问答题Make a comment on Ernest Hemingway"s novel A Farewell to Arms.

问答题Directions: Suppose you want to study at a foreign university. Write a letter to 1) ask about its accommodation and fees, and 2) what qualifications one needs for acceptance. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.

问答题Success in improving students' thinking skills will require long-term commitment and a continuing emphasis on those proven teaching methods and activities that engage students in thinking, explicitly focus on specific thinking skills, and help students become more aware of their own thought processes. Instruction in thinking skills will have lasting benefits--students better able to acquire new information, to examine complex issues critically, and to solve new problems. In a world of rapid change and increasing complexity, it is difficult to imagine skills that are more fundamental. Like the ability to fish in the Chinese proverb, the ability to think lasts a lifetime.

问答题Outline:A. The importance of the personal competence and success in life;B. My experience on my way to success;C. My opinion on how to promote personal success.

问答题免疫系统紊乱

问答题虽说分享的确是种美德，但是在社交媒体上过度分享，不仅会伤害友情更是会殃及事业前途。人们需要在私生活与职场生活、分享与炫耀、好心与惹人厌之间寻求一种良性平衡。

问答题Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don"t know where they should go next. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan"s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party"s education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War Ⅱ had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents." But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it"s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization, fully 76 percent of Japan"s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.

问答题Directions: You are asked to write a composition according to the outline given below. Your composition should be not less than 120 words. You should write it clearly. (1)竞争是社会生活中常见的现象。 (2)我们发现竞争与合作共存。 (3)在竞争时也应合作。

问答题刚参加工作时遇到了哪困难。 2．产生这困难的原因。 3．如何克服这困难。

问答题Remember to write it clearly. (1)随着生活水平的提高，人们比以往更加重视着装。 (2)着装在生活中很重要。 (3)我的观点。

问答题Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

问答题Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 150 words. The essay should be based on the title: Understanding Is the Key to A Harmonious Relationship.

问答题 {{U}}The types of daydreams, whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles: positive, negative and scattered, American Health reports.{{/U}} Although everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy, playful or entertaining scenarios. (2){{U}}Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life's darker side imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations, such as the{{/U}} {{U}}appearance of a fatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence.{{/U}} Scattered daydreamers are easily bored and distracted. "Their mental images tend to be fleeting, repetitive and shallow, like variations on the same fairy tales," explains Yale psychologist Ron Tower. (3){{U}}While all three types are common, positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards (跳板) for problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious.{{/U}} Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe "to fall." Their imaginations are often guilt-ridden or obsessive. There are times when drifting away can cause problems, according to Bolin. "If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day, the person won't be very productive," she says. "The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is what's important. It should not take up all of your time. (4){{U}}If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive (过多的) , they should take a realistic look at what's going on in their life and ask themselves what the are trying to avoid.{{/U}} Then they can assess what steps they need to take to correct the situation." (Anyone who has a hard time discriminating between reality and imagination or starts replacing real life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.) (5){{U}}Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person: "by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instead of squelching (抑制) them, you may find there are parts of yourself you haven't been listening to.{{/U}} Instead of fearing them, you'll gain access to tremendous range of interesting, creative ideas."

问答题The word 'culture' is probably the single most central concept in twentieth-century anthropology. Anthropologists use the word 'culture' in a number of different senses. It seems to us that some of them use it as equivalent to what we call a form of social life. In its ordinary use in English, 'culture', which is much the same idea as cultivation, refers to the process by which a person acquires, from contact with other persons or from such things as books or works of art, knowledge, skill, ideas, beliefs, tastes, and sentiments. That is the definition of 'culture'. In a particular society we can discover certain processes of cultural tradition, using the word tradition in its literal meaning of handing on or handing down. The understanding and use of a language is passed on by a process of cultural tradition in this sense. An Englishman learns by such a process to understand and use the English language, but in some sections of the society he may also learn Latin, or Greek, or French, or Welsh. In complex modem societies there are a great number of separate cultural traditions. By one a person may learn to be a doctor or surgeon, by another he may learn to be an engineer or an architect. In the simplest forms of social life the number of separate cultural traditions may be reduced to two, one for men and the other for women. If we treat the social reality that we are investigating as being not an entity but a process, then culture and cultural tradition are names for certain recognizable aspects of that process, but not, of course, the whole process. The terms are convenient ways of referring to certain aspects of human social life. It is by reason of the existence of culture and cultural traditions that human social life differs very markedly from the social life of other animal species. The transmission of learnt ways of thinking, feeling and acting constitutes the cultural process, which is a specific feature of human social life. It is, of course, part of that process of interaction among persons which is here defined as the social process thought of as the social reality. Continuity and change in the forms of social life being the subjects of investigation of comparative sociology, the continuity of cultural traditions and changes in those traditions are amongst the things that have to be taken into account.

