cool." Perhaps he thought it was
11
to describe
12
he saw and
13
he felt.
14
the story also proves the shortage of words and expressions.
15
"cool", some people have no words to express the same meaning. So it is
16
to improve our word strength to maintain some
17
.
As a popular word, "cool" stands for a kind of special
18
that people can accept easily. Excepting "cool", can you think of any other words that
19
your life as colorful? 1 can. And I think they are also very
20
.
单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}}
Even their parents struggle to draw the
tiniest hint of emotion or social connection from autistic(患孤独症的) children, so
imagine what happens when a stranger sits with the child for hours to get
through the standard IQ test. For 10 of the test's 12 sections, the child must
listen and respond to spoken questions. Since for many autistics it is torture
to try to engage with someone even on this impersonal level, it's no wonder so
many wind up with IQ scores just above a carrot's. More precisely, fully three
quarters of autistics are classified as having below-normal intelligence, with
many deemed mentally retarded. Researchers have tried a
different IQ test, one that requires no social interaction. As they report in
the journal Psychological Science, autistic children's scores came out starkly
different than on the oral, interactive IQ test — suggesting a burning
intelligence inside these kids that educators are failing to uncover.
For the study, children took two IQ tests. In the more widely used
Wechsler, they tried to arrange and complete pictures, do simple arithmetic,
demonstrate vocabulary comprehension and answer questions— almost all in
response to a stranger's questions. In the Raven's Progressive Matrices test,
they got brief instructions, then went off on their own to analyze
three-by-three arrays of geometric designs, with one missing, and choose the
design that belonged in the empty place. The disparity in scores was striking.
Overall, the autistics scored around the 30th percentile on the
Wechsler, which corresponds to "low average" IQ. But they averaged in the
56th percentile on the Raven's. not a single autistic child scored in
the "high intelligence" range on the Wechsler; on the Raven's, one third did.
Healthy children showed no such disparity. That presents a
puzzle. If many autistics arc more intelligent than an IQ test shows, why
haven't their parents noticed? Partly because many parents welcome a low score,
which brings their child more special services from schools and public agencies.
But another force is at work. "We often think of intelligence as what you can
show, such as by speaking fluently," says a psychologist. "Parents as well as
professionals might be biased to look at that" rather than dig for the hidden
intellectual spark. The challenge is to coax that spark into the
kind of intelligence that manifests itself in practice. That is something autism
researchers are far from doing. Many experts dismiss autistics' exceptional
reading, artistic or other abilities as side effects of abnormal brain function.
They advise parents to steer their child away from what he excels at and
obsesses over, and toward what he struggles with. It makes you wonder how many
other children, whose intellectual potential we're too blind to see, we've also
given up on.
单选题Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.
单选题Aimee Hunter, a research psychologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, has long studied individual responses to antidepressants. Being skeptical of the true effectiveness of the drugs, she says she was originally interested in researching the impact of placebos. But over the years, her own data began convincing her otherwise. "I've come to see now, by doing the research myself and spending hours looking at numbers, that the medication is absolutely doing something," Hunter says. In an earlier study that Hunter published in 2009, she and her team used the same QEEG technique on 58 patients, who were given a placebo daily for one week before being randomized to take either placebo or an active drug. Researchers found distinct patterns of brain activity in the patients; not everyone responded to the placebo the same way. "We found that changes in brain function occurring during the first week of placebo predicted who will do well on medication," she says. The region where changes were recorded—in the prefrontal lobe—is thought to be involved in generating expectations. A common explanation for the placebo effect is that the mere anticipation of improvement begets real benefit. But in the case of Hunter's patients, the changes in brain activity predicted actual response to the antidepressant , not to placebo. Intriguingly, in patients who showed the specific brain response associated with antidepressant-related recovery, the most significant improvement was seen in what psychologists call interpersonal sensitivity how people respond to either positive or negative social events. When suffering from depression, patients tend to become inured to positive social cues and oversensitized to negative ones. They may interpret a passerby's frown as being directed at them, for instance, and some research has found that depressed people are more likely to misidentify smiling faces as conveying neutral or negative emotions. The patients who improved with medication in Hunter's study "were less sensitive to rejection and more comfortable with others," she says. Reducing emotional sensitivity—not treating depression per se—is what medications like Prozac, which affect the levels of serotonin in the brain, do best, according to Healy. If that entire class of drugs had been studied and marketed as pills to reduce emotional reactivity rather than depression, he says, "the placebo response would be very small compared to the drug. " Still, treating a patient's oversensitivity does not necessarily help depression. For some people whose illness is marked by social dread and misperceived rejections, reducing that anxiety could be critical. But for someone whose depression is primarily experienced as deep sadness and inability to feel pleasure, blunting emotional sensitivity may do little good. These differences further explain why the drugs may produce such varied individual responses. Evidence suggests that about 80% of people with depression can be helped by drugs, talk therapy or a combination of the two, so although it is critical to figure out which treatments work for which patients, the larger question remains: Why aren't most patients getting good care, and why do we continue to insist that so many of those taking antidepressants don't really need them?
单选题Hobsion theory states that through unchecked
proliferation
of the human species, in twenty years the world"s population will have out, own the total food supply.
单选题If you are interested in this position, you can ______ to our personnel department for an interview.
单选题
单选题The aim of the U.S. government in imposing rent controls on American cities in 1943 was to help ______.
单选题
单选题X-rays are able to pass through objects and thus make ______ details that are otherwise impossible to observe.
单选题Motorola Inc., the world's second-largest mobile phone maker, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build 'a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorola's mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival. The company, long known for its top-notch (等级) engineering culture, is hoping to profit from its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through "always on" network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download. Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorola's own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorola's phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the user's whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.
单选题When scientists are trying to understand a particular set of phenomena, they often make use of a "model." A model, in the scientists' sense, is a kind of analogy or mental image of the phenomena in terms of something we are familiar with. One example is the wave model of light. We cannot see light as if it were made up of waves because experiments on light indicate that it behaves in many respects as water waves do. The purpose of a model is to give us a mental or visual picture -- something to hold onto -- when we cannot see what is actually happening. Models often give us a deeper understanding: the analogy to a known system (for instance, water waves in the above example) can suggest new experiments to perform and can provide ideas about what other related phenomena might occur.
单选题(With) production (having gone) up steadily, the factory needs an (ever-increasing) supply (of) raw materials.
