问答题 Immediately after the Civil War, however, the diet began to change. 46){{U}} Rail transportation increased the supply and improved the quality of the milk that reached urban centers; cold storage and refrigerator cars made possible the greater consumption of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and fresh fish; and commercial canning extended the range of appetizing and healthful foods{{/U}}. Subsequently food statistics indicated an increased consumption of dairy products, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, sugar and syrups, coffee, tea, cocoa, and spices. Decreased consumption was shown for meats, potatoes, and grain products. 47){{U}} By and large, the American diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products: rather than on grains. which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the American public{{/U}}. Whereas a grain and fish diet, such as in Japan, requires only a quarter of an acre high yield cropland and no pasture per capita, the American diet requires about two and a half acres of cropland and ten acres of pasture per capita-Also it indicated a shift toward the so-called protective foods, toward those high in vitamins and proteins. 48){{U}} This change was greatly furthered by governmental food inspection ( the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906), by the increasing, use of mechanical refrigerators in the 1920's and 1910's and of freezers for frozen food during recent decades.{{/U}} In the years after World War I a food revolution took place that was reminiscent of the one that occurred after the Civil War. The output of the food manufacturing industry quadrupled from 1900 to 1920.49){{U}} In that interval, as we have mentioned earlier, home canning gave way to commercial canning and the labor of housekeeping was lightened.{{/U}} Fortunately most of the major dietary changes that have taken place since the middle of the nineteenth century have resulted in better nutrition for the population. In port, these shifts have taken place because of a preference for new foods rather than old, but in part, they have been made because the new foods were advocated by nutritionists. Apparently American dietary customs were not so deeply ingrained as to prevent change in the interests of better health. 50){{U}} Possibly one factor that has contributed to the readiness of Americans to accept new foods or food preparations as the general familiarity most have with a variety of regional dishes coming from many different lands.{{/U}} Within a small area in New York City or San Francisco, one can find restaurants specializing in French, Italian, German, Turkish, Arabian, or Chinese cuisine. And at a Chinese restaurant in the United States the chef and waiter are as likely as not to he Oriental.

问答题debris

问答题People can recognize differences between children and adults. Can you simply say that college students are adults? What events(experiences or ceremonies)make a person an adult? You composition should be no less than 400 words.

问答题PIIGS

问答题2011年11月29日，国家副主席习近平会见了国际劳工组织总干事胡安?索马维亚一行，对U人力资源和社会保障部/U与国际劳工组织合作谅解备忘录联委会的召开表示祝贺。

问答题In your understanding what roles do corpus data play in language studies? Part V

问答题We cannot draw to us more than we believe we are worth. Everything that happens to us and every choice we make is a reflection of what we believe about who we are. Our inspiration comes from our self-acceptance. Our motivation comes from our self-reliance. When we accept ourselves and rely on ourselves, we feel good about ourselves. When you feel good about something, you believe in it. When you believe in it, it will work for you!

问答题The social costs of unemployment go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary - that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be a simple net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. "We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new agreement on the division and distribution of labor” Seymour says.

问答题A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in the moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined."? Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.

问答题(新华社供本报专稿)“华东新闻"2004年06月08日第二版

问答题In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance.

问答题Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms. Use examples if necessary.Language learning and language acquisition.

问答题Directions: Many students have complained about the price and the limited varieties of the dishes of the canteen this semester. As the president of Student Union, please write a letter of complaint to the manager of the canteen. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET with no less than 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

问答题人们在节假日无节制消费 2. 大量消费对个人和社会的影响 3. 我的看法……

问答题Since his blood pressure is much higher than it should be, his doctor insists that he should not smoke.

问答题You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at till end of the letter. Use “Jordan” instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题全球经济刺激政策是否同进同退 2008年9月15日，以雷曼兄弟倒闭为转折点，美国次贷危机进一步恶化，并迅速 演变为波及全球的金融风暴。世界各国迅速采取救市行动，来抵御金融危机的冲击，各 国刺激经济的政策几乎是同步跟进。 一是采取张性的货币政策(expansionary fiscal policy)。2008年10月8日世 界6家主要央行有史以来首次联手降息。美联储、欧洲央行、英国央行、瑞士央行、 加拿大央行和瑞典央行，联合宣布将基准利率均下调50基点。全球共同降息的通道就 此打开，各国利率水平不断下调。2008年12月16日美联储决定将联邦基金利率降到 历史最低点；2009年3月5日英国央行和欧洲央行均宣布降息50基点，利率双双创出 历史新低，全球主要国家的利率几乎同步进入零利率时代。 二是采取量化宽松政策(quantitative easing and increased money supply)。2009 年3月5日英国央行货币政策委员会正式宣布将实行量化宽松政策，扩大货币供应量， 向市场注入流动性。2009年3月18日美国联邦储备委员会决定大手笔购买1.15万亿美 元债券，也开始转向量化宽松政策。2009年5月7日欧洲央行决定将买入担保债券，并 延长面向商业银行的回购操作期限。日本、英国、美国和欧元区等发达国家和地区为了 应对金融危机，先后都开始采取非常规的货币政策手段——通过量化宽松政策向市场大 量注入流动性以恢复经济，体现了量化宽松政策的同步性。 现在全球经济有复苏迹象，各国也在考虑宏观经济政策的退出问题(macroeconomic exit strategy)。如美国联邦储备委员会9月23日表示，美国经济在经历严重衰退后正 在复苏，并决定放缓购买抵押贷款支持证券的步伐。美联储将从2010年初开始削减短期 资金拍卖规模，而欧洲央行、瑞士央行以及英国央行也宣布，将收紧向金融体系注入美 元流动性的步伐。宏观经济政策普遍有退出的