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单选题How can we get rid of garbage.9 Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs? These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the time it can save the land to hold garbage. For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels. As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source. Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil. Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs.
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单选题In 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next big issue: Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel"s brother had become blind from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a disorder passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 per cent chance of having the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple"s inquiries about sex selection led them to Virginia, US, where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now they will try to have a second daughter using the same technique.
The technique separates sperm into two groups—those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.
The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of a laboratory in January 2003 in California marked the company"s first expansion. "We believe the number of people who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it," said Keith L. Blauer, the company"s clinical director.
This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child"s gender. It also brings a host of ethical (伦理的) and practical considerations—especially for the majority of families who use the technique for nonmedical reasons.
The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a child to "balance" their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.
Blauer said the company has had an impressive success rate: 91 per cent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 per cent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.
The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguish the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.
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单选题{{B}}21-25{{/B}}
As people continue to grow and age, our
body systems continue to change. At a certain point in your life your body
systems will begin to weaken. Your joints may become stiff. It may become more
difficult for you to see and bear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to
lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to
live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this process that leads us
toward the end of our lives. Many factors contribute to your
health. A well-balanced diet plays an important role. The amount and type of
exercise you get is another factor. Your living environment and the amount of
stress you are under is yet another. But scientists studying senescence
(衰老) want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by examining the aging
process on a cellular level medical science may be able to extend the length of
life.
单选题In the muted cloth market, the shop-keepers speak in slow, ______tones, and the buyers follow suit.
单选题It was ______ who wrote those words on the blackboard． A．he B．him C．himself D．his
单选题Although Kerry has had no formal education, he is one of the ______ businessmen in the company. A. alertest B. sternest C. nastiest D. shrewdest
单选题______ allowing the apples to go bad, Mr. Black sold them at half price.
单选题I broke my relationship with John because he always found ______ with
me.
A. error
B. mistake
C. fault
D. failure
单选题I can"t possibly mark your homework: your handwriting is ______. You must spend some time in improving it.
单选题______yourbook,anddothisworkfirst.Youmayreaditlater.
单选题If your ______lively pets become passive, they might be ill.
单选题A. glance B. goal C. graceful D. technology
单选题The news of the air crash was reported right away, but the______were not disclosed.
单选题There are different ______ in the pond.
单选题In a move to disseminate faculty research and scholarship more broadly, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) voted on Tuesday to give Harvard University a worldwide license to make each faculty member's scholarly articles available and to exercise the copyright in the articles, (21) that the articles are not sold for a profit. "The goal of university research is the creation, dissemination, and (22) of knowledge. At Harvard, (23) so much of our research is of global significance, we have an essential responsibility to (24) the fruits of our scholarship as widely as possible," said Provost Steven E. Hyman. "Today's (25) in FAS will promote free and open (26) to significant, ongoing research. " Harvard will take advantage of the (27) by hosting FAS faculty members' scholarly articles in an open-access repository, making them available worldwide for (28) . The faculty member will (29) the copyright of the article, (30) the University's license. The repository contents can be made widely available to the (31) through search engines such as Google Scholar. This access will benefit scholars at all research (32) , which have seen their ability to (33) subscriptions to a full (34) of scholarly journals seriously compromised over the past few years. Research centers in poorer countries have been especially (35) by the access limitations caused by the high cost of many journals, Shieber pointed out.
单选题The main objective reason is that some developed countries______from the basic principle of anti-dumping and take the Anti-dumping Law as a tool for trade protection.
单选题"Does your family call you very often?" "Yes, my mother calls about once a week and ."______.
单选题Young drivers under 25 have the highest number of accidents while those over 50 have______.
单选题{{B}}练习六{{/B}}
As a medium of exchange, money permits
the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling,
without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his
products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money,
can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet (销路) for their goods, while
buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding the cheapest market for
the things they wish to purchase. Specialization, which is vital to an advanced
economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product
but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount
equivalent to their share of the product. Another advantage of
money is that it is a measure of value—that is, it serves as a unit in terms of
which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter
economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one
hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of
coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming (费时的) task. The process of
establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of
exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and
according to the two parties' desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter
fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing
to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish. Thirdly, money
acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter
system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could
save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when
a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be
overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in
value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice
of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantages—imagine
a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to
keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty,
future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise
productivity.
单选题One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was ______.
单选题When I was a kid, I never knew what my parents—or anyone else—did for a living. As far as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot more hugs, "I love you," and attendance at kids' football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives. While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, "Ask the children," conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1,000 kids between the ages of 8 and 18 about their parents' work lives. "If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents' work affected your life," the survey asked kids, "what would that wish be?" Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed and tired by work. Allison Kevin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of "work/life quality". Kevin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments—not only at the office but at home and in the community too—and start paring them down. "It's not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done," she says. "It's about saying no and making choices." We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of moms said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.) Parents can also destress by cutting back on their children's activities. If keeping up with your kid's schedule is killing you, insist that he chooses between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun. I keep a basketball in the trunk of my car. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.
单选题Mother has never been to Tibet but that's the only city______.
单选题The evil manners would be ______ root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government. A. exterminated B. exemplified C. facilitated D. emitted
单选题I was overjoyed at the news of my hometown ______ so much progress. A．to make B．to have made C．made D．having made
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单选题{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}
According to Scott Adams, creator of
the comic strip (系列漫画) Dilbert, the annual performance review is "one of the
most frightening and weakening experiences in every employee's life". Adams'
stories and comic figures poke fun at the workplace, but his characterization of
people's feelings about the annual performance review has its serious side.
Although a recent study of 437 companies indicates that effective annual
performance reviews can help raise profits, most employees of those companies
hate them. In theory, annual performance reviews are
constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working
together to attain maximum performance and strengthen the organization. In
reality, they often create division, undermine morale, and spark anger and
jealousy. Thus, although the object of the annual performance review is to
improve performance, it often' has the opposite result. A programmer at an IT
firm was stunned to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a
promotion because she wasn't a "team player." What were the data used to make
this judgment? She didn't smile in the company photo. Although
this story might sound as if it came straight out of Dilbert, it is a true
account of one woman's experience. By following a few ideas and guidelines from
industry analysis, this kind of {{U}}ordeal{{/U}} can be avoided: To
end the year with a positive and useful performance review, managers and
employees must start the year by working together to establish clear goals and
expectations. It may be helpful to allow employees to propose a
list of people associated with the company who will be in a good position to
assess their performance at the end of the year; these people may be co-workers,
suppliers, or even customer. Goals should be measurable but
flexible, and everyone should sign off on the plan. By checking
employees' progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to
correct mistakes and provide guidance to those who need it before the year is
out. When conducting the reviews, managers should highlight
strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future
responsibilities, avoiding punishment of blame. In short, when
employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they
can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files
about the past.
单选题Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and ______ foodstuff for their cooking. A. versatile B. multiple C. manifold D. diverse
单选题Did it ever______you that he could be the murderer?(2014年厦门大学考博试题)
单选题The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he ______. A. comes up with solutions in a most natural way B. lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist C. just reads about other people's observations and discoveries D. has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic
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单选题He was on the point of slipping down the slope when he heard someone
shouting to him to ______ the rope.
A. hang on
B. hang up
C. hang about
D. hang around
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单选题My parents want very much to see you, and as we live in a very large house, we could offer you spacious accommodations.
单选题I don't know how to play bridge(桥牌) and ______. A. my wife doesn't neither B. my wife does either C. neither does my wife D. neither my wife does
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单选题We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to______.
单选题M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls, but I'll let you know tomorrow.Q: Who is the woman talking to? A. A painter. B. A mechanic. C. A porter. D. A carpenter
单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}}
In the old days, sending a thank-you
note to a relative was easy. You wrote it, {{U}}(1) {{/U}} , a stamp on
the envelope and dropped it {{U}}(2) {{/U}} a mailbox. {{U}}(3)
{{/U}} it went in a red-white-and-blue U.S. Mail truck, and {{U}}(4)
{{/U}} of days later the friendly neighborhood mailman walked it,
{{U}}(5) {{/U}}. weather, right to the recipient's door.
{{U}} (6) {{/U}} you’re as likely to send a fax, e-mail, or
instant message. {{U}}(7) {{/U}} you cling to traditional pen and paper,
it's no longer clear (8) it will travel. Airborne Express?