单选题The speaker, ______ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience. A. having known B. knowing C. being known D. known
单选题You can find a tower at ______ ends of the bridge. A．both B．all C．each D．either
单选题Speaker A: I saw your boss was angry with you. What happened?
Speaker B: ______. He was just in a bad mood.
单选题The Big Ben (英国大本钟) is located in the tower in London. It is very famous (41) the world, but nobody really knows why it is (42) Big Ben. There are two stories (43) this. Some people say that it was named (44) Benjamin Caunt, a boxer. People called (45) Big Ben. But more people believe it was called after Welshman, Sir Benjamin Hall. He was in (46) of this work in 1859. A story was told that during a (47) in a meeting on what (48) the bell, Sir Benjamin was going to give his ideas when an officer behind him shouted (49) , "Let's call it Big Ben!" From (50) on it was named Big Ben.
单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Jee Hock and Meng Kim were very good
friends. Jee Hock could not see. He was blind. Meng Kim could not walk. He was
lame. They lived in a village near a forest. Everyone in the village was going
to a rich man’s dinner on the other side of the forest. Jee Hock and Meng Kim
were anxious to attend the dinner too. Blind Jee Hock thought of
a plan. He would carry Meng Kim. The lame man could tell him the way. Meng Kim
said that the plan was a good one. On the way through the
forest, Meng Kim saw a tiger. He did not tell Jee Hock about it. Instead, he
quietly asked Jee Hock to carry him to the nearest tree. Upon reaching an over
banging branch, Meng Kim quickly hauled himself up. Then the
tiger roared. Jee Hock at once knew a tiger was near. He lay down quietly. The
tiger came to him and sniffed his body. The tiger’s whiskers touched Jee Hock’s
nose. At once Jee Hock sneezed, "Ah Choooooo!" The tiger was afraid and ran
away. Then Meng Kim came down from the tree. He asked Jee Hock
about the tiger. Jee Hock said that the tiger had told him to choose his friends
wisely.
单选题Her parents give Cindy everything she asks for, and as a result, she's very ______.
单选题
单选题
单选题Try to work out the problem ______.A. all by yourselfB. by youC. all by yoursD. by your
单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage. For each
numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choice the best one
and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Humans are unique in the extent to
which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are able to
{{U}}(21) {{/U}}, to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future.
A meaningless, {{U}}(22) {{/U}} world is an insecure world. We do not
like extensive insecurity. When it {{U}}(23) {{/U}} to human behavior we
infer meaning and {{U}}(24) {{/U}} to make the behavior
understandable. {{U}} (25) {{/U}} all this means is that
people develop "quasi theories" of human behavior, that is, theories that are
not developed in a(an) {{U}}(26) {{/U}}, scientific manner. When doing
so, people believe they know {{U}}(27) {{/U}} humans do the things they
do. Let's consider an example. In the United States people have
been {{U}}(28) {{/U}} with the increasing amount of crime for several
years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be victims. But it
{{U}}(29) {{/U}} bothers us that people behave in such ways. Why can
such things happen? We develop quasi theories. We {{U}}(30) {{/U}}
concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we {{U}}(31)
{{/U}} it: our criminal justice system is {{U}}(32) {{/U}}; people
have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values weaken {{U}}(33)
{{/U}} the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are {{U}}(34)
{{/U}} drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions. {{U}}(35)
{{/U}} the courts; put more people in jail as examples to other lawbreaker.
There is now hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we
{{U}}(36) {{/U}} these solutions. Again, the world is no longer
meaningless nor {{U}}(37) {{/U}} so threatening. These quasi theories
{{U}}(38) {{/U}} serve a very important function for us. But how
accurate are they? How {{U}}(39) {{/U}} will the suggested solutions be?
These questions must be answered with {{U}}(40) {{/U}} to how people
normally go about developing or attaining their quasi theories of human
behavior.
单选题At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the Untied States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense—a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms to deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment.
Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and America"s " gun culture" are responsible for America"s high rate of murder. In Belleville"s opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among Whites, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assumed gun and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Bellesile"s low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and has thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong.
Given the influence of Kleck, Lott, Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.
单选题It was 1985, and Rafe Esquith was beginning his third year of teaching in Los Angeles public schools. He faced a class of 40 sixth-graders from low-income homes where English rarely was spoken, and the best reader among them was two years below grade level. So, what the beck, he decided to teach them Shakespeare. Five families agreed to let their children play "Macbeth" for two hours after school. This proved to be so much fun that, within weeks, Esquith had 28 kids happily soaking up the drama of blood and betrayal in medieval Scotland. They were learning many words they had never heard before. But when Esquith asked a school district supervisor for official approval, he received this note: " Mr. Esquith, it is not appropriate that you stay after school to teach Shakespeare. It would be better if you did something with the children that is academic. " It would not be the last time that the narrow thinking of bigcity school administration got in Esquith's way. Yet the bearded, 6-foot-tall cyclone has proved that a teacher who thinks very big— much harder lessons, larger projects, extra class time—can help disadvantaged children in ways most educators never imagine. This was difficult at first, until he stumbled upon a concept of teaching that is at the core of his success. American children, even those from hardworking immigrant cultures, have in Esquith's view been wrongly taught that learning should always be fun, by teachers who think hard lessons are bad for kids from low-income homes. When faced with something difficult, such 'students don't know what to do. The Declaration of Independence says Americans are entitled to the pursuit of happiness, but the emphasis in public schooling has been on the happiness, he believes. "What happened to pursuit?" Esquith said. So he has created an entirely new universe in his classroom, cherishing effort and the slogan, "There Are No Shortcuts". As for their own dramatic performances, Esquith got around the original ban on his after-school "Macbeth" rehearsals by switching to Thornton Wilder's " Our Town. " When that class finally performed the Shakespeare play, a school district supervisor showed up. The high-ranking district administrator came up afterward and shook his hand. "Rare," she said, " I've never seen Shakespeare done better. /
单选题
单选题Much attention is presently being given to what is termed "functional illiteracy". This should not be confused with the problem of illiteracy, that is, the inability to read and write. Current United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) figures indicate that 99 percent of all Americans are literate, the same figure assigned to nations such as Britain, Germany. Functional illiteracy, by contrast, is concerned with how much difficulty people have in actually using and writing skills in everyday situations. This might be interpreted, for example, as the relative ability to understand federal income tax forms, or printed instructions, or how well someone can write a letter of complaint, or apply in writing for a job.
