单选题The American Cancer Society, which has long been a staunch defender of most cancer screening, is now saying that the benefits of detecting many cancers, especially breast and prostate, have been overstated. It is quietly working on a message, to put on its Web site early next year, to emphasize that screening for breast and prostate cancers and certain other cancers can come with a real risk of over treating many small cancers while missing cancers that are deadly. The cancer society"s decision to reconsider its message about the risks as well as potential benefits of screening was spurred in part by an analysis published Wednesday in The Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer of the cancer society, said. In it, researchers report a 40 percent increase in breast cancer diagnoses and a near doubling of early stage cancers, but just a 10 percent decline in cancers that have spread beyond the breast to the lymph nodes or elsewhere in the body. With prostate cancer, the situation is similar, the researchers report. If breast and prostate cancer screening really fulfilled their promise, the researchers note, cancers that once were found late, when they were often incurable, would now be found early, when they could be cured. A large increase in early cancers would be balanced by a corresponding decline in late-stage cancers. That is what happened with screening for colon and cervical cancers. But not with breast and prostate cancers. Still, the researchers and others say, they do not think all screening will—or should—go away. Instead, they say that when people make a decision about being screened, they should understand what is known about the risks and benefits. For now, those risks are not emphasized in the cancer society"s mammogram message which states that a mammogram is" one of the best things a woman can do to protect her health. " The new analysis finds that prostate cancer screening and breast cancer screening are not so different. Both have a problem that runs counter to everything people have been told about cancer; They are finding cancers that do not need to be found because they would never spread and kill or even be noticed if left alone. That has led to a huge increase in cancer diagnoses because, without screening, those innocuous cancers would go undetected. At the same time, both screening tests are not making much of a dent in the number of cancers that are deadly. That may be because many lethal breast cancers grow so fast they spring up between mammograms. And the deadly prostate ones have already spread at the time of cancer screening. The dilemma for breast and prostate screening is that it is not usually clear which tumors need aggressive treatment and which can be left alone. " The issue here is, as we look at cancer medicine over the last 35 or 40 years, we have always worked to treat cancer or to find cancer early, " Dr. Brawley said. " And we never sat back and actually thought. Are we treating the cancers that need to be treated?"

单选题It was when I threw the dead match on the ground______I noticed something bright red trickling from under the call box door.

单选题Not only cars but also new-type trucks ______ with air conditioning.

单选题What has come to play an important role in most offices recently? A．Mainframes. B．Networks. C．Microcomputers. D．Communications satellites.

单选题Speaker A. I'm dreadfully sorry, but I've burned a hole in the rug.Speaker B: ______

单选题The audience, hostile at first, were greatly ______ by her excellent performance.

单选题The ______ temperature of a human body, no matter in what part of the world he lives, is about 26.8℃.

单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking When a lady was in a room. Customs are also different from country to country. Does a man Walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? What about table manner? Should you use both hands when you are eating? The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay. The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable — especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.

单选题Movies are the most popular form of entertainment for millions of Americans. They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the actors or because they have heard the film has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape. Sitting in a dark theater, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is real to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, and for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic (浪漫的) and beautiful than in real life. The biggest "dream factories" are in Hollywood, the capital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of movies that are shown all over the world. American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroes who do things the average person would like to do but often can't. People have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life, so they feel encouraged when they see the "good guys" win in the movies.

单选题Flowers and fruit have been rendered______by brilliant colours in contrast with the green foliage.

单选题A bottle weights less after air is taken out, ______proves that air has weight.

单选题In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many of the technological wonders that are ______ today. (2014年厦门大学考博试题)

单选题I saw a car in the distance, but I couldn"t ______ what color it was.

单选题A. matterB. gatherC. fatherD. rapid

单选题The doctor tried last time to explain to the Browns that infants and young children are more ______to the effects of secondhand smoke than adults.

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} Watching a three-and-a-half-pound chicken roast in 14 minutes, time loses all meaning. The skin turns gold and crisp, juices immediately rise to the surface, and the flesh firms before your eyes. It's dizzying and seductive, like the home makeovers on TV that compress as "Wow." you think "I could do this every single night." The makers of the TurboChef, a super-fast oven, used at Subway and Starbucks and, recently, by chefs like Charlie Trotter and Gray Kurtz, are banking on that reaction. Speed ovens made by TurboChef, Merrychef. Electrolux and others are common in commercial kitchens: they generally use some layering of microwave, convection, steam and infrared technologies, which provides even cooking, moistness and browning, all at high speed. No single technology has been able m produce all of those traits. The combination ovens are also mining up. in more limited roles, in some fine-dining kitchens. Mr. Trotter installed a commercial TurboChef in his upscale takeout cafe, Trotter's to Go. in Chicago about six years ago. Mr. Kurtz says that his speed oven is used mostly for souffi6s, reducing the cooking time from 25 minutes to 2. "I liked .taking that line off the menu where you have to order the souffi6 at the beginning of the meal," he said. This is hardly an everyday concern for home cooks. But manufacturers are unable to resist the lure of the lucrative residential market: companies like Electrolux. G.E. and Sharp already sell speed ovens for home cooks. TurboChef, however, has put an unusual amount of research and design energy into adapting its product for residential use. It will be introduced next month, priced at $5,995 for a solo unit and $7.895 for a TurboChef combined with a conventional oven. The company is pitching—hard—the notion that its appliance will do no less than revolutionize American home cooking. "I can't imagine a home cook who wouldn't respond to the speed of this oven," said Mr. Trotter. who has become a consultant and spokesman for TurboChef. "But speed alone wouldn't validate it. The results are glorious." Glorious is a strong word. So last week, I hauled raw chickens and a jug of souffle batter over to TurboChef's New York office for a road test. Three hours later, it was clear that the technology used by TurboChef—a combination of high-speed convection for rapid heat transfer and browning, plus "controlled bursts" of microwave for moist, even cooking—is far more successful for actual cooking than a microwave alone

单选题The man who invented Coca-Cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1831 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trade- mark for something called French Wine Coca Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later be formed the Pemberton Chemical Company and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886--year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It Was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeeper's script, presently devised a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was writ- ten in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence. On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-cola. Druggists customarily stirred a tea- spoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.

单选题The sea is the common property of all nations. It belongs equally to all. None can appropriate it exclusively to themselves; nor is it "foreign" to any. This was the decision of John Marshall, chief justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. It was stated as a fundamental rule of the sea that no one, and therefore everyone, owns the ocean. This means that outside territorial waters (the waters within three miles of a country"s coast), the law is whatever nations agree on in peacetime and whatever the strongest naval powers can enforce in wartime. After the United States purchased Alaska, Americans began to seize Canadians who were hunting seals outside Alaskan territorial waters. The Americans claimed that the seals were American property because they often came in to the Alaskan shores owned by the United States. International arbitrators disagreed with this reasoning. In some cases, however, the special rights of a nation that makes use of an open-sea area are recognized. All of the sea"s rules of the road are established by international conferences and treaties.

单选题Anne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking test when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher." Another student in microbiology had similar experiences. He said, "My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even write them down." These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students. Special university counseling courses try to help students. In these courses, counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tension. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work easy. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test. An expert at the University of California explains, "With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great./