Overnight? Two-Day Priority? {{U}} (9) {{/U}} it moves
into the 1st century, the American mail system {{U}}(13) {{/U}} to
survive. In the past few years, the U.S. Postal Service(USPS) has {{U}}(11)
{{/U}} many new services, {{U}}(12) {{/U}} stamps over the Internet,
electronic bill payment, and a service that prints and mails electronic
documents Yet revenues depleted by alternative communications (e-mail,
electronic banking), {{U}}(13) {{/U}} with rising fuel and operating
costs, led to a $150 million loss in 2000. Meanwhile, private
carriers are competing {{U}}(14) {{/U}} business, forcing the Postal
Service to contract with the likes of DHL and Emery Worldwide just to maintain
its global reach. {{U}}(15) {{/U}} still delivering 20 percent of the
world's mail, the men and women in the blue uniforms of the Postal Service just
can't seem to {{U}}(16) {{/U}}. The problem is that the
U.S. hasn't {{U}}(17) {{/U}} grips with the fact that in a fast-changing
world, mail delivery is better run as a competitive business than as a
government monopoly. {{U}}(18) {{/U}} many countries have privatized
their postal systems, the USPS has attempted to maintain business in both the
public and private worlds. It is a semiprivate corporation with a lumbering
government bureaucracy. It is {{U}}(19) {{/U}} by a board of governors
{{U}}(20) {{/U}} a blend of local politicians, small-town business
leaders and federal bureaucrats.
单选题It was exciting to see such a movie for first time, but we soon became ______ when our TV was flooded with programs of like-kind.
单选题The flyover at the crossing on the 6th ring road is now ______construction.
单选题But for your help, I ______ .
单选题There is a controversy even among doctors as to whether this disease is contagious or not.
单选题Data security used to be all about spending big bucks on firewalls to defend data at the network perimeter and on antivirus software to protect individual computers. Internet-based computing, or cloud computing, has changed all that, at the same time expanding exponentially the chances for data thieves and hackers. The cloud creates other opportunities too. a handful of security vendors now deliver security as a service--a one-two punch of hardware and software that monitors and manages an enterprise's data security and bills customers only for the computing power they use. "For years, security was about big companies pushing technology to their customers," says Qualys CEO and founder Philippe Courtot. "Now it's about the customers pulling precisely what they need and providing them with those resources on demand. " Qualys, a privately held company in Redwood Shores, Calif. , was among the first to embrace the service-oriented model, in 1999. Today four different modules of QualysGuard, its flagship offering, are used by more than 3500 organizations in 85 countries. The company performs more than 200 million security audits per year. Courtot knows something about opportunity. The French entrepreneur arrived in Silicon Valley in 1987 and has built a number of companies into big-time players, including Signio, an electronic-payment start-up that was eventually sold to VeriSign in a combined deal for more than $1 billion. As CEO, he rebuilt Verity and transformed cc:Mail, a once unknown firm of 12 people, into a dominant e-mail platform before Lotus acquired it in 1991. "Throughout my career, I've been able to recognize that for a technology to succeed, it must have a purpose," he says. "Technology itself has no value. It's what you do with it that counts. " Under the old paradigm, according to Courtot, enterprises overspent for stand-alone security devices that became unruly and difficult to operate over the long term He says Qualys attacks the flaws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud. "We control the infrastructure, software updates, quality assurance and just about everything in between," he says. The firm unveiled QualysGuard in 2000. After an infusion of $ 25 million from the venture firm Trident Capital and another $ 25 million from Gourtot, Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management. Much of the company's current revenue-sales, topped $ 50 million last year--is being driving by a set of standards established by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCISSC). "The PCI standard has been a major driver of business for all of them, especially Qualys," says Avivah Litan, a vice president and analyst at market-research firm Gartner. "When everyone has to comply, there's a lot of work to go around. /
单选题— How do you ______ we go to Beijing for our Holidays? — I think we'd better fly there. It's much comfortable.A. insistB. wantC. supposeD. suggest
单选题No culture exists in{{U}} {{/U}} . It all comes from someplace. Ancient customs were modern one time.
单选题In some remote places, there are still very poor people who can't
afford to live in ______ conditions.
A. positive
B. gracious
C. honorable
D. decent
单选题Born ten days earlier, the boy ______ his late father.
A. could have seen
B. must have seen
C. may have seen
D. should have been
单选题As they grow older, most people wonder how increasing age will affect intelligence. Can people in middle age and beyond expect to think as effectively and to solve problems as efficiently as they have in the past? One of the difficulties in comparing the intellectual functioning of people at different ages is the problem of cohort((具有相同特征的)一群人) effects. Different age groups in the population have experienced different historical events (wars, exposure to television, and so on) as well as changes in the general standard of living. Different scores that people of varying ages achieve on intelligence tests could be partly due to changes in diet, housing, or health care or, even more likely, to the amount and quality of education. Since the beginning of this century, there has been a trend for more people to go to school and to remain in school longer. Because it eliminates these cohort effects, a longevous (长寿的) study may be the best way to look at age-related changes in intellectual functioning. One of the few longevous studies of intellectual functioning is the Seattle Longevous Study, conducted by K. Warner Schaie and his associates. The original subjects, who ranged in age from 18 to 67, have now been tested 4 times over a 21 year period. These results have given a reasonably good picture of longitudinal(纵向的) change in cognitive abilities. The data show that there are only trivial changes in the kinds of abilities measured by intelligence tests before the age of 60, and no reliable decrease can be shown in these abilities before age 74. Although there is some decrease in measured ability in the late 60s and the 70s, it is not until age 81 that the average person falls below the middle range of performance for young adults. The data from the Seattle Longevous Study also suggest that there are very great individual differences in intellectual change throughout adulthood. Between the ages of 74 and 81, less than half the subjects showed any significant change. One important factor is health, especially the presence or absence of coronary(冠状) heart disease. Another is a high socioeconomic status, which is related not only to higher initial levels of functioning but to the maintenance of a higher level throughout life. A flexible life style in middle age, probably associated with a flexible personality style, also tends to predict high performance in old age. While some of these variables may have substantial hereditary (遗传的) elements, changes in environment and education could also be important in maintaining a higher level of functioning for many individuals.
单选题Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other "friends" to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to "compartmentalize (划分) friendships, having "friends at work", "friends on the softball team", "family friends", etc.
Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly changed atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque (无礼的) or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything "American" in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn"t matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.
On the other hand, don"t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.
单选题Peter is used to a simple way of living. He doesn't want to ______ so much money on food or clothing.
单选题It was at the exhibition that we______this kind of minicar made of plastics.
单选题We learn from Paragraph 2 that ______.
单选题Violent criminals with something to hide have more reason than ever to be paranoid about a tap on the shoulder which could send them to jail. Queensland police are working through a backlog of unsolved murders with some dramatic success. Greater cooperation between the public and various law enforcement agencies is playing a role, but new genetic-testing techniques are the real key to providing the vital evidence to mount a prosecution. Evidence left behind at the scene of any murder is guaranteed to outlive the person who left it. A blood, saliva or tissue sample the size of a pin, kept dry and out of sunlight, will last several thousand years. From it, scientific analysis now can tell accurately the sex of the person who left it. When matched against a sample from a crime suspect, it can indicate with million-to-one certainty whether the samples come from the same source. Only twins share identical DNA. So precise is the technology if the biological parents of a suspect agree to provide a sample, forensic scientists can work out the rest for themselves without cooperation from the suspect. Queensland forensic scientists have been using the DNA testing technology since 1992, and last year they were recognized internationally for their competence in positive individual identification. That is part of the reason 20 of Queensland's most puzzling unsolved murders dating to 1952 are being actively investigated. There also have been several recent arrests for unsolved murders. Forensic evidence was instrumental in charges being laid over the bashing death of waitress Tasha Douty on Brampton Island in 1983. Douty's blood-splattered, naked body was found on a nude sunbathing beach at Dinghy Bay on the island. Footprints in the sand indicated that the killer had grappled with the 41-year-old mother who had fled up the beach before being caught and beaten to death. According to Leo Freney, the supervising forensic scientist at the John Tonge Centre at Brisbane's Griffith University, DNA testing has become an invaluable tool for police. Its use is in identifying and rejecting suspects. In fact, he says, it eliminates more people that it convicts. "It is easily as good as fingerprints for the purpose of identification," he says. "In the case of violent crime it is better than fingerprints. You can't innocently explain things like blood and semen at a crime scene where you may be able to innocently explain fingerprints. " In Queensland, a person who has been arrested on suspicion of an offence can be taken before a magistrate and ordered to provide a sample of body fluid by force if necessary.
单选题Respect for the law is the foundation of civilized living, ______breaks it will be punished.
单选题The policeman saw the thief ______ he appeared on the street corner. A) not until B) as long as C) the moment D) only if
单选题When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past—and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet"s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
Most important, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely-touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 years—during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared—is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth"s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future—even without the influence of human activity.