There are no agreed-upon (达成一致的) definitions of What functional illiteracy is and, in practice, definitions vary widely. For many years, reading tests have been used throughout the country which define reading ability by grade level. "Tenth-grade reading level" for instance, would be the average reading score of all pupils who have completed ten years of school. There are, of course, many different reading tests and types of tests. One definition of functional illiteracy holds that anyone is "illiterate" who reads at less than an eighth-grade level. Another common definition uses a twelfth-grade level (the last year of high school in the U.S.).
There seems to be general agreement that at least one-tenth of all Americans are functionally illiterate in English to some degree. It is also hardly surprising that those nations which (like the U.S.) have paid most attention to this concept, and which have nation-wide testing, have found the greatest problems. As one educator humorously put it, "Reading tests cause illiteracy". Canada, for example, which also has a large non-English-speaking immigrant population, has recently found that many of her citizens, too, are functionally illiterate. The attention given to this problem, therefore, reflects the fact that in North America schools as well as pupils are continually tested.
单选题The expression "tip service" (Line 3, Paragraph 3 ) most probably means ______.
单选题On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (1) themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (2) 10 percent of the previous years government (3) ; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (4) macroeconomic policies; and (5) up a common central bank. Their declaration (6) that, "Member States (7) the need (8) strong political commitment and (9) to (10) all such national policies (11) would facilitate the regional monetary integration process." The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (12) broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (13) institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (14) independence, (15) , these currency boards were (16) , with the (17) of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to (18) inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in I999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (19) in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (20) .
单选题Even in fresh water sharks hunt and kill. The Thresher shark, capable of lifting a small boat out of the water, has been sighted a mile inland on the Fowey River in Corn-wall. Killer sharks swim rivers to reach Lake Nicaragua in Central America; they average one human victim each year. Sewage and garbage attract sharks inland. When floods carry garbage to the rivers they provide a rich diet which sometimes stimulates an epidemic of shark attacks. Warm water generally provides shark food, and a rich diet inflames the shark's aggression. In British waters sharks usually swim peacefully between ten and twenty miles off- shore where warm water currents fatten mackerel and pilchards for their food. But the shark is terrifyingly unpredictable. One seaman was severely mauled as far north as Wick in Scotland. Small boats have been attacked in the English Channel, Irish Sea and North Sea. Most of the legends about sharks are founded in ugly fact. Even a relatively small shark--a 200 lb. Zambezi--can sever a man's leg with one bite, Sharks have up to seven rows of teeth and as one front tooth is damaged or lost another moves forward to take its place. The shark never sleeps. Unlike most fish, it has no air bladder, and it must move constantly to avoid sinking. It is a primitive creature, unchanged for sixty million years of evolution. Its skin is without the specialized scales of a fish. Fully grown, it still has five pairs of separate gills like a three-week human embryo. But it is a brilliantly efficient machine. Its skin carries nerve endings which can detect vibrations from fish moving several miles away. Its sense of smell, the function of most of its brain, can detect one p. art in 600,000 of tuna fish juice in water, or the blood of a fish or animal from a quarter of a mile away. It is colour blind, and sees best in deep water, but it can distinguish shapes and patterns of light and shade easily. Once vibrations and smell have placed its prey the shark sees well enough to home in by vision for the last fifty feet. The shark eats almost anything. It will gobble old tin cans and broken bottles as well as fish, animals and humans. Beer bottles, shoes, wrist watches, car number plates, overcoats and other sharks have been found in dead sharks. Medieval records tell of entire human corpses still encased in armour. The United States military advice on repelling sharks is to stay clothed--sharks go for exposed flesh, especially the feet. Smooth swimming at the surface is essential. Frantic splashing will simply attract sharks, and dropping below the surface makes the swimmer an easy target. If the shark gets close, then is the time to kick, thrash and hit out. A direct hit on the snout, gills, or eyes will drive away most sharks. The exception is the Great White shark. It simply kills you.
单选题"Have you made the hotel reservation?" "Not yet, but I ______."
单选题If you want to reduce your fat in a specific part, you ______.
单选题A: I thought you were Working until 6:30.
B: ______, but we finished our meeting at 5:30 and were let go.
单选题To ______ their new shampoo, they are selling it at half price for a month. A. progress B. proceed C. promote D. propose
单选题By citing figures from the EPA, the author seems to contend that ______.
单选题I couldn't sleep because the tap in the bathroom was______.(北京大学2008年试题)
单选题Mary had taken ______ to see that her guests had everything that they
could possibly want.
A. efforts
B. pains
C. attempts
D. advantage
单选题All the following works are written by John Updike EXCEPT______.
单选题It is reported that the thirty-ninth president of America Jimmy Carter has won the Nobel Prize ______ peace in the year of 2002.A. inB. onC. atD. for
单选题Customer: I' d like to send this gift to a friend in Italy.
Clerk :______
A. Have you got anything to declare?
B. How nice !
C. I' m pleased to service you.
D. Could you fill out this form?
单选题It's clearly stated that you ______ copy the site without written permission from the webmaster.
单选题It ______ him ten years to write that novel.
单选题______ as the best student, John was given a medal. A. Regarded B. Regarding C. To regard D. Being regarded
单选题______is a phenomenon that in some speech communities two languages exist side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes.
单选题It was requested that the President ______ the students a performance at the New Year's party.
单选题We agreed to pay for the car in five______.
单选题Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of " reference".（北二外2005研)
单选题Spain"s government is now
championing
a cause called "right to be forgotten". It has ordered Google to stop indexing information about 90 citizens who filed formal complaints with its Data Protection Agency. All 90 people wanted information deleted from the Web. Among them was a
victim
of domestic violence who discovered that her address could easily be found through Google. Another, well into middle age now, thought it was unfair that a few computer key
strokes
could unearth an account of her arrest in her college days.
They might not have received much of a hearing in the United States, where Google is based and where courts have consistently found that the right to publish the truth about someone"s past supersedes any right to privacy.
But here, as elsewhere in Europe, an idea has taken hold —individuals should have a "right to be forgotten" on the Web.
In fact, the phrase "right to be forgotten" is being used to cover a
batch
of issues,
ranging from those in the Spanish case to the behavior of companies seeking to make money from private information that can be collected on the Web.
