单选题A complex operation called spinal fusion has emerged as the treatment of choice for many kinds of back pain. But a number of researchers say there is little scientific evidence to show that for most patients, spinal fusion works any better than a simpler operation, the lamineetomy (椎板切除术). Some people would be better off with no surgery at all. Even doctors who favor fusions say that more research is needed on their benefits. In the absence of better data, critics point to a different reason for the fusion operation's fast rise: money. Medicare can pay a surgeon as much as four times more for a spinal fusion as for a laminectomy. Hospitals also collect two to four times as much. "We all cave in to market and economic forces," said Dr. Edward C. Benzel. Though doctors, as a rule, should favor the least complicated treatment—with surgery being the last resort — Dr. Benzel estimated that fewer than half of the spinal fusions done today were probably appropriate. Doctors and hospitals are not the only players with a financial stake in fusion operations. Critics blame the companies that make the hardware for promoting more complex fusions without evidence that they are significantly more effective. Some sort of hardware is used in almost 90 percent of lower-back fusions and the national bill for the hardware alone has soared to $ 2.5 billion a year. The hardware makers acknowledge giving surgeons millions of dollars for consulting and researches, but say the money promotes technical and medical advances that improve back care. But a lawsuit brought by Scott A. Wiese, a former sales representative of Medtronic-the biggest maker of spinal hardware, accused the company of trying to persuade surgeons to use its products with offers of first-class plane tickets to Hawaii and nights at the finest hotels. Medtronic said it did nothing wrong, and it denied the accusations in the lawsuit. But the company disclosed earlier this year that the federal government was investigating charges that it paid illegal kickbacks to surgeons. Federal officials declined to comment on the investigation, and Medtronic said it would vigorously defend itself. Still, between the allure of money and the quest for breakthroughs in treatment, some prominent spinal surgeons say that back care has gone astray.

单选题{{B}}Passage 14{{/B}} The new prestige of the British graduates is the most spectacular because in the past Britain has been much {{U}}(1) {{/U}}interested in universities and degrees than other advanced countries—or even some backward {{U}}(2) {{/U}} In 1901 Ramsay Muir observed that Britain had {{U}}(3) {{/U}} universities per head than any other civilized country in Europe except Turkey. A UNESCO survey in 1967 {{U}}(4) {{/U}} Britain was still close to the bottom in Europe, in {{U}}(5) {{/U}} of the proportion of the age-group from twenty to twenty-four who were enrolled in {{U}}(6) {{/U}} education. Most continental countries in the last decade have expanded {{U}}(7) {{/U}} higher education faster than Britain. University statistics are notoriously difficult to compare, because of the different implications of the word "student"; in most continental countries anyone who {{U}}(8) {{/U}} his final school exam—the baccalaureat (中学毕业会考)—is entitled to go into the university on the principle of "let him pass"; but he has {{U}}(9) {{/U}} guarantees of tuition or personal attention. Partly as a result there are far more drop-outs and "ghost students"; in France half the students never become graduates. A comparison of graduates, as opposed {{U}}(10) {{/U}} students, shows Britain in more favorable light, for most British students take a degree. {{U}}(11) {{/U}} even in terms of graduates, Britain is still {{U}}(12) {{/U}} in the Europe league. Going to university is a much more solid {{U}}(13) {{/U}} among the sons of the bourgeoisie in France or Germany than in{{U}} (14) {{/U}} ; many of the British middle-classes— {{U}}(15) {{/U}} the shopkeepers and small-business men—have tended to be skeptical, if {{U}}(16) {{/U}} actually hostile, to university education for their children, and there are still rich and quite intelligent parents who will prefer their children to go straight {{U}}(17) {{/U}} school into the city, to the army {{U}}(18) {{/U}} to farming but the attractions of a BA or an MA have penetrated into areas, {{U}}(19) {{/U}}among the rich and the poor, where they would not have been felt twenty {{U}}(20) {{/U}} ago; and they are far-reaching.

单选题The aim of their revolution is to leave scientists free to continue research, ______ by any regulation.

单选题The Mona Lisa, ______ in Italy, is now in the Louvre, a museum in Paris.