单选题Since time immemorial, countless scholars have asked the question: What is beauty? As philosophers engage in weighty discourses, designers update the latest fashions, and artists create their masterpieces, what is considered beautiful changes at an alarming pace. Fifty years ago, the full-figured Marilyn Monroe embodied the American aesthetic value; today, a legion of Hollywood actresses vastly different in appearance from Marilyn"s have taken her place. However, aesthetic values not only differ from generation to generation, but do so along cultural lines as well. The conventions that govern painting and music vary greatly from East to West. Often, what is considered disgusting to one civilization is the pinnacle of aesthetic appeal in another. Thus, when left to the sphere of human design, the search for an absolute definition of beauty remains an elusive one at best. As fundamental physicists, my colleagues and I like to believe that we are involved in a search for a beauty that does not remain uninfluenced by definition; The beauty that we search for is not that which is laid down through the work of people and subject to short-term tastes, but rather that which has been established by Nature. Those not involved with physics tend to think of it as a precise and predictive science—certainly not a field of study fit for the contemplation of the beautiful. Yet, one of physics"s greatest gifts is that it allows its students to look past extrinsic appearances into a more overwhelming beauty. As a human being, I am captivated by the visual appeal of a wave crashing on the beach. As a physicist, however, I possess the ability to be captivated by the much deeper beauty of the physical laws that govern such a phenomenon. Where the nonphysicist sees a lovely but inexplicable event, the well-schooled physicist is able to perceive a brilliant design. In truth, since the day that Albert Einstein first proposed the notion that there might be one overarching physical theory that governs the universe, aesthetics has become a driving force in modern physics. What Einstein and we, as his intellectual descendants, have discovered is this;Nature, at its most fundamental level, is beautifully constructed. The remarkable simplicity of the laws that govern the universe is, at times, nothing short of breathtaking. And at every step, as new discoveries and technologies allow us to examine the physical world on deeper and deeper levels, we find that the beauty itself becomes more profound. As Einstein himself said, it would seem more likely that we should find ourselves living in a " chaotic world, in no way graspable through thinking. " Yet here we are, closer than ever to a full understanding of the universe"s beautiful clockwork.
单选题The Aerospace Bicycle That Fell to Earth A radical new bicycle had its first public showing at the National British Cycling Championships in Shrewsbury last weekend. Based on the gold medal-winning design from the Barcelona Olympics, it is the first commercial mountain bike made of a single piece of carbon fibre. Bicycles for amateurs have up to now been made of steel, aluminum or magnesium tubes welded together into the conventional "A-frame"shape. But last year, the British competitor Chris Boardman set world records while winning titles in the Olympic cycling pursuit events on a custom built, carbon-fibre bicycle with lower weight and wind resistance than standard models. Because carbon fibre is both light and extremely strong, it does not need the A-frame shape, saving further weight. Carbon fibre can also be moulded in a single piece, avoiding the weakness of welds. The new bike, which will cost between $ 2000 and $ 3000 when it reaches the shops next month, has the same advantages as the Olympic model. It weighs about 11 kilograms,a saving of 1.5 kilograms on metal frames. With no crossbar, it has a lower center of gravity, making it easier to use in race conditions. "When you're doing some aggressive riding,you throw the bike about from side to side," explains Eddie Eccleston, director of British Eagle, a British bicycle manufacturer based in Powys, Wales, which is marketing the bikes. "The low centre of gravity gives you better control. " The frames are being made in the U. S. for British Eagle by SP systems in Camarillo,California, which has clients in the aerospace industry, "This is aerospace technology brought into cycling by enthusiasts", says Eccleston. When professionals tested racing versions of the bike before the Tour de France, they were quicker than metal versions by up to 3 seconds per kilometer. The new design has no struts between the saddle and the back wheel; instead, the frame's flexibility can be "tuned" to individual tastes by changing the mixture of Kevlar fibre and carbon fibre in the back wheel strut, allowing up to 5 centimeters of movement. The carbon-fibre design has a lower centre of gravity and smoother back-wheel suspension than conventional bikes.
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
The wandering ship was a dramatic
symbol for a problem plaguing our age. In 1987, the ship, loaded with thousands
of tons of New York garbage, spent weeks wandering from one port to another in
search of a dump before finally returning home, mission
unaccomplished. New York, like other communities throughout the
world is running out of space to put its trash. As throwaway societies, the US
and other industrialized countries expect their garbage to be picked up by
trucks that magically transported the refuse to some out-of-sight
incinerator(焚化炉) or dump. But in the developing counties of Asia, Africa and
Latin America, thousands of tons of trash collected daily are thrown into open
dumps, where it feeds huge populations of rats that swarm through poor
neighborhoods. "The world is literally swimming in garbage,"
says a scientist, "Communities worldwide are being forced to confront the
problem." Green Peace spokesman Bryan Bence adds, "The crisis in garbage stems
in part from the fact that we've ignored long-term disposal problem in favor of
cheap quick fixes." The garbage glut (过选剩) has inspired many
communities in the U.S., Japan and Western Europe to start recycling programs.
Once considered a curious counter culture activity recycling has moved firmly
into the mainstream. Recycling involves separating usable
products from trash, processing them so they can be substituted for more
expensive raw materials and returning them to the marketplace as parts of new
products. Many countries now have mandatory recycling programs, and others plan
to follow the trend soon. Most notably, Japan has stood out as a model and
leader of the waste management trend, recycling an estimated 65 percent of its
waste. "That's what we should do, to the garbage crisis", says David Antonioli,
a staff member with the New York Public Interest Research Corp. "The earth is
not a dump!"
单选题Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee vented their fury over high gasoline prices at executives of the nation"s five largest oil companies on Wednesday, grilling the oilmen over their multimillion-dollar pay packages and warning them that Congress was intent on taking action that could include a new tax on so-called windfall profits. Such showdowns between lawmakers and oil titans have become a familiar routine on Capitol Hill. But with gas prices nearing $ 4 a gallon, and lawmakers headed home for a weeklong Memorial Day recess where they expect to get an earful from angry constituents, there is added urgency for Congress to appear active.
But while momentum is building for several measures, including a bill that would allow the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to be sued in American courts under antitrust laws, there is little sign that any of the proposals would do much, if anything, to lower prices quickly. And the oil executives warned that government intervention might only make things worse. Instead, they called on Congress to allow more drilling and exploration for domestic oil.
The increasing urgency to seem aggressive about gasoline prices was apparent on Tuesday when the House voted by an overwhelming 324 to 84 to approve the bill, commonly referred to as NOPEC, which classifies OPEC as a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Senate Democrats have included that measure as part of a package of legislation intended to address the high price of gasoline, along with the tax on windfall profits and a measure to tamp down speculation in the oil futures market that many lawmakers think is contributing to the run-up in prices.
At the Judiciary Committee hearing, Democratic senators struggled to have the executives explain how oil prices had risen so high. The senators expressed doubt that basic laws of supply and demand were at work and suggested instead a more sinister combination of monopolistic behavior by oil-producing countries, speculation in the futures markets and sheer corporate greed.
On Monday, President Bush signed a bill temporarily suspending the purchase of crude oil for the nation"s Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Mr. Bush had initially opposed such action but relented after the House and Senate approved the bill by wide margins. Senator Richard J. Durbin, Democrat of Illinois and a strong supporter of Senator Baraek Obama"s presidential bid, made a particularly pointed attack, in which he seemed to warn the oil executives that they would soon no longer have such a good friend in the White House. He also suggested that Mr. Bush should be doing more to press the oil companies to help lower prices at the pump, while acknowledging that it would be difficult to pass a windfall profits tax while Mr. Bush was still in office.
单选题I don't know ______ talking about.
单选题A ______ contest is intended to eliminate less qualified competitors before decisive contests.
单选题The author seems to agree that
单选题— May I go and play football with Dick this afternoon, Dad? — No, you can't go out ______ your work is being done.A. beforeB. untilC. asD. after
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单选题Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor's office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online "virtual visits" between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 8, 000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won't have to skip work to tend to minor ailment or to follow up on chronic conditions. "With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time, " says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies. Doctors aren't clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue. "We are not stupid, " says Stirling Somers, executive director of the Silicon Valley Employers group. "Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work. " In the pilot program, physicians will get $ 20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit. Doctors also fear they'll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what's needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif. -based start-up. Healinx's "Smart Symptom Wizard" questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face to face visit. Can E-mail replace the doctor's office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what's wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor's groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor's visits offer a "very narrow" sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic. The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet's record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is "a huge roll of the dice for Healinx, " notes Michael Barrett, and analyst at Internet consulting from Forester Research. If the "Web visits" succeed, expect some HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren't satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.
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单选题As an interdisciplinary study of language use, ______ attempts to show the relationship between language and society.
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单选题You ______ her in her office last Friday；shes been out of town for two weeks． A) neednt have seen B) must have seen C) might have seen D) cant have seen
单选题Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, teachers expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one only interested in getting high grades. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take the initiative and to complete the assignments with minimal guidance. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students not be overly dependent on them. In the United States, professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within their departments. In addition, they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student have problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment. Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the students in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role ( i. e. listening and taking notes) many courses are organized around classroom discussions, students questions, and informal lectures. In the teaching of science and mathematics , the dominant mode of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational , sociology, and psychology classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in groups, design projects, make presentations and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are"applied" rather than theoretical, they stress "doing"and involvement.
单选题In the last paragraph, people are recommended to have ______.