Spain"s Data Protection Agency believes that search engines have
altered
the process by which most data ends up forgotten—and therefore
adjustments
need to be made. The deputy director of the agency, Jesfis Rubi, pointed to the official government
gazette
(公报), which used to publish every weekday, including
bankruptcy auctions
, official pardons, and who passed the civil service exams. Usually 220 pages of fine print, it quickly ended up gathering dust on various backroom shelves. The information was still there, but not easily accessible. Then two years ago, the 350-year-old publication went online, making it possible for embarrassing information—no matter how old—to be obtained easily.
The publisher of the government publication, Fernando Pérez, said it was meant to
foster transparency
. Lists of scholarship winners, for instance, make it hard for the government officials to
steer
all the money to their own children. "But maybe, " he said, "there is information that has a life cycle and only has value for a certain time. "
Many Europeans are broadly uncomfortable with the way personal information is found by search engines and used for commerce. When ads pop up on one"s screen, clearly linked to subjects that are of interest to him, one may find it Orwellian. A recent
poll
conducted by the European Union found that most Europeans agree. Three out of four said they were worried about how Internet companies used their information and wanted the right to delete personal data at any time. Ninety percent wanted the European Union to take action on the right to be forgotten.
Experts say that Google and other search engines see some of these court cases as an assault on a principle of law already established—that search engines are essentially not responsible for the information they corral from the Web, and hope the Spanish court agrees.
The companies believe if there are privacy issues, the complainants should address those who posted the material on the Web. But some experts in Europe believe that search engines should probably be reined in. "They are the ones that are spreading the word. Without them no one would find these things. "
单选题I ______ for the bus for the past 20 minutes and still it has not come. A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. have been waiting
单选题The Prime Minister denied that the president ______ any information about the transfer and transaction of the nuclear weapons in North Korea.
单选题Most American politicians say they support marriage, but few do much about it, except perhaps to sound off about the illusory threat to it from gays. The public are divided. Few want to go back to the attitudes or divorce laws of the 1950s. But many at both ends of the political spectrum lament the fragility of American families and would change, at least, the way the tax code penalises many couples who marry. And some politicians want the state to draw attention to benefits of marriage, as it does to the perils of smoking. George Bush is one.
Since last year, his administration has been handing out grants to promote healthy marriages. This is a less preachy enterprise than you might expect. Sidonie Squier, the bureaucrat in charge, does not argue that divorce is wrong: "If you"re being abused, you should get out." Nor does she think the government should take a view on whether people should have pre-marital sex.
Her budget for boosting marriage is tiny: $100m a year, or about what the Defence Department spends every two hours. Some of it funds research into what makes a relationship work well and whether outsiders can help. Most of the rest goes to groups that try to help couples get along better, some of which are religiously-inspired. The first 124 grants were disbursed only last September, so it is too early to say whether any of this will work. But certain approaches look hopeful.
One is "marriage education". The army already does this. About 35,000 soldiers this year will get a 12-hour course on how to communicate better with their partners, and how to resolve disputes without throwing plates. It costs about $300 per family. Given that it costs $50,000 to recruit and train a rifleman, and that marital problems are a big reason why soldiers quit, you don"t have to save many marriages for this to be cost-effective, says Peter Frederich, the chaplain in charge.
Several studies have shown that such courses do indeed help couples communicate better and quarrel less bitterly. As to whether they prevent divorce, a meta-analysis by Jason Carroll and William Doherty concluded that the jury was still out. The National Institutes of Health is paying for a five-year study of Mr Frederich"s soldiers to shed further light on the issue.
At the end of the day, says Ms Squier, the government"s influence over the culture of marriage will be marginal. Messages from movies, peers and parents matter far more. But she does not see why, for example, the government"s only contact with an unmarried father should be to demand that he pay child support. By not even mentioning marriage, the state is implying that no one expects him to stick around. Is that a helpful message?
单选题She's fainted. Throw some water on her face and she may soon ______. A. come round B. come back C. come again D. come out
单选题The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.【C1】______these wide modern roads are generally【C2】______and well maintained. With【C3】______sharp curves(弯道)and many【C4】______sections, a direct route is not always【C5】______enjoyable one. Large highways often pass【C6】______scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally【C7】______large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with【C8】______traffic during rush hours, when the "fast, direct" way becomes a very【C9】______route. However, there【C10】______almost always another route to take【C11】______you are not in a hurry. Not far【C12】______the relatively new "superhighways" , there are often older,【C13】______heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside.【C14】______of these are good two-lane(双车道)roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may【C15】______steep slopes(陡坡), along high cliffs, or down frightening hillsides to towns【C16】______in deep valleys. Through these less direct【C17】______, longer and slower, they generally go to places【C18】______the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a【C19】______to get a fresh, clean【C20】______of the world.
单选题"Professional qualification" does not include ______.
单选题In the war many children were ______ from the cities to the countryside.
单选题I want to have this ______ by tomorrow morning. A. fix B. fixes C. fixed D. fixing
单选题Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U. S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U. S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $ 190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U. S. agricultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step is necessary to " promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations". It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November's mid-term elections. Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $ 14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. It's not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Uganda's Minister of Finance. "What we want is for the rich countries to let us complete. " Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output. This is no pie-in-the-sky speculation. The biggest success in Kenya's economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the " least-developed country" status that allows African producers to avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works: American's African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proven a boon to Africa's manufacturers. The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go. This is what makes Bush's decision to increase farm subsidies last month all the more depressing. Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges trade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets. Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago. But last November members of the World Trade Organization, meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles. Rich countries assured poor countries, that their concerns were finally being addressed. Bush's Handout last month makes a lie of America's commitment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.
单选题______he treated the Indians tells us something about his personality.
单选题Crocodiles are ______ from the age of dinosaurs.
单选题His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his______ as he developed his own technique. (2006年中南大学考博试题)
单选题If women are mercilessly exploited (剥削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe (衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
Changing the fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn"t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women"s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.
By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" (Para. 4), the writer means that ______.
