填空题Paraphrase each of the following passages. Try not to copy the original sentences. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(10% , 5 points each)."The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate, "[Jacques]Cousteau told the camera. " The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwelling helps to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activity. "(From "Captain Cousteau")

填空题Zewail had already had good academic qualifications ______ before he won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.

填空题Back when we were kids, the hours spent with friends were too numerous to count. There were marathon telephone conversations; all-night studying and giggling sessions. Even after boyfriends entered the pictured our best friends remained irreplaceable. And time was the means by Which we nurtured those friendships. Now as adult women we never seem to have enough time for anything. Husbands, kids, careers and avocations--all require attention; too often, making time for our friends comes last on the list of priorities. And yet, ironically, we need our friends as much as ever in adulthood. A friendship network is absolutely crucial for our well being as adults. We have to do the hard work of building and sustaining the network. Here are some important ways for accomplishing this. Let go of your less central friendships. Many of our friendships were never meant to last a lifetime. It's natural that some friendships have time limits. Furthermore, now everyone has a busy social calendar, so pull back from some people that you don't really want to draw close to and give the most promising friendship a fair chance to grow. (41) Be willing to "drop everything" when you're truly needed. You may get a call from a friend who is really depressed over a certain problem when you are just sitting down to enjoy a romantic dinner with your husband. This is just one of those instances when a friend's needs mattered more. (42) Take advantage of the mails. Nearly all of us have pals living far away--friends we miss very much. Given the limited time available for visits and the high price of phone calls, writing is a fine way to keep in touch and makes both sender and receiver feel good. (43) Risk expressing negative feelings. When time together is tough to come by, it's natural to want the mood during that time to be upbeat. And many people fear that others will think less of you if you express the negative feelings like anger and hurt. (44) Don't make your friends' problems your own. Sharing your friend's grief is the way you show deep friendship. Never underestimate the value of loyalty. Loyalty has always been rated as one of the most desired qualities in friends. True loyalty can be a fairly subtle thing. Some people feel it means that, no matter what, your friend will always take you side. But real loyalty is being accepting the person, not necessarily of certain actions your friend might take. (45) Give the gift of time as often as time allows. Time is what we don't have nearly enough of--and yet, armed with a little ingenuity, we can make it to give it to our friends. The last but not the least thing to keep a friendship alive is to say to your friends "I miss you and love you." Saying that at the end of a phone conversation, or a visit, or writing it on a birthday card, can sustain your friendship for the times you aren't together.[A] But taking on your friend's pain doesn't make that pain go away. There's a big difference between empathy or recognizing a friend's pain, and over identification, which makes the sufferer feel even weaker-- "I must be in worse pain than I even thought, because the person I'm confiding in is suffering so much!" Remember troubled people just need their friends to stay grounded in their own feelings.[B] Remember honesty is the key to keeping a friendship real. Sharing your pain will actually deepen a friendship.[C] Besides, letters, cards and postcards have the virtue of being tangible--friends can keep them and reread them for years to come.[D] The trick is remembering that a little is better than none and that you can do two things at Once. For instance, if you both go for a weekly aerobics, go on the same day. If you both want to go on vocation, schedule the same destination.[E] Careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking, and accurate description- will be invaluable. In tomorrow's fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.[F] Sometimes, because of our unbreakable commitments or other circumstances, we simply can't give a needy friend the time we'd like. If you can't be there at that given moment, say something like, "I wish I could be with you I can hear that you're in pain. May I call you tomorrow?" Be sure your friend knows she's cared about.

填空题Rice has been a basically food for millions of people for hundreds of years. A. has been B. basically C. millions D. hundreds of

填空题So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves that {{U}}we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor{{/U}}.