单选题In today's competitive job market, students are looking for degrees outside their home countries to position themselves as global managers fluent in international practices. Among them is Simon Tindall, an American who turned down a scholarship to Georgetown University in Washington in favor of Cambridge. Foreign students make up an average 70 percent to 80 percent of non-U.S. MBA programs. In contrast, the Wharton School, at the University of Pennsylvania, reports one of the highest percentages of international students for an American program at 39 percent, a figure that includes U.S. permanent residents. While the tough recruiting climate for graduates entering the U.S. job market is a factor in the decrease, another pressure point seems to be restrictions on visas for travel, education and work in the States after the war in Iraq, SARS in Asia and political changes related to the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11,2001. One Chinese student said she had been offered a full scholarship to attend the University cf Michigan's MBA program in 2002 but that a visa request had been denied two years in a row. Another could not obtain a visa to enroll at the University7 of California at Los Angeles. Many students are also being attracted bv the affordability of international programs, especially in relation to costs in the United States. Most MBA programs outside the United States can be completed in one year rather than two, representing a huge saving in both tuition and opportunity costs. Britain has an advantage over other international programs in both ranking and brand value. Better rankings attract better students, who in turn improve the rankings. "The applications we received this year were on average of a much higher quality than last year," said Gary, the admission director at Cambridge.”The increase in applications enables us to be more selective. Year to year, we're looking to increase the quality of the student body, which in turn strengthens competition for the whole program. "
单选题M: That's a beautiful dress you have on!W:______A. Actually, I don' t like it very much.B. Oh, thank you. I just got it yesterday.C. Yes, I think so.D. No, it' s not that beautiful. Yours is better.
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单选题Which of tile following is TRUE?
单选题--Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.
--It's no ______ he always gets the first place in any
examination.
A. question
B. doubt
C. problem
D. wonder
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单选题While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very ______.
单选题She always felt inferior ______ her older sister. A. with B. from C. to D. on
单选题During the dialogue with Chinese youth in Shanghai, President Obama announced the U.S. would expand the number of students to study in China to 100,000 ______ ties between the two countries. A. strengthening B. strengthened C. to strengthen D. to be strengthened
单选题Zoologists observe the way animals ______ with one another and their environment.
单选题Neon light is utilized in airport because it can {{U}}permeate{{/U}} fog.
A. pass through
B. transmit
C. suspend
D. break up
单选题Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______ Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what
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It is hard to predict how science is going to
turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the
things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance.
You cannot make choice in that matter. You either have science or you don't
have, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing
pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally
confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I regard this as the
maj or discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an
illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th
century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we known and how
bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth
and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the
20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either
pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply make
up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in eamest, we are
getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far they are from being
answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if
you are totally ignorant. The hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality
of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no
true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be
trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be
some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be
answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be
sure, there may well be questions we can't think up ever, and therefore limits
to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits,
we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it
long enough, and pay attention.
单选题War is the social cancer of mankind. It is a
pernicious
form of ignorance, for it destroys not only its "enemies", but also the whole superstructure of what it is a part—and thus eventually it defeats itself.
单选题According to the passage, all of the following will result from human competition EXCEPT ______.
单选题The author believes ______.
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单选题Modern American music is rich in its variety of forms, styles, and instruments. A complete encyclopedia (百科全书) of American music is a small library! By just looking at a few types of American music, we can see much diversity. Blues music, which goes back to the 1860s, has African American roots. Blues singers often sing of sad themes: feelings of loneliness or hunger, or being far away from home. The banjo and the washboard were common instruments in early blues music. The harmonica, guitar, and piano are some of the many other instruments used in blues. Jazz has its beginnings in the 1890s in New Orleans. The musical contributions of people from many parts of the world came together in this port on the Mississippi River to create the early versions of jazz. Now jazz comes in many forms and is popular in the United States and many other countries. The fiddle is a common instrument in early country music, but today we hear many kinds of instruments in country music, especially the guitar. Cowboy movies in the 1930s and 1940s helped to make country music very popular. Rap music has its origins in New York in the early 1970s. Rap uses a lot of rhyming. Rhymes are words that sound the same. Many young people like the beat in rap music. Like all music, modern American music causes people to sing, dance, smile, and cry. American music is sometimes controversial (有争议的), but it shows us the diversity of American culture.
单选题 Attacking an increasingly popular Internet business
practice, a consumer watchdog group Monday filed a complaint with the Federal
Trade Commission, asserting that many online search engines are concealing the
impact special fees have on search results by Internet users. Commercial Alert,
a 3-year-old group founded by consumer activist Ralph Na-der, asked the FTC to
investigate whether eight of the Web's largest search engines are violating
federal laws against deceptive advertising. The group said that
the search engines are abandoning objective formulas to determine the order of
their listed results and selling the top spots to the highest bidders without
making adequate disclosures to Web surfers. The complaint touches a hot-button
issue affecting tens of millions of people who submit search queries each day.
With more than 2billion pages and more than 14 billion hyperlinks on the Web,
search requests rank as the second most popular online activity after
E-mail. The eight search engines named in Commercial Alert's
complaint are: MSN, owned by Microsoft; Netscape, owned by AOL Time Warner;
Directhit, owned by Ask Jeeves;HotBot and Lycos, both owned by Term Lycos;
AltaVista, owned by CMGI; LookSmart,owned by KookSmart; and iWon, owned by a
privately held company operating under the same name. Portland,
Ore-based Commercial Alert could have named more search engines in its
complaint, but focused on the biggest sites that are auctioning off spots in
their results,said Gary Ruskin, the group's executive director.
"Search engines have become central in the quest for learning and knowledge in
our society. The ability to skew (扭曲) the results in favor of hucksters (小贩)
without telling consumers is a serious problem. " Ruskin said. By late Monday
afternoon, three of the search engines had responded to The Associated Press'
inquiries about the complaint.Two, LookSmart and AltaVista, denied the charges.
Microsoft spokesman Matt Pilla said MSN is delivering "compelling search results
that people want". The FTC had no comment about the complaint
Monday. The complaint takes aim at the new business plans embraced by more
search engines as they try to cash in on their pivotal (关键) role as Web guides
and reverses a steady stream of losses. To boost revenue,search engines in the
past year have been accepting payments from businesses interested in receiving a
higher ranking in certain categories or ensuring that their sites are reviewed
more frequently.
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单选题You claim that ______ travelling by boat I am wasting part of my holiday: on the contrary, I regard the sea journey as the most enjoyable part of it.
单选题George applied for the position three times______he finally got it. A．after B．before C．until D．when
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单选题Everyone is exposed to it, so naturally some people will imitate what they see on TV, what they read in the newspapers and what they witness every day. It is better to prevent violence than to try to stop it. Dentists tell you to brush your teeth to prevent cavities so they won"t have to fill the cavity later. People and lawmakers all over the world realize this. The next question is, "How do you prevent violence from happening?"
To answer this question, you may ask yourself, "What causes violence?" Guns are definitely something used in acts of violence, but just about anything will do. Bare hands are often the weapons. What we have to do is to work together as a community and make violence wrong but not to tolerate. We"ve got to find a better solution than jails, and we"ve got to do it now. It"s not something that can wait. The message "Violence is wrong" has got to be everywhere you look on TV, on street signs, buses, radio, in every kind of language—English, Spanish, French, Hebrew, you name it, so that it can reach all kinds of people. People need to be cool. Violence needs to be labeled as foolish. It cannot be machismo (大男子气概) and toughness.
We can reach people in all kinds of ways. Little reminders that "Violence is wrong" can show up in any way, shape or form: chain letters, a million dollars to anyone who can make a video showing 30 acts of kindness, flyers, newspaper ads, contests in schools, a free TV ad to the most peace-loving company and much more. To do so, lots of people have to be willing to work together and break the cycle.
单选题It is difficult to describe the countryside during the period under consideration, partly because the inhabitants______
单选题How is it possible for our human body to {{U}}convert{{/U}} yesterday's lunch into today's muscle?
单选题You ask how to start a business? Here is an example. David Dawson, a serious mountain climber, was dissatisfied with soft iron pitons (锥锤), the only ones he was able to buy. They lasted just one or two climbs, and Dawson wanted to replace them with "chrome-molys" (铬率合金), which were harder, stronger and longer-lasting. Some climbers made them for limited distribution among friends, but they were not commercially available. So Dawson started Dawson Equipment Ltd. , a purveyor (承办商) of climbing equipment, as a one-man enterprise in Burbank, California, in 1958. He had no plan, no management experience and no advertising. He worked in a shed using a hand forge purchased with $ 800 of capital borrowed from his mother. What Dawson did have was a knowledge of the kind of equipment that he needed in his own climbs, and a sense that serious climbers would follow his lead. Currently Dawson Equipment is thriving and produces over 200 products. Business opportunities are mere than ample today for the simple reason that many consumers are dissatisfied. Dawson's business started from his being a customer not liking what he bought. I suspect that your business will begin that way too. You know what you want to replace, improve or change. So begin where the tool breaks, the service slips or the shoe pinches.
单选题Ideas about education are changing in the United States. Education today is not just a high school diploma or a college degree. Many adults are not interested in going to college. They are interested in other kinds of learning. For them, learning does not end with a diploma．
Continuing education gives these adults the opportunity to increase their knowledge about their own field or to learn about a new field．It also gives them a chance to improve their old skills or to learn new ones.