单选题The passage tells us that in the dream world there is/are
单选题The Republican Party has lost its mind. To win elections, a party needs votes, obviously, and constituencies. First, however, it needs ideas. In 1994--95, the Republican Party had after long struggle advanced a coherent, compelling set of political ideas expressed in a specific legislative agenda. The political story of 1996 is that this same party, within the space of six weeks, then became totally, shockingly intellectually deranged. Then, astonishingly, on the very moment of their philosophical victory, just as the Republicans prepared to carry these ideas into battle in November, came cannon fire from the rear. Pat Buchanan first came out to declare a general insurrection. The enemy, according to Buchanan, is not the welfare state. It is that conservative icon, capitalism, with its ruthless captains of industry, greedy financiers and political elites (Republicans included, of course). All three groups collaborate to let foreigners--immigrants, traders, parasitic foreign-aid loafers--destroy the good life of the ordinary American worker. Buchananism would support and wield a big and mighty government apparatus to protect the little guy from buffeting, a government that builds trade walls and immigrant-repelling fences, that imposes punitive taxes on imports, and that polices the hiring and firing practices of business with the arrogance of the most zealous forcer. Republicans have focused too much on the mere tactical dangers posed by this assault. Yes, it gives ammunition to the Democrats. Yes, it puts the eventual nominee through a bruising campaign and delivers him tarnished and drained into the ring against Bill Clinton. But the real danger is philosophical, not tactical. It is axioms, not just policies, that are under fire. The Republican idea of smaller government is being ground to dust--by Republicans. In the middle of an election year, when they should be honing their themes against Democratic liberalism, Buchanan's rise is forcing a pointless rearguard battle against a philosophical corpse, the obsolete paleoconservatism--a mix of nativism, protectionism and isolationism--of the 1930s. As the candidates' debate in Arizona last week showed, the entire primary campaign will be fought on Buchanan's grounds, fending off his Smoot-Hawley-Franco populism. And then what? After the convention, what does the nominee do? Try to resurrect the anti-welfare state themes of the historically successful '94 congressional campaign? Political parties can survive bruising primary battles. They cannot survive ideological meltdown. Dole and Buchanan say they are fighting for the heart and soul of the Republican Party. Heart and soul, however, will get you nowhere when you've lost your way--and your mind.
单选题In the following word ______, the articulation of bilabial is not manifested.
单选题(Such ) crimes (may be) (too) complex (that) months or years go by before anyone discovers them.
单选题After a day's hard work, he was ______ tired.
A. dead
B. deadly
C. die
D. dying
单选题It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxed in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace. Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss" job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top—and on the way up—executives are exceedingly dedicated. The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has Utile time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing. These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor"s admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels. Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search firms", is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other"s managerial ranks.
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单选题Flannery O'Connor, (which) wrote novels and stories about (the) American south, was best known (for) her portrayals of (social) and religious fanaticism(狂热).
单选题During the ______ test, students must select answers.
单选题When they moved into their new house, they decided to ______ most of their old furniture.
单选题—What do you think of the film?
—Oh, I"ve never seen
单选题Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more______than the wooden box. A. terminal B. durable C. persistent D. bearable
单选题On 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him ______ at the time and which later became material for his books.(2005年中国科学院考博试题)
单选题1 The period of adolescence, i.e. , the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short depending on social expectations and on society's definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence was frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial society with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one's life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and eco- nomic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the fron- tier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society. In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recog- nition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status, roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increase his social status by pro- viding him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver's license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights. The young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for pubic office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after maturity status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what points adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
单选题During the 1950s, there appeared a group of young writers in Britain who were fiercely critical of the established order. They were called______.
单选题Listening is an extremely complex communicative activity. In order to have a better understanding, to anticipate what is coming is very important. An effective listener should continuously develop more or less specific readiness for what will come next. If a listener hears what he has expected, it will be much easier for him to receive the information. But if what he hears is totally out of his expectation, he will fail to get the message.
The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the listener"s familiarity with the theme (主题) of the message. It also depends on the listener"s knowledge of the speaker as well as the situation.
Obviously, when we listen to something that we already have some information about, it is generally much easier tor us to take in the new information. Therefore, pre-listening preparation seems to play an important role in increasing our comprehension. Before actual listening, we could perhaps first give some thought to the topic, discuss it with others, and then read some related material and do some vocabulary work. If we could make ourselves fully prepared for the coming talks or lectures, we are more likely to become effective listeners.
Of course, readiness beforehand is not at all enough. Active thinking must take place all the way through. In fact, we should always try to think ahead of the speaker.
单选题He expressed his gratitude to her for her favorable help with the experiment.
单选题After she graduated from high school, Julia worked in a shoe store while auditioning for acting jobs. Though didn't get hired for a year.
单选题This passage implies that the high cost of renting apartments is worried by ______.
单选题What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5) for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults don't think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fit the (11) . It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren't any early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken description of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17) --Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。
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单选题Cheap coal ______ a lot of smoke.
单选题Soaring rates of interest have recently made it difficult for young couples to buy their own homes.
单选题The author' mentions the 195g measles outbreak most probably in order to
单选题 The Tuscan town of Vinci, birthplace of Leonardo and
home to a museum of his machines, should fittingly put on a show of the
television-robot sculptures of Nam Jun Paik. This Korean-born American artist
and the Renaissance master are kindred spirits: Leonardo saw humanistic
potential in his scientific experiments, Mr. Paik endeavors to harness media
technology for artistic purposes. A pioneer of video art in the late 1960s, he
treats television as a space for art images and as material for robots and
interactive sculptures. Mr. Paik was not alone. He and
fellow artists picked on the video cameras because they offered an easy way to
record their performance art. Now, to mark video art's coming of age, New York's
Museum of Modern Art is looking back at their efforts in a film series called
"The First Decade". It celebrates the early days of video by screening the
archives of Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI), one of the world's leading
distributors of video and new media art, founded 30 years ago.
One of EAI's most famous alumni is Bill Viola. Part of the second generation of
video artists, who emerged in the 1970s, Mr. Viola experimented with video's
expressive potential His camera explores religious ritual and universal ideas.
The Viola show at the Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin shows us moving-image
frescoes that cover the gallery walls and envelop the viewer in all-embracing
cycles of life and death. One new star is a Californian, Doug
Aitken, who took over London's Serpentine Gallery last October with an
installation called "New Ocean". Some say Mr. Aitken is to video what Jackson
Pollock was to painting. He drips his images from floor to ceiling, creating
sequences of rooms in which the space surrounds the viewer in hallucinatory
images, of sound and light. At the Serpentine, Mr. Aitken
created a collage of moving images, on the theme of water's flow around the
planet as a force of life. "I wanted to create a new topography in this work, a
liquid image, to show a world that never stands still," he says. The boundary
between the physical world and the world of images and information, he thinks,
is blurring. The interplay of illusion and reality, sound and
image, references to art history, politics, film and television in this art form
that is barely 30 years old can make video art difficult to define. Many call it
film-based or moving-image art to include artists who work with other cinematic
media. At its best, the appeal of video art lies in its versatility, its power
to capture the passing of time and on its ability to communicate both inside and
outside gallery walls.