填空题People are unselfish because they are militaristic, and cultured because they are common. At least that is the message of a couple of new studies. Two of the oddest things about people are morality and culture. Neither is unique to humans,-but Homo sapiens (humans) have both in an abundance missing from other species. (41) ______ How these human traits evolved is controversial. But two papers may throw light on the process. In one, Samuel Bowles of the Santa Fe Institute in New Mexico fieshes out his paradoxical theory that much of human virtue was forged in the war. Comrades in arms, he believes, become comrades in other things, too. (42) ______. It also requires a dense population. Dr Bowles's argument starts in an obscure crack of evolutionary theory called group selection. This suggests that groups of collaborative individuals will often do better than groups of selfish ones, and thus prosper at their expense. (43)______ This good-of-the-group argument was widely believed until the 1960s, when it was subject to rigorous scrutiny and found wanting~ The new theory does not pitch groups against groups, or even individuals against individuals, but genes against genes. In fact, this theory does not disallow unselfish behavior. (44)______. The "selfish gene" analysis, so called after a book by Richard Dawkins, makes good-of-the-group theory almost impossible to achieve. Dr Bowles has focused the argument on war, since it is both highly collaborative and often genetically terminal for the losers. In his latest paper he puts some numbers on the idea. He looks at the data, plugs them into a mathematical model of his devising and finds a pleasing outcome. Dr Thomas and his colleagues also rely on a mathematical model. The model suggested that once more than about 50 groups were in contact with one another, the complexity of skills that could be maintained did not increase as the number of groups increased. Rather, it was population density that turned out to be the key to cultural sophistication. (45)______ Dr Thomas therefore suggests that the reason there is so little sign of culture until 90,000 years ago is that there were not enough people to support it. According to him, culture was not invented once, when people had become clever enough, and then gradually built up into the edifice it is today. Rather, it came and went as the population waxed and waned. Since the invention of agriculture, of course, the population has done nothing but wax. The consequences are all around you.[A] In the other paper, Mark Thomas and his colleagues at University College, London, suggest that cultural sophistication depends on more than just the evolution of intelligence.[B] It is therefore no surprise, according to group-selectionists, that individuals might be genetically predetermined to act in self-sacrificial ways.[C] But it requires that this evolve in a way that promotes the interest of a particular gene--for example by helping close relatives who might also harbor the gene in question.[D] This, he contends, allows the evolution of collaborative, unselfish traits that would not otherwise be possible.[E] The more people there were, the more exchange there was between groups and the richer the culture of each group became.[F] Indeed, that abundance--of concern for the well-being of others, (even unrelated others), and of finely crafted material objects both useful and ornamental--is seen by many as the mark of man, as what distinguishes humanity from mere beasts.[G] They note the word "almost" in the argument above and contend that humans, with their high intelligence and possession of language, and their tendency to live in small, tightly knit groups, might be exceptional.

填空题Anyone seen carrying bags, boxes or (which) ______, was stopped by the police.

填空题These people remained (isolate)______ from the outside society until recently.

填空题This Agreement is entered into ______ the parties concerned ______ the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business ______ terms and conditions mutually agreed upon as follows: .

填空题David: I' ve Just finished reading the novel translated by your sister. Bob: Really? ______

填空题I cant believe a man of your ______ would do a thing like that． 我不能相信你这样一个聪明人会作出那样的一件事来。

填空题Which of the following Chinese versions of the English poem is the best in your opinion? Make a comment in English.(国际关系学院2010研，考试科目：英语综合) Autumn Day Lord: it is time. The summer was immense. Lay your shadow on the sundials and let loose the wind in the fields. Bid the last fruits to be full: give them another two more southerly days, press them to ripeness, and chase the last sweetness into the heavy wine. Whoever has no house now will not build one anymore. Whoever is alone now will remain so for a long time, will stay up, read, write long letters, and wander the avenues, up and down, restlessly, while the leaves are blowing. 参考译文1 秋日 主啊，时不我予。盛夏已去。 把你的影子对准日晷， 让风在旷野上获得自由。 令最后的果实趋于丰满； 再额外赐予它们两个南方的日子， 迫使它们成熟，追缫 残余的甜蜜，使之化为醇酒。 如今，无房者将不必再建。 独居者将长久独居， 熬夜、读书、长篇累牍地写信， 落叶纷飞时，烦躁不安地 在大街上游来荡去。 参考译文2 秋日 主啊!是时候了。夏日曾经很盛大。 把你的阴影落在日晷上， 让秋风刮过田野。 让最后的果实长得丰满， 再给它们两天南方的气候， 迫使它们成熟， 把最后的甘甜酿人浓酒。 谁这时没有房屋，就不必建筑， 谁这时孤独，就永远孤独， 就醒着，读着，写着长信， 在林荫道上来回 不安地游荡，当着落叶纷飞。 参考译文3 秋日 主呵，是时候了。夏天盛极一时。 把你的阴影置于日晷上， 让风吹过牧场。 让枝头最后的果实饱满； 再给两天南方的好天气， 催它们成熟， 把最后的甘甜压进浓酒， 谁此时没有房子，就不必建造， 谁此时孤独，就永远孤独， 就醒来，读书，写长长的信， 在林荫路上不停地 徘徊，落叶纷飞。

填空题Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium. The message of this survey of British land art—the most comprehensive to date—is that the British variant, typified by Richard Long"s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long"s photograph of his work is the work. Since his "action" is in the past and the photograph is its sole embodiment. That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain"s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time. Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard"s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph. Generally, however, British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn"t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman"s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash. In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can"t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn"t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the painting s of Turner and Constable. A. originates from a long walk that the artist took. B. illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art. C. reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition. D. represents the elegance of the British Land Art. E. depicts the ordinary side of the British Land Art. F. embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors. G. contains images from different parts of the same photograph.

填空题I turned on the TV just to relax a little after a heavy dinner, but soon I found myself so attracted as to be unable to get away from it until the end.

填空题The central theme of Paradise Lost is taken from the(19)and deals with the Christian story of "the(20)of man".

填空题Joe: Why will the plane from Miami delay?Ann: ____________