单选题When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e., great artists, inventors and scientists—a select and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive province of a lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face—the discovery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing inventions and products. Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posing oneself a problem and then originating or inventing a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves drawing new analogies, discovering new combinations, and new applications of things that are already known. It follows, then, that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of problem. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventional ideas and will be less interested in facts than in their implications. Most important of all, he will be able to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too concerned about other people"s reaction to his apparently "crazy" notions. People called the Wright brothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to construct and fly a heavier-than-air craft.

单选题A: It's such a hot day! Can I get you something cold to drink?B: ______

单选题You can never ______ that fellow for help at a critical moment. A. rely on B. count on C. depend on D. trust on

单选题I go to the barber every three weeks. I don't like very short hair, so my barber doesn't cut off much. I have known him for almost four years now, and when I go to him, we always talk a lot. He tells me all his news, and I tell him all mine. He meets a lot of interesting people in his shop and he talks to most of them, so he always has a lot of news for me. Every year my barber goes to France for two weeks for his holidays, and when he comes back to England, he has a lot of interesting news. While he is cutting my hair, he tells me about beautiful old cities and quiet little villages, strange food and drinks and many other things. I sit there and listen to the old man with open ears. One minute, my barber's chair is a seat in a French train, and the next minute it becomes a chair in a restaurant in Paris. Although my barber is old, he always tries new things. He never says, "I have never eaten this food before, so I am not going to eat it now." He says instead, "Try everything once./

单选题The Winfields are a quite conventional family.

单选题A. soul B. allow C. fold D. soap

单选题The chemical factory was pulled down ______ protecting the environment.

单选题{{B}}Questions 26-30 are based on the following advertisements:{{/B}} {{B}}A{{/B}} Media DirectorJob Code: A-05-010 POSTED: Feb. 13 Salary:$ 90,000—$120,000 Location: Irving TX Employer: Michaels Stores Inc. Type: Full Time—Experienced Description Basic Function: The Media Director is responsible for managing the Media Department. The Media Director is responsible for overseeing market analyses and media recommendations for all existing, new and prospective retail locations. The Media Director manages and reviews all advertising expenses that pertain to media and oversees all media agreements for newspapers, radio, television, outdoor and magazine advertising. The Media Director is responsible for the motivation,training, and development of direct staff which includesanalystsand coordinators. The Media Director determines the media goals and objectives for the company and executes overall media strategy. Notes: U.S. Residents Only. Employer will assist with relocation costs. Salary is based on full compensation package including bonus and executive stock plan. Requirement EDUCATION:Bachelor's Degree: Degree in Advertising, Marketing or related field.WORK EXPERIENCE:Minimum of 10 years in all phases of print media buying and planning.Ten years' experience in a Business environment.Experience in ROI, sales, and trade area analyses.Thorough experience in retail advertising.Proven directorial experience. {{B}}B{{/B}} Desktop Technology Consultant Work Schedule Full Time Salary $ 41,000--59,500* Location Washington D.C. metropolitan area Description: Computer Information Systems professionals: if you enjoy being the one that everyone comes to for computer technical help, then we are looking for you. You will respond to incoming customer calls for IT assistance; provide one-on-one consultation and applications troubleshooting assistance. * Employees within the organization have opportunities for additional salary advancement.

单选题Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (青少年犯罪) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (56) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (57) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (58) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (59) as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (60) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (61) to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (62) juvenile crime rates. Families have also (63) changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (64) , children are likely to have less supervision at home, (65) was common in the traditional family (66) . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (67) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (68) of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (69) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (70) a direct causal relationship (因果关系) has not yet been established.

单选题Why do you stand watch the milk ______ over.A. boilingB. boiledC. to boilD. being boiled

单选题Salesperson: ______ Customer: Yes, I"ll have a grilled fish and some chips.

单选题In his speech, he gave us ______ on how to learn a foreign language.

单选题______from a distance the mountain looks like an elephant.

单选题Text 3 In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system for a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

单选题Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for (1) in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not (2) with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws (3) an impressive " small fire" weaponry. They could not even defend themselves (4) running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been (5) to failure and extinction. But they were (6) with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search (7) the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had (8) efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color that the animals of the grasslands did not (9) . The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far (10) the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was (11) another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the (12) the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight-so (13) they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not (14) . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men (15) the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk (16) . This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became (17) still. (18) , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became (19) to the new, unstable position that (20) them the name Homo erectus, upright man.