单选题It is hard to think of a field in which it is not important to ________ what is likely to happen and act accordingly.
单选题The sentence "He cannot help it" (Par
单选题Many theories concerning juvenile delinquency suggest that children commit crimes in ______to their failure to rise above their socio-economic status.
单选题On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active” euthanasia (安乐死):intentionally administering a lethal (致死的)drug to a terminally iii patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. "Active" euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books, punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted. Euthanasia, often called "mercy killing" is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses readily admit to practicing it, most often in the "passive" form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a, sometimes, fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves upholding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia ill some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings. Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936, when a bill was introduced in the House of Lords that would have legalized mercy killing under very tightly supervised conditions. That bill failed, as have three others introduced in the House of Lords since then. Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer: Therefore, lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death. And the euthanasists argue that every human being should have the right to "die with dignity," by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization (住院治疗). Most experts believe that euthanasia will continue to be practiced no matter what the law says.
单选题Once you have started a job, you should do it______.
单选题People are more ______ to spend money on goods with an attractive look than those without.
单选题The concert was ______ start at eight o' clock, but the conductor did not come until a quarter past.
单选题 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada
inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy
has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical
depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure.
Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable
when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system
can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this
greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically
programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all
understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a
problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,
we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The
most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their
inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often
offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically
justified. In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health
care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is
unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude
that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical
care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado
governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm "have a
duty todie and get out of the way" , so that younger, healthier people can
realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic
people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly
productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.
Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon
general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders
are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health
problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as
productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a
society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and
dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in
Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved
longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the
quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that
could improve people's lives.
单选题For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up with their work, they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In
1
a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend
2
can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are
3
readers. Most of us develop poor reading
4
at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency
5
in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have
6
meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.
7
, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to
8
words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over
9
you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which
10
down the speed of reading is vocalization (发声) —sounding each word either orally or mentally as
11
reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an
12
, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate
13
the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast,
14
word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization practically impossible. At first
15
is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster,
16
your comprehension will improve. Many people have found
17
reading skill drastically improved after some training.
18
Chalice Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute
19
the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can
20
a lot more reading material in a short period of time.
单选题A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital. The status (1) the sick role; another role as the (2) of other patients; still another role as the "appreciative" receiver of the (3) and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines, and other small items (4) from a hospital attendant; and a role as (5) of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your (6) as a family member. Your status includes a variety of roles, (7) , parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Clearly, a role does not (8) in a social vacuum; it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this (9) there can be no professors without students, no husbands without wives, no whites without nonwhites, and no lawyers without (10) . Roles affect us as sets of norms that (11) our duties—the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform, and our right—the actions we can (12) insist that others perform. Every role has at least one (13) role attached to it; the rights of one role are the (14) of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have rights—our society says they do not have to (15) in usual ways until they get well. (16) sick people also have the duty to get well and "not enjoy themselves too much". The sick role also entails an (17) to another party—the physician. The physician must (18) the patient as trying to get well—this is the physician's right and the patient's duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincere—the (19) right and the physician's duty. It should come as no surprise (20) the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.
单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}}
In the next century we'll be able to
alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new
life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral
issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, "Had I the right, for my own
benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?" Will such questions
require us to develop new moral philosophies? Probably not.
Instead, we'll reach again for a time-tested moral concept; one sometimes called
the Golden Rule and which Kant, the millennium's most prudent moralist, conjured
up into a categorical imperative, Do unto others as you would have them do unto
you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some
end. Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning,
because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans' ends and
valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not
as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy,
that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities
but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ,
physical appearance, gender and sexuality). The biotech age will
also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave
New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the
state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will
have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies,
can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate
against us. Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that
could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to
mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With
that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences
that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from
a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a
"dry-ware" machine, so that we could live on without the "wet-ware" of a
biological brain and body. The 20th century's revolution in infotechnology will
thereby merge with the 21st century's revolution in biotechnology. But this is
science fiction. Let's turn the page now and get back to real
science.
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单选题With the debt crisis and the weakening economy fresh on their minds, most Americans have probably concluded that government, as a rule, cannot manage money responsibly. But it can. Just look at Montana. For six years it has been one of the only states in America with a budget surplus: this year it is a record of $433 million, proportionally equivalent to a federal surplus of $858 billion. Thus we"ve been able to cut taxes, invest in education and infrastructure and keep essential services intact. We recently got our first bond rating upgrade in 26 years.
How do we accomplish what most states and the federal government cannot? I like to say we run government like a ranch. In ranching, you either pinch pennies or go bankrupt. We do the same in government. For one thing, we challenge every expense. If it isn"t absolutely necessary, we eliminate it. Little things added up: we renegotiated state contracts, cut our energy consumption by 20 percent, auctioned off state vehicles and canceled building projects and computer upgrades. The federal budget contains thousands of similar line items. A government serious about tightening its belt would eliminate them all.
But we don"t just cut costs. Like good ranchers, we also leave some grain in the barn in case of drought. When times were good, we stored away cash in a special savings account. The account proved to be a big help in getting us through the recession in solid financial shape. I cannot recall the federal government"s ever banking surplus funds in a protected account, even during the surplus-laden 1990s. If Washington ever digs out of the current hole and runs a cash balance, Congress should likewise put some grain in the barn.
And even as we"ve cut costs and stored away money, we"ve followed another ranching principle: treat your ranch hands with respect. Like other states, we"ve had to freeze employee pay and reduce the work force. But as in any good organization, many of the best solutions for cutting costs come from state employees. Some look at payroll as a burden; we look at it as human capital, and we work hard to keep up morale in tough times. So when we cut the state payroll, I cut my own salary. Sadly, many politicians, especially in Washington, seem to take advantage of the opportunity to trash government workers. This is just cheap and ugly scapegoating. More to the point, it does nothing to produce bottom-line results.