Scientists, mechanics and barbers can take classes to improve their work skills. If they know more or learn more, they can get a better job or earn more money. Continuing education classes give more adults the chances to learn new skills. There is usually a large variety of classes to choose from: typing, foreign cooking, photography, auto repair, furniture repair, or swimming. These are only some of the classes available.
Some adults take classes for fun or because the class will be useful for them. Other adults take continuing education classes to improve their own lives because they want to feel better about themselves.
Almost any community college or public school system has a continuing education program. There are classes in schools, community buildings or churches. Most classes are in the evening, so working people can attend．The classes are usually small, and they are inexpensive.
单选题The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were {{U}}illegible{{/U}}.
单选题The following sounds share one feature EXCEPT______.
单选题Myfatherhasmanyfriendsbecausehehasawarmand______personality.
单选题It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most probably agree with which of the following statements about the relationship between the Industrial Revolution and about the demand for luxury goods and services in eighteenth century England?
单选题In some parts of Yunnan Province, as climate and topography (地势) vary, so do the species that
prevail
in the forests.
单选题According to the passage what do we know about Galileo?
单选题The most surprising aspect of the modern man's good conscience is that he asserts and justifies it in terms of the most varied and even contradictory metaphysical theories and social philosophies. The idealist Hegel and the materialist Marx agree in their fundamental confidence in human virtue, disagreeing only in their conception of the period and the social circumstances in which and the method by which his essential goodness is, or is to be, realized. The romantic naturalist Rousseau agrees with the rationalistic naturalists of the French Enlightenment, though in the one case the seat of virtue is found in natural impulse unspoiled by rational disciplines and in the other case it is reason which guarantees virtue. Among the rationalistic naturalists again there is agreement upon this point whether they are hedonistic or Stoic in their conceptions and whether they believe that reason discovers and leads to a natural harmony of egoistic impulses or that it discovers and affirms a natural harmony of social impulses. The whole Christian drama of salvation is rejected ostensibly because of the incredible character of the myths of Creation, Fall, Atonement, etc., in which it is expressed. But the typical modern is actually more certain of the complete irrelevance of these doctrines than of their incredibility. He is naturally not inclined to take dubious religious myths seriously, since he finds no relation between the ethos which informs them and his own sense of security and complacency. The sense of guilt expressed in them is to him a mere vestigial remnant of primitive fears of higher powers, of which he is happily emancipated. The sense of sin is, in the phrase of a particularly vapid modern social scientist, "a psychopathic aspect of adolescent mentality". The universality of this easy conscience among moderns is the more surprising since it continues to express itself almost as unqualifiedly in a period of social decay as in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century heyday of a bourgeois culture. The modern man is involved in social chaos and political anarchy. The Marxist escape from this chaos has developed in Russia into a regime of unparalleled proportions. Contemporary history is filled with manifestations of man's hysteria and furies; with evidences of his demonic capacity and inclination to break the harmonies of nature and defy the prudent canons of rational restraint. Yet no cumulation of contradictory evidence seems to disturb modern man's good opinion of himself. He considers himself the victim of corrupting institutions which he is about to destroy or reconstruct, or of the confusions of ignorance which an adequate education is about to overcome. Yet he continues to regard himself as essentially harmless and virtuous. The question therefore arises how modern man arrived at, and by what means he maintains, an estimate of his virtue in such pathetic contradiction with the obvious facts of his history.
单选题You ______ the experiment twice, not once. A. should have carried out B. shouldn't have carried out C. haven't carried out D. couldn't have carried out
单选题Liu Xiang sets the World 110m Hurdles record in Lausanne. Lausanne, Switzerland — China’s Olympic champ/on Liu Xiang (21) the men’s 110m Hurdles World record with (22) 12.88 seconds (wind +1.1 m/s) at tonight’s Athletissima, a Super Grand Prix meeting, which is part of the IAAF World Athletics Tour. "I (23) thought I could break the World record. I'm feeling very fired, very happy and very excited," said Liu Xiang. "Switzerland is my (24) place. I love Switzerland and Lausanne and the fans here," the 22-year-old young man added. "I had (25) broken the World junior record in 2002 in Lausanne (13.12)." Liu Xiang celebrates (26) sitting on his World record clock in Lausanne. "Tonight I started well running. But it was (27) the fifth hurdle when I speeded up," confirmed the 2005 World Championship silver medallist who will (28) his 23rd birthday on Thursday (13 July). Liu Xiang was the joint holder of the (29) best of 12.91, which he (30) when winning the Olympic title on 27 August 2004 in Athens, Greece. The (31) 12.91 record had been set in Stuttgart, Germany, (32) Britain’s Colin Jackson who established that mark when winning the World Championship (33) medal on 20 August 1993. In second place tonight in Lausanne was Dominique Arnold of USA who led for most of the (34) , and finished in 12.90 seconds, which of course is also (35) the old record.
单选题It was ______ told them the news. A．me that B．me who C．that I D．I that
单选题Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed
by six questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. {{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
It's not just your imagination. In
cities from coast to coast, the use of Spanish is booming, and is proliferating
in ways no other language has before in the U.S. history--other than English of
course. It's this sort of environment that is a cause for
concern for many. Mauro Mujica heads a group called "U. S. English," which
lobbies for official English laws across the country. He's concerned that with
so many Spanish speakers entering the country, the U.S. will become a nation
split by language, much like Canada. "Now we're beginning to
divide ourselves, to split along linguistic lines. We're beginning to see
pockets of people who speak other languages and no English whatsoever.
" His fear is hardly universal. Gregory Rodriguez is a fellow
with the New America Foundation, a non-partisan think-tank based in Washington,
D.C. He calls Mujica's arguments "ridiculous. " "This process of
immigrant enclaves (少数民族聚集地) and linguistic enclaves is an age-old American
process. We've all heard the quotes from Benjamin Franklin about his concerns
that German- Americans would never assimilate. These concerns are as old as the
American republic. " Rodriguez argues that the current boom in
the use of Spanish is due ahnost entirely to new immigrants, and that their
children will, at least for the most part, learn English. He points to 1990
census data, which indicates that by the third generation, two-thirds of all
Hispanic children speak English exclusively. Whether that number is going up or
down will be difficult to determine since the Census Bureau didn't track that
information in its most recent census. But there may be at least
one piece of anecdotal evidence. Spanish-language movie theaters once flourished
in the Los Angeles area. There were dozens of these theaters just fifteen years
ago. Today there are only seven. "There is a myth that somehow
immigrants come to the most powerful nation in the world simply to resist its
cultural embrace," says Rodriguez. "But it is a myth. "
Immigrant enclaves are, of course, common throughout American History.
German and Polish enclaves were common throughout the Midwest. The
Italians flourished in New York. But those languages largely faded from
use in the U.S. Few are predicting that will happen with Spanish. It's here to
stay, although we won't know its ultimate impact for
generations.
单选题Another kind of distinction to scan be made among works of art is whether they were originally intended as objects purely to be looked at, or as objects to be used. The fine arts, such as drawing, painting, and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced primarily on an abstract rather than practical level. Pieces of fine art may produce emotional, intellectual, sensual, or spiritual responses in us. Those who love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable, and perhaps especially so in the midst of a highly materialistic world, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.
In contrast to the nonfunctional appeals of the fine arts, the first purpose of the applied arts is to serve some useful function. Lucy Lewis, a traditional potter from Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico, has applied a visually exciting surface decoration to her water jar. But the jar"s main reason for being, however, is to hold water. Some of the people of Acoma, which may be the oldest continually inhabited city in the United States, still follow the old ways, carrying water for drinking, cooking, and washing up to their homes from natural ponds below. The forms of their water jars are therefore designed to prevent spilling and to balance readily on one"s head. The pots must also be light in weight, so Acoma water pots are some of the world"s thinnest-walled pottery. Interestingly, the languages of most Native American peoples do not include a word that means "fine art". While they have traditionally created pottery, basketry, and weaving with a good sense of design, these pieces were part of their everyday lives.
The applied art of pottery-making is one of the crafts, the making of useful objects by hand. Other applied art disciplines are similarly functional. Graphic designers create advertisements, fabrics, layouts for books and magazines, and so on. Industrial designers shape the mass-produced objects used by high-tech societies, from cars, telephones, and teapots, to one of the most famous visual images in the world: the Coca-cola bottle. Other applied arts include clothing design, interior design, and environmental design.
单选题What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It"s probably not what you think. Years of clinical research proves that the real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom, not our power of will or austerity (苦行). Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.
Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There"s no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back that"s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, exercise, quit smoking, manage stress better, and love more, they find that they feel so much better, so quickly, it reconstruct the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. Fortunately, the latest studies show how dynamic and powerful are the mechanisms that control our health and well-being.
When you exercise and eat right: Your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, think more clearly, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed that just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many new nerve cells to grow that it actually increased the size of people"s brains!
Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly. Smoking accelerate aging because nicotine (尼古丁) causes your blood vessel to become narrower, which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.
One of the most interesting findings in this study was that the mothers" perceptions of stress were more important than what was objectively occurring in their lives. The researchers made a survey among women and asked them to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day, and how out of control their lives felt to them. The women who perceived that they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres (染色体端粒) compared with those who felt more relaxed. Conversely, some of the women who felt relaxed despite raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.
In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.
单选题Telecommuting--substituting the computer for the trip to the job-has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work．For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts．For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board．minimizes lateness and absenteeism by eliminating commuters, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility．In some areas, such as Southern Califomifi and Seattle, Washington, local govemments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour traffic and improve air quality． But these benefits do not come easily．Making a telecommuting program work requi res careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images．Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the quiet Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer．A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two．An accountant stays home to care for her sick child； she hooks up her telephone modem connections and does office work between calls to the doctor． These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality．Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time．Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family．Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done．Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality．Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employee's situation, not the availability of technology,that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement． That is partly why,despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs of policy guidelines remains small．
单选题
单选题At the party we found that shy girl ______ her mother all the time.(2013年北京航空大学考博试题)
单选题It's all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that (56) evening you're burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, (57) are throwing the books at kids. (58) elementary school students are complaining of homework (59) . What's a well-meaning parent to do? As hard as (60) may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it, (61) helping too much, or even examining (62) too carefully, you may keep them (63) doing it by themselves. "I wouldn't advise a parent to check every (64) assignment," says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. "There's a (65) of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children (66) the grade they deserve. " Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their (67) . But "you don't want them to feel it has to be (68) ," she says. That's not to say parents should (69) homework first, they should monitor how much homework their kids (70) . Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in (71) four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be " (72) more than an hour and a half," and two for high school students. If your child (73) has more homework than this, you may want to check (74) other parents and then talk to the teacher about (75) assignments.
单选题According to the text, HDTV
单选题When Newsweek recently asked 1,000 U. S. citizens to take America's official citizenship test, 29 percent couldn't name the vice president. Seventy-three percent couldn't correctly say why we fought the Cold War. Forty-four percent were unable to define the Bill of Rights. And 6 percent couldn't even circle Independence Day on a calendar. Don't get us wrong: civic ignorance is nothing new. For as long as they've existed, Americans have been misunderstanding checks and balances and misidentifying their senators. And they've been lamenting the ignorance of their peers ever since pollsters started publishing these dispiriting surveys back in Harry Truman's day. According to a study by Michael X. Delli Carpini, dean of the Annenberg School for Communication, the yearly shifts in civic knowledge since World War II have averaged out to "slightly under 1 percent. " But the world has changed. And unfortunately, it's becoming more and more inhospitable to incurious know-nothings—like us. To appreciate the risks involved, it's important to understand where American ignorance comes from. In March 2009, the European Journal of Communication asked citizens of Britain, Denmark, Finland, and the U.S. to answer questions on international affairs. The Europeans outdid us. It was only the latest in a series of polls that have shown us lagging behind our First World peers. Most experts agree that the relative complexity of the U. S. political system makes it hard for Americans to keep up. In many European countries, parliaments have proportional representation, and the majority party rules without having to "share power with a lot of subnational governments," notes Yale political scientist Jacob Hacker. In contrast, we're saddled with a nonproportional Senate; a tangle of state, local, and federal bureaucracies; and near-constant elections for every imaginable office (judge, sheriff, school-board member, and so on). "Nobody is competent to understand it all, which you realize every time you vote," says Michael Schudson, author of The Good Citizen. "You know you're going to come up short, and that discourages you from learning more. " It doesn't help that the United States has one of the highest levels of income inequality in the developed world, with the top 400 households raking in more money than the bottom 60 percent combined. As Dalton Conley, an NYU sociologist, explains, "it's like comparing apples and oranges. Unlike Denmark, we have a lot of very poor people without access to good education, and a huge immigrant population that doesn't even speak English. " When surveys focus on well-off, native-born respondents, the U. S. actually holds its own against Europe. For more than two centuries, Americans have gotten away with not knowing much about the world around them. But times have changed—and they've changed in ways that make civic ignorance a big problem going forward. We suffer from a lack of information rather than a lack of ability. Whether that's a treatable affliction or a terminal illness remains to be seen. But now's the time to start searching for a cure.
单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}}
Experimenting with household objects
can often get young people in trouble, but for one intelligent, inquisitive boy,
it created the foundation of his future. Young Henry Ford discovered through his
curious mind that many objects were useful for much more than their intended
purposes. For example, he used to tinker with his father's fanning tools to see
what they could do. He used his mother's darning needles to help him repair
watches. And once, in an effort to study the power to steam, he sat and watched
water boil in his mother's teapot. Little did Ford know that these experiments
would lead him to creating a means of transportation that would change the world
forever. Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863, near Detroit,
Michigan. He was the oldest of six children and the grandson of immigrants from
Ireland who came to America in 1847. His family were farmers, and he grew up on
the family farm where he began to develop mechanical skills. Through his
experiences on the farm with his father, Henry developed a great curiosity about
how things worked. When traveling in his father's wagon, Henry
would often wonder if there were a faster and easier way to travel. A time he
remembered for the rest of his life happened when he was only thirteen years
old. He was riding in the wagon with his father, and he spotted a steam engine
traveling along the road under its own power. Henry was so excited that he ran
toward the engine and asked its driver question after question about the
incredible machine. This machine was used for sawing wood and
other tasks that required it to remain stationary, but the engine was mounted on
wheels to propel itself from one location to another. Henry was so excited that
the driver let him fire the engine and even run it. From that point on, Henry
Ford's dream of creating a self-propelled vehicle began to
materialize. Ford wanted to move to Detroit to work in the
machine shops, but he stayed on the family farm until he was seventeen. At that
time, he started his successful journey by moving to Detroit. He began working
at the Michigan Car Company for $1.10 a day, but he was fired because he was
faster than anyone else at making repairs. It took him only one hour to do what
took others five hours to do! From there he took on a variety of different jobs
but his dream continued to be the creation of a "horseless carriage." No matter
where he worked, he continued to read about gas engines and experiment in his
own workshop. In 1896 Ford's efforts began to pay off when he
was working at the Detroit Edison Illuminating Company. His first self-propelled
vehicle was ready for a try-out. As it started to run, it actually frightened
the horses and caused many people to protest, but it ran. It was
at the Detroit Edison Illuminating Company where Ford met Thomas Edison. Ford
had always admired Thomas Edison's work and was excited when he discovered that
Edison agreed that it had possibilities and encouraged him to continue. This
gave Ford the incentive to invent an operable car that was written up in the
Detroit Journal where he was described as a "mechanical engineer." Soon his work
on automobiles caused him to have to leave the Detroit Edison Illuminating
Company. Ford wanted more time to work on automobile building so he was forced
to quit his job. Ford's dream began to materialize with his
invention of automobiles and the development of the assembly line. His dream of
creating a "motor car for the great multitude.., constructed of the best
materials by the best men to be hired.., so low in price that no man making a
good salary will be unable to own one..." came true with the invention of his
ninth car, the Model T. It sold more than any other car for eighteen years
between 1908 and 1926. This commonplace, hard working, sturdy car made up over
one half of all the cars sold at this time. Today we are
reminded of Ford's genius whenever we see one of his "horseless carriages"
traveling across the many highways in our world. Who would have guessed for the
world? The next time you see a child experimenting with different common
objects, keep in mind that you may be witnessing the beginning of another great
invention.
单选题Someone who is called a phoenix today ______. A. has come back from a defeat B. is probably immortal C．thinks he or she can live forever D. Is not well liked by colleagues
单选题— Some people believe that robots will take over the world one day. — What if that is the ______?A. thingB. resultC. caseD. end
单选题As one of a rare group of economists who believe that "manufacturing matters" for the health of the American economy, I was heartened to hear President Obama emphasize manufacturing in his State of the Union address. During the last two years, the manufacturing sector has led the economic recovery, expanding by about 10 percent and adding more than 300,000 jobs. Though there are economists who do not share my view, I believe that a strong manufacturing sector matters for several reasons.
First, economists agree that the United States must rebalance growth away from consumption and imports financed by foreign borrowing toward exports. Manufactured goods account for about 86 percent of merchandise exports from the United States and about 60 percent of exports of goods and services combined. American manufacturing exports are becoming more attractive as a result of rising wages abroad, the decline in the dollar"s value, increasing supply-chain coordination and transportation costs, and strong productivity growth in American manufacturing.
Germany and Japan, two high-wage countries, have maintained substantial shares of manufacturing in their economies, and are major exporters of manufactured goods to emerging market economies. Like manufacturing in these countries, manufacturing in the United States can win larger shares of global export markets with the right policies in place.
Second, on average manufacturing jobs are high-productivity, high value-added jobs with good pay and benefits. In 2009, the average manufacturing worker earned $74,447 in annual pay and benefits compared with $63,122 for the average non-manufacturing worker. In that year, only about 9 percent of the work force was employed in manufacturing, down from about 13 percent in 2000. The fall in manufacturing employment during the 2000s was a major factor behind growing wage inequality and the polarization of job opportunities between the top and bottom of the wage and skill distribution, with a hollowing out of middle-income jobs.
Third, manufacturing matters because of its substantial role in innovation. American leadership in science and technology remains highly dependent on R. & D. investment by manufacturing companies, and the social returns to such investment are substantial, far exceeding the returns to the companies that fund it.
American multinational companies that account for about 84 percent of all private-sector business R. & D. in the United States still place about 84 percent of their R. & D. activities in the United States, often in clusters around research universities. But this share is gradually declining as American companies shift some of their R. & D. to Asia in response to rapidly growing markets, ample supplies of technical workers and engineers and generous subsidies. Congress"s failure to extend and broaden the R. & D. tax credit, as President Obama has urged, is also encouraging companies in the United States to look to other countries offering far more generous R. & D. tax incentives.
单选题{{B}}Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is
followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding
letter on the answer sheet.{{/B}}{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed
that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like (像流感的) cases.
Influenza is sometimes called "flu" or a bad cold". He took samples from the
throats of patients and in his hospital was able to find the virus (病毒) of this
influenza. There are three main types of the influenza virus.
The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several
sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the
outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the subgroup. He
reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W.H.O.
published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong
Kong, where about 15-20% of the population had become ill. As
soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began
the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed,
the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing
their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all
the known sub-groups of type A virus on this virus. None of them gave any
protection. This then, Was something new: a new influenza virus against which
the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever. Having
isolated the virus they were working with, the two doctors now conducted tests
on some specially selected animals, which contact influenza in the same way as
human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These
experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a
killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply "Asian"
flu.
单选题
单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became (1) in a variety of aerobic activities, and (2) thousands of health spas (3) around the country to capitalize on this (4) interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed (5) to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their (6) was not on aerobics, (7) on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, (8) , and endurance in their primarily male (9) . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit (10) from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs (11) few, if (12) , health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly (13) for males and for females. Many (14) programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. (15) , most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily (16) such fitness components have been related to (17) in athletics. (18) , in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health (19) as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now (20) that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.
单选题Which is true about "mass production" according to the author?
单选题
A. qu{{U}}ie{{/U}}t
B. soc{{U}}ie{{/U}}ty
C. y{{U}}ie{{/U}}ld
D. d{{U}}ie{{/U}}t
单选题Those dissenters of westernization made no mention of the
healthy
aspects of globalization.
单选题The reluctance of France to accept the global war is due to the fact that
单选题When an associate of the Mus6e d'Art Moderne Andr6-Malraux in Normandy flipped through the catalogue for the auction of impressionist art at Sotheby's in New York on November 2nd, he made a startling discovery. On sale was "Blanchisseuses souffrant des dents", a painting by Edgar Degas, which had been stolen in 1973 from a museum where it had been on loan from the Louvre. After being alerted by the French authorities, Sotheby's dropped the painting from the sale. Now an investigation is under way. The owner is likely to lose it without compensation when it is returned to France. Like most art collectors, the owner had no art-title insurance, which would have provided compensation for the painting's value. "Theft accounts for only a quarter of title disputes," says Judith Pearson, a co-founder of ARIS, a small insurance firm that has been selling title insurance since 2006 and which was taken over by Argo Group, a bigger insurer, earlier this month. Three-quarters of squabbles occur in cases of divorce or inheritance. A work of art may also carry liens after being used as a collateral for a loan. More rarely, two or more artists may collaborate but then disagree about who has authority to flog their co-production. Does the risk of title disputes warrant the cost of title insurance? ARIS charges a one-off premium of between 1.75% and 6% of the art's value. In return the company will cover the legal costs in case of a title dispute and compensate for the agreed value of the art if their client loses the ownership dispute. ARIS has so far written about 1,000 policies and has not yet had a claim. An alternative to art-title insurance is for collectors to do due diligence about the provenance of a work of art themselves. Yet many do not have the time or the tools to carry out such research, which is a complex undertaking as there is no central register of art ownership. And even sophisticated collectors get it wrong, as the clients of Salander-O'Reilly, a New York art gallery, discovered. It collapsed spectacularly in 2007 after it emerged that it had dealt in stolen art and defrauded its clients in a Madoffian manner for years. Such cases are exceptional, but as the market booms and the value of art increases, more art lovers will look for additional assurances that their art is really theirs.
单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true about John McDermott?
单选题
单选题All that he had learned only made him feel how little he knew in comparison with ______ remained to be known.
单选题Few people went to meet him at the railway station yesterday, ______ ? A．didnt they B．did they C．werent they D．were they
单选题
Passage Three (1) Viewed from a star
in some other corner of the galaxy, Earth would be a speck, a faint blue dot
hidden in the blazing light of our sun. While our neighbors Venus and Mars would
reflect a fairly even glow. Earth would put on a little show. Earth's light
would brighten and dim as it spins, because oceans, deserts, forests and clouds
which are all too small to be seen from such a distance, reflect varying amounts
of sunlight. The variations, it turns out, are so strong and distinctive that
surprising amount of information could be taken from a simple ebb and flow of
light. Scientists at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study
conducted a detailed study of Earth's reflections as a way for human scientists
to learn about distant planets that may be like our own. (2) "If
you looked at our solar system from far away, and you looked at the terrestrial
planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, one of the quickest ways to see that
Earth is unique, which is by looking at the light curve," said Ed Turner,
professor of astrophysics and a co-author of the study. "Earth has by far the
most complicated light curve." The standard thinking in the field had been that
most of the information about an Earth-like planet would come from spectral
analysis, a static reading of the relative component of different colors within
the light, rather than a reading of changes over time. Spectral analysis would
reveal the presence of gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and oxygen, in
the planet's atmosphere. Looking at the change in light over time does not
replace spectral analysis, but it could greatly increase the amount of
information scientists could learn, said Turner. It may indicate, for example,
the presence of weather, oceans, ice or even plant
life.
单选题They found the ______ bridge when they went across the village. A. old stone Chinese B. Chinese old stone C. old Chinese stone D. Chinese stone old
单选题
单选题{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
More than 6,000 children were expelled
(开除) from US school last year for bringing guns and bombs to school, the US
Department of Education said on May 8. The department gave a
report to the expulsions (开除) as saying handguns accounted for 58% of the 6,093
expulsions in 1996—1997, against 7% for rifles (步枪) or shotguns and 35% for
other types of firearms. "The report is a clear sign that our
nation's public schools are cracking down (严惩) on students who bring guns to
school," Education Secretary Richard Riley said in a statement.
In March 1997, an 11-year old boy and a 13-year old boy using handguns and
rifles shot dead four children and a teacher at a school in Arkansas. In
October, two were killed and seven wounded in a shooting at a Mississippi
school. Two months later, a 14-year old boy killed three high school
students and wounded five in Kentucky. Most of the expulsions,
56%, were from high school, 34% were from junior high schools and 9% were from
elementary schools, the report said.
单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}}
In 1784, five years before he became
president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So
he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them
from the mouths of his slaves. That's a far different image from
the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.
But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in
the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA
evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson
had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the
past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of
several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early
leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More
significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was
wrong--and yet most did little to fight it. More than anything,
the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.
While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they
also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the
country they helped to create. For one thing, the South could
not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank
account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His
Slaves, and the Creation of America. 'The southern states would not have signed
the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a
clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of
congressional representation. And the statesmen's political
lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow
victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the
southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended
slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13
states, including three slave states. Still, Jefferson freed
Hemings's children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other
slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal
after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,
overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their
freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required
legislative approval in Virginia.
单选题A: I like this apartment very much, but I"ll come back this evening with my wife and kids. Will that be convenient?
B: ______.
单选题M: Maria, I want you to have all my laundry ready by the time I get home.
W: You must be kidding!
Question: What does the woman mean?
单选题______ studies the internal structure of simple propositions. A. Predicate calculus B. Propositional calculus C. Sentential calculus
单选题The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a______visit to theirs.
单选题The large size and roughly circular shape of the Pacific made some scientists think that it ______ a hole left when the moon separated from the earth.
单选题
Given the choice between spending an
evening with friends and taking extra time for his school-work, Andy Klise
admits he would probably{{U}} (21) {{/U}}for the latter. It's not that
he doesn't like to have fun; It's just that his desire to excel{{U}} (22)
{{/U}}drives his decision-making process. A 2001 graduate of
Wooster High School and now a senior biology major at The College of Wooster,
Klise acknowledges that he may someday have{{U}} (23) {{/U}}thoughts
about his decision to limit the time he has spent{{U}} (24) {{/U}}, but
for now, he is comfortable with the choices he has made. "If things had not{{U}}
(25) {{/U}}out as well as they have, I would have had some regrets,"
says Klise, who was a Phi Beta Kappa inductee as a junior. "But spending the
extra time studying has been well worth the{{U}} (26) {{/U}}. I realized
early on that to be successful, I had to make certain{{U}} (27)
{{/U}}." {{U}} (28) {{/U}}the origin of his intense
motivation, Klise notes that it has been part of his makeup for as long as he
can remember. "I've always been goal{{U}} (29) {{/U}}," he says. "This
internal drive has caused me to give my all{{U}} (30) {{/U}}pretty much
everything I do." Klise{{U}} (31) {{/U}}Wooster's
nationally recognized Independent Study (I. S. ) program with preparing him for
his next{{U}} (32) {{/U}}in life: a research position with the National
Institute of Health (NIH). "I am hoping that my I.S. experience will help me{{U}}
(33) {{/U}}a research position with NIH," says Klise. "The yearlong
program gives students a chance to work with some of the nation's{{U}} (34)
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单选题______human problems that repeat themselves in______life repeat themselves in______literature.(北京大学2008年试题)
单选题It was because the applicant was too conceited ( ) he failed in the interview.
单选题On day one of my self-proclaimed Month of Gratitude, my five-year-old son woke up "bored" at 5: 15 a. m. , I spied a speeding ticket in my wife's purse, and our water heater spluttered to its death as I was getting into the shower. Ordinarily, I would have started complaining and the day would've been off to an ugly start. But this day was different. How cute my child's dimples(酒窝)are. How fetching my wife's taste for adventure. Only 29 days to go. Just a week earlier, as I struggled with the feeling that I'd been put on this earth to load and unload the dishwasher, I'd decided it was time to end my reflexive complaining. But it wasn't simply the little things that were annoying me. All of a sudden, my friends were dealing with bad news — cancer diagnoses, divorce, job loss. Shouldn't I be celebrating my relative good fortune? I'd heard about the feel-good benefits of a gratitude attitude. Hoping for tips, I called professor Emmons, who pioneered research on the benefits of positive thinking. Emmons quoted new studies that indicated that even pretending to be thankful raises levels of the chemicals associated with pleasure and contentment. He recommended keeping a log of everything I'm grateful for in a given week or month. I followed his suggestions, but my first attempts at keeping a gratitude list were pretty weak: coffee, naps, caffeine in general. As my list grew, I found more uplift: freshly picked blueberries; the Beatles' White Album; that I'm not bald. By day three, I was on a tear, thanking every grocery bagger and parent on the playground like I'd just won an Oscar and hanging post-it notes to remind myself of the next day's thank-you targets: the mailman, my son's math teacher. But soon, the full-on approach started to bum me out. Researchers call it the Pledge of Allegiance effect. " If you overdo gratitude, it loses its meaning or, worse, becomes a chore," professor Emmons told me when I mentioned my slump. Be selective, he advised, and focus on thanking the unsung heroes in your life. Then professor Emmons suggested a " gratitude visit. " Think of a person who has made a major difference in your life and whom you've never properly thanked. Compose a detailed letter to him or her that expresses your appreciation in concrete terms, then read it aloud, face-to-face. I immediately flashed on Miss Riggi, my eighth-grade English teacher. She was the first one to open my eyes to Hemingway, Faulkner, and other literary giants. To this day, I am guided by her advice("Never be boring"). I booked plane tickets to my hometown, Scranton, Pennsylvania. Miss Riggi was shorter than I remember, though unmistakable with her still long, black hair and bright, intelligent eyes. After a slightly awkward hug and small talk, we settled in. I took a deep breath and read. "I want to thank you in person for the impact you've had on my life," I began. "Nearly 30 years ago, you introduced my eighth-grade class to the wonders of the written word. Your passion for stories and characters and your enthusiasm for words made me realize there was a world out there that made sense to me. " And whether it was Miss Riggi's enormous smile when I finished the letter, or the way she held it close as we said goodbye, my feeling of peace and joy remained long after I returned home. Since then, I have written several more gratitude letters, and my wife and I both summon our "training" when we feel saddled by life. The unpleasant matters are still there, but appreciation, I've learned, has an echo — and it's loud enough to drown out the grumbling of one man emptying the dishwasher.
单选题According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women. B. The constant changes in women's clothing reflect their strength of character. C. The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society. D. Fashion designers should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.
单选题Was ______ Bill, ______ played basketball very well, ______ helped the blind man across the street? A) that; that; who B) it; that; that C) it; who; that D) this; who; who
单选题Mr. Smith would just rather we ______ now, but we must go to work.
单选题从下面提供的答案中选出应填入下列英文语句中______内的正确答案。 With the widespread use of the personal computer, many authorities in the field of (1) have point out need for computer literacy. Unfortunately, there is no (2) agreement as to what term computer literacy means. Some feel that computer literacy means knowing how to make the computer compute; that is,knowing how to program computers in one or more programming languages. Others feel that knowing how to program is merely a small segment of computer literacy. These people (3) the major emphasis in schools should be on teaching how to effectively use the many software packages that available. Still others suggest that computer literacy education is not required. They suggest that computers are being so rapidly integrated into our society that using a computer will be as (4) as using a telephone or a video tape recorder, and that special education will not be necessary. (5) of ones definition of computer literacy, it is recognized by most that learrung to use a computer is indeed an important skill in modern society.
单选题The most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration Period was John Dryden, poet,______and playwright.
单选题But the judge surprised the entire court when he stated, "The ______ of the marriage contract invalidated it."
单选题Was it ______ the professor regarded with such contempt?
A. them who
B. them whom
C. he who
D. those
单选题Given the Secretary of State's ______ the President's foreign policies, he has no choice but to resign. A. reliance on B. antipathy toward C. pretense of D. support for
单选题Proper clothes ______ for much in business. That's why you see most business People dress formally. A. count B. account C. allow D. care
单选题Our ability to think has long been considered central to what makes us human. Now research suggests that our bodies and their relationship with the environment (1) even our most abstract thoughts. This includes thinking up random numbers or deciding (2) to review positive or negative experiences. "Advocates of traditional (3) of cognition would be surprised," says Tobias Loetscher at the University of Melbourne in Parkville, Australia. "They (4) consider human reasoning to involve abstract cognitive processes without any connection to body or space." Until recently, the (5) has been that our bodies (6) only to our most basic interactions with the environment, (7) sensory and motor processes. The new results suggest that our bodies are also (8) to produce abstract thought, and that even seemingly (9) activities have the power to influence our thinking. (10) that our bodies may play a role in thought can be found in the metaphors we use to describe situations, (11) "I was given the cold shoulder" or "she has an excellent grasp of relativity". Thirty years ago, such (12) led the linguist and philosopher George Lakoff at the University of Califor- nia, Berkeley, together with philosopher Mark Johnson at the University of Oregon in Eugene, to (13) "conceptual metaphor theory", the notion that we think of abstract concepts (14) how our bodies function. Now (15) for the theory has started to (16) in. In 2008, (17) , researchers found that people made to feel socially (18) reported feeling physically colder. Now, Loetscher and his colleagues have (19) our ability to think of random numbers--an example of abstract thought--to bodily (20)
单选题The new book focuses on the concept that to Uachieve/U and maintain total health, people need physical,social and emotiona l well-being.
单选题
单选题He was fired by his boss last week, because he ______ his duty.
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单选题According to the passage, we can guess it is safer to take a car driven by a woman because
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单选题Whitman wrote Leaves of Grass as a tribute(赞颂) to the Civil War soldiers who (had laid) on the battlefields and (whom) he (had seen) (while serving) as an army nurse.
单选题Every animal is a living radiator--heat formed in its cells is given off through its skin. Warm blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by constantly replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones. Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say they live faster. The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxy gen. A chicken, for example, uses one-half cubit centimeter of oxygen every hour for each gram it weights. The tiny shrew uses four cubit centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weights. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouse-like shrew is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded creatures, tile humming-bird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant. There is a limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A mammal or bird that weighted only two and a half grams would starve to death, h would bum up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply more fuel.
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单选题There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and newspaper editors have struggled to define the community"s responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her.
The fact is, in New York State the system couldn"t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel.
Why does the state permit violence against children? There are a number of reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against
sparing the rod.
Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful.
Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the "liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control." More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher"s privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force.
Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.
To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents" conduct.
More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.
单选题W: What would you do if you were in my place?M: If Paul were my son, I'd just not worry. Now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he is working hard himself, he's sure to do well in the next exam.Q: What's the man's suggestion to the woman? A. Teaching her son by herself. B. Having confidence in her son. C. Asking the teacher for extra help. D. Telling her son not to worry.
单选题Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read sortie of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards (内在部分) are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind. In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won't stand much blowing up, and it won't stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming mysterious and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit. One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad people—clowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyone's life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boot (or as Josh Billings wittily called them, "tire boots"). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite a fiction not quite a fact either. Beneath the sparking surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe. Practically everyone is a manic depressive of sorts, with his up moments and his down moments, and you certainly don't have to be a humorist to taste the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rather fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the point where his emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite realm, it is because humor, like poetry, has an extra content. It plays close to the big hot fire, which is Truth, and sometimes the reader feels the heat.
单选题The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities.
Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing (打盹) in a corner, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.
It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as "a marvelous jewel", while the Englishman will flatly state "Um, she"s all right." An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, "It"s not bad." The overseas visitors must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that "all right", "not bad" are very often used with the sense of "first class", "excellent". This special use of language is particularly common in English.