问答题Read the following paragraphs and then answer four questions. (北外201 1年研)The idea behind the experiential vision of learning is that the use of the target language for communicative purposes is not only the goal of learning, but also a means of learning in its own right. This may clearly involve students using language which they may not have fully mastered, and contrasts with other more ' traditional' approaches which emphasize part practice (i. e., isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning) leading up in a more or less controlled manner to integrated language use for communicative purposes. An experiential approach to learning may therefore involve a degree of what Johnson (1982) refers to as an ' in at the deep end strategy'. Simply throwing learners into wholly uncontrolled and undirected language use is, of course, as dubious a strategy with respect to language learning as doing the same with someone who is learning to swim. For this reason, considerable effort has been devoted by methodologists, material writers, and teachers in recent decades to the way in which two sets of factors can be combined. One is the basic insight that language use can serve a significant role in promoting learning, and the other is the acknowledgement that use of the language needs to be structured in a coherent and pedagogically manageable way. The experiential vision of learning has evolved in a variety of ways since the 1960s and is now encountered in a number of differing forms. Nevertheless, most experiential approaches to learning rest on five main principles which were developed in the earlier days of the communicative movement, even if certain receive more attention in one variant than in another. These principles are the following: message focus, holistic practice, the use of authentic materials, the use of communication strategies, and the use of collaborative modes of learning. (Tudor 2001: 79)An analytical view of learning posits that according explicit attention to the regularities of language and language use can play a positive role in learning. Each language manifests a number of structural regularities in areas such as grammar, lexis and phonology, and also with respect to the ways in which these elements are combined to communicate messages. The question, therefore, is not whether languages have structural regularities or not, but whether and in which way explicit attention to such regularities can facilitate the learning of the language. An analytical approach to learning rests on a more or less marked degree of part practice, i. e. , isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning, even if its ultimate goal remains the development of learners' ability to put these parts together for integrated, holistic use. At least, two main considerations lend support to an analytical approach to learning. First, in terms of learning in general , the isolation and practice of sub-parts of a target skill is a fairly common phenomenon. ... Second, explicit identification of regularities in a language has advantages which Johnson (1996: 83) refers to as 'generativity' and ' economy'. Mastering a regularity in a language gives learners access to the generative potential of this regularity in new circumstances. ... Explicit presentation or discovery of the structural regularities of a language can therefore represent a short-cut to mastery of this language and support learners' ability to manipulate these regularities for communicative purposes. (Tudor 2001: 86-7)1. What are the differences between experiential and analytical modes of language learning?2. What serves as the theoretical foundation for the experiential mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?3. What serves as the theoretical foundation for the analytical mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?4. How would you balance the two modes of learning in your teaching or learning of a foreign language?

问答题High-speed electronic communications media，such as electronic mail，telephone and television，tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication． To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? You should write at least 250 words． You should use your own ideas，knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence．

问答题critical period hypothesis

问答题电子计算机的发明使人类生活的各方面发生了很大变化。

问答题56. When you are in the business of sending spacecraft to other planets, it is probably wise to do everything you can m keep your space-probes sterile (无菌的). NASA, America's space agency, certainly does so. After all, you would not want hugs from one planet to contaminate another where they might possibly thrive. But according to Curt Mileikowsky, of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, this may already have happened naturally billions of years ago when the solar sys- tem was young. For Dr Mileikowsky has taken a century-old idea called panspermia (有生源说), and shown that it is plausible. 57. Panspermia is the theory that life does not start independently on each planet that has it (assuming that other planets do). Rather, it hops from place to place, "infecting" new worlds as it goes. Supported by experts in biology, geology and celestial mechanics, Dr Mileikowsky argued to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta that this is not as outlandish as it sounds. 58. Bungling (笨手笨脚) space organizations apart, the only mode of travel open to microbes seems to be meteorites (流星). Most of these are small bits of junk from the asteroid (小行星) belt that have gone off course. But some are rocks that have been flung into space from the surfaces of planets as a result of those planets having been struck by even larger bits of rock--decent-sized asteroids or comets. 59. If there is life on such a planet, microscopic forms of it will probably live deep in- side rocks, as they do on earth. The acceleration of lift-off would not kill something that size. 60. If a rock is large enough, the heat generated as it is thrown clear will be negligible except at its surface--where, ii anything, melting may even produce an airtight skin to protect any microbes deeper down from the unpleasant vacuum of space.

问答题Which of Emerson"s works is called "America"s Intellectual Declaration of Independence"?