Finally, we don"t spend money until we"ve found the lowest price. When the real estate market softened, we told commercial landlords who rented space to the state that if we didn"t see rent reductions, we"d move to cheaper premises when our leases were up.
There are savings to be found everywhere in government. Now that federal spending is the country"s top issue, Washington should try doing what any rancher or family household does.
单选题He was______by the army because of his poor eye-sight.
单选题Which of the following pairs of characters does not form a contrast of ideas between them?______
单选题Their attempts to evade taxes turned out to be futile.
单选题______ Is there any possible way to help them get rid of such a bad habit? --To tell the truth, it' s very hard. But we ______ on this problem. A. worked B. had worked C. are working D. had been working
单选题Several trial efforts in the 1980s proved that it was financially ______ to restore old buildings.(2003年北京大学考博试题)
单选题Unlike Keynesianism, monetarism eschews direct government control by means of taxation and spending ______ imposing limits on the nation"s money supply.
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单选题Three people______to help decorate the gym for the dance.
单选题When you are making a speech, always remember to keep it short and ______. A. to the point B. in a sense C. by all means D. in other words
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单选题In the third paragraph, Dr Laragh implies that ______.
单选题______ they think it will come to an end through the hands of God, or a natural disaster or a political event, whatever the reason, nearly 15 percent of people worldwide think the end of the world is coming, according to a new poll. A. Either B. Whether C. Neither D. If
单选题The most appropriate title for this text could be ______.
单选题By signing the lease you made a(n) ______ to pay $ 300 a month rent.
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Some of the problems that{{U}} (41)
{{/U}}people in the U.S.{{U}} (42) {{/U}}in the cities during old
days are still{{U}} (43) {{/U}}us -- poor planning, problems in{{U}}
(44) {{/U}}neighborhoods, and public transportation.
{{U}} (45) {{/U}}was a very important for city governments in the
last century,{{U}} (46) {{/U}}regard to water supplies, it was known
that water could be polluted,{{U}} (47) {{/U}}they didn't know{{U}}
(48) {{/U}}. Trying to get pure water was a big problem.
People like to talk about the{{U}} (49) {{/U}}old days, but
actually, the cities of the 19th century were dirty and,{{U}} (50)
{{/U}}, filthier than today.{{U}} (51) {{/U}}disease was a great{{U}}
(52) {{/U}}. There was still smallpox(天花) and also yellow fever and
malaria. The{{U}} (53) {{/U}}death rate was high, and there were other
dangers as well. {{U}} (54) {{/U}}true that people were
not being killed by cars.{{U}} (55) {{/U}}, they often were killed or
seriously{{U}} (56) {{/U}}by runaway horses. It was quite
common. Planning of cities and their{{U}} (57) {{/U}}was
controlled by{{U}} (58) {{/U}}speculators and real estate(不动产){{U}}
(59) {{/U}}who were only interested in{{U}} (60)
{{/U}}money.
单选题In the very beginning, I didn"t ______ my neighbours, however, we are in very good relationship now.
单选题Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict? Certainly not by the side a person supported. Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption that Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic classes.(It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.)Looking at the rebel side, we find little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society(with the obvious exception of slaves)usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid—though recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed—that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like "the better sort. " Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism. Having said this, however, one must add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. The "Paxton Boys" incident and the Regulator movement are representative examples of the widespread, and justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominated by eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict—which also existed between North and South—deserves further investigation. In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.
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单选题What is recommended to combat the vampire power? A．To download a power-management tool. B．To stop using screensavers, especially photo screensavers. C．To make good use of a master power strip like the Smart Strip Power Strip. D．To shut down the computer when not using it.
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单选题There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium". In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or super natural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun—as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater"s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales(about the hunt, war, or other feats)are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
单选题They rarely study natural events, and only in so far as they ______ on the human world.
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单选题If a client of Amazing Tours falls ill, _______.
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单选题Thehousethat______inthefloodsmustberebuiltbeforewintercomes.
单选题In order to help the students get a better understanding of the new conception, the professor ______ it with many examples.(2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)
单选题 The love affair with business started in the 1980s
and has grown into a mighty passion backed not just by money but by glamour and
class. In 2009 the money ran out, but the mood was one of such chaos and
confusion that it was hard to tell what was going on underneath. In 2010 it will
become clear that the class and glamour are draining away from business too. It
will be the end of the affair: business will be cool no longer.
Throughout this affair the business schools played the role of cupid. First,
they made the study of business into an (almost) respectable academic
discipline. More importantly, they made it socially acceptable, something even
the classiest person could aspire to. But in 2010, for the
second year running, tens of thousands of overqualified MBAs will emerge with
nowhere exciting to go. A very few will land jobs in investment banking, but
those who want grand jobs in big companies or consultancies will be
disappointed. Increasingly they will go crawling back to their old employers to
do pretty much whatever they were doing before for pretty much the same money,
thus making them question whether it is really worth the ＄160,000 that a top MBA
costs. This is not going to be a little recessionary dip. It
will be a more fundamental reappraisal. The magical myth of the MBA has for some
time left the facts behind. In future, those who stump up will do so because
they want to learn the skills, not because they think they are buying entry into
a cool and exclusive club. Some good things will follow from
this. There will be fewer smart Alecs who think they know it all pouring into
companies. There has been a bear market in management bullshit since the credit
Chinch began. In 2010 the decline of the MBA will cut off the supply of bullshit
at source. Pretentious ideas about business will be in retreat. But there will
be bad things too: if fewer bright, ambitious people go into business, economies
may suffer. Instead the talent will go increasingly into the public sector, the
law, medicine-which are already bursting with bright people as it is.
While the decline of the B-schools will weaken the glamour of business in
general, the government will do its bit too with increasing regulation. In
2010,being a board director of a listed company will never have been less fun:
not only will the procedural side be more demanding, there will be even greater
public hysteria over what directors are paid. And with those at the top having
such a grim time, it is unrealistic to expect any excitement at the
bottom.
单选题She bought various ______, which later reminded her of the trip to Thailand. A. segments B. assignments C. pests D. souvenirs
单选题But just how long Walton can A
hold firm to
his folksy habits with celebrity hunters B
keep following
him C
wherever he goes
is D
anyone"s guess
.
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单选题In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva, lies a collection of laboratories and buildings, and most curious of ally a circular mound (36) more than 650 feet in diameter. This cluster has unique importance. It is Europe's (37) atomic city dedicated to investigating the atom for peaceful purposes. The strange buildings (38) the European Council for Nuclear Research, more popularly known, from their French initials as CERV. The council was (39) when a handful of statesmen and scientific experts met in Paris in 1950. Their aim was to " (40) an organization providing for cooperation among European states in nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character." The CERV agreement was signed in 1953, and work on the atomic city began in 1954. Today CERV's (41) are among the most modern and the most diversified in the world. Impressive as the scientific aspect may be, the real significance of CKRV may lie (42) the thousand people—scientists, lab workers, and administrative—group drawn from the fourteen member nations (43) populate it. British engineers work (44) with Swiss electricians and Yugoslav nuclear physicists. The official languages are French and English, with German an unofficial third. But CFRV is (45) tower of Babel—the language of science is universal and all-embracing.
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单选题The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers ______ for.
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单选题Confronted with the new groups of cosmic reality, many educated men ______.
单选题The news report tells us that when the crash occurred ______.
单选题A. birthday B. birthplace C. brief D. break
单选题As long as we are alive, we are learning and, in fact, some of our most
important learning takes place outside of school ______ in school.
A. better than
B. rather than
C. other than
D. more than
单选题We mention the importance of giving up smoking once and again, but hardly______it.
单选题Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had ______ two days
before.
A. broken off
B. passed off
C. given away
D. passed away
单选题"Round many western islands have I been Which bards in fealty to Apollo hold. "The above lines are quoted from John Keats" poem " On First Looking into Chapman"s Homer".The Phrase "western islands" also refers to ______.
单选题To save class time, our teacher has ______ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A) us B) we C) our D) ours
单选题I can respect someone who is______for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.
单选题We decided to ______ roses in the front garden.
单选题To maintain public______is not only the policemen's duty but also every citizen's responsibility. A. custom B. confidence C. security D. simplicity
单选题Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy (21) it to their pets. Market studies show that two thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to the dogs. (22) , says William Tyznik, an expert in animal nutrition at Ohio State University, "ice cream is not good for dogs. It has milk sugar in it, " he says, "which dogs cannot (23) very well. " (24) by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to (25) their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice cream-and as much (26) to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product of cheese and milk with the sugar (27) Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It (28) Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz) and (29) dog focd (named Tizbits) , three years to (30) the Frosty Paws formulas, and two (31) to commercialize it. After losing $25,000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to associated lee Cream of Westerville, Ohio, which makes the product and (32) it in cups. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested (33) and that "dogs love it". Of 1,400 dogs that have been (34) the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first (35) Three out of four (36) it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be (37) in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in (38) of three or four cups, costing about $1.79. What would happen (39) a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? "Nothing, " says Tyznik. "It's (40) , but frankly, it won't taste very good. /
单选题— How long has he been in the army? — Oh, he joined the army as far ______ as 1997.A. agoB. awayC. fromD. back
单选题Speaker A: Can you tell me something about your company?Speaker B:________. Our company was established in 1953. We produce a wide variety of electronic equipment,
单选题Plastic sheeting should be wrapped around the tree in winner to ______ it from the wind and the frost.
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单选题Cleaning woman in big cities usually get ______ by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay
单选题{{B}}Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:{{/B}}
Venus (金星) is known as the earth's
"twin" because the two planets are so like each other in size. The diameter of
Venus is about 7, 520 miles (12,100 km. ), smaller than that of the earth. No
other planet comes closer to the earth than Venus. At its nearest approach it is
about 25,000,000 miles (40,2000,000 km. ) away. As seen from the
earth, Venus is the first planet or star that can be seen in the western sky in
the evening. At other times, it is the last planet or star that can be seen in
the eastern sky in the morning. When Venus is near its brightest point, it can
be seen in daylight. Early astronomers called the object that appeared in the
evening Hesperus, and Phosphorus in the morning. Later, they realized these two
objects were the same planet. They named it Venus in honor of the Roman goddess
of love and beauty.
单选题There are two spare rooms in the building, (neither) of (them) (has) been provided (with) modern facilities.
单选题Baroque has been the term used by art historians for almost a century to ______ the dominant style of the period 1600--1750. A. determine B. designate C. devise D. depict
单选题I took ______ tea than you.
A. less
B. few
C. fewer
D. little
单选题"A roiling stone gathers no moss (苔藓)," but there is one living animal that does gather moss, the three-toed sloth (树懒) of South America. This slowest-moving member of the animal kingdom is so inactive that moss actually gathers on its body and turns it green—strange as it seems!
Most of the sloth"s life is spent motionless, hanging upside down from a limb. And that is the way its hair grows. Long and coarse, the strands (串) from receptacles (花托) for the damp jungle algae (水藻) that turn the brown fur a mossy green. Actually this moss helps the animal survive because it serves as a perfect camouflage against the leaf trees and hides the sloth from the jungle"s swift-moving hunters. The sloth would have little chance of survival on the ground. With long, curved claws hooked over the limb of a leafy tree, it spends the long hot hours during the day drowsing and eating. Inch by inch, it strips the leafy limbs bare and crawls slowly down the trunk to find a new dining spot, but only at night.
In addition to looking rather like a vegetable, the sloth is a strict vegetarian. Running out of its favorite leaf is about the only thing that will make a sloth move. Then its appetite may even force the animal into swimming a stream to reach a juicy succulent (多汁的植物). It will also force it into fighting to keep the tree all to itself. The sloth is lazy and prefers to be alone, but it will tolerate its own relatives!
单选题—Can I pay the bill by check? —Sorry, sir. But it is our rule that payment ______ be made in cash. A. can B. need C. shall D. will
单选题He is the only person who can ______ in this case because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously. [A] testify [B] charge [C] accuse [D] rectify
单选题 (21) summary of the physical and chemical (22) of life must begin, not on the Earth, but (23) the Sun; in fact, (24) the Sun's very center. (25) is here that is to be found the (26) of the energy that the Sun constantly (27) space (28) light and heat. This energy is liberated at the center of the Sun as billions upon billions of nuclei hydrogen atoms (29) each other and (30) to form nuclei of helium, and, (31) doing so, (32) some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. The output of light and heat of the Sun (33) that some 600 million tons of hydrogen (34) helium in the Sun every second. This the Sun (35) for several thousands of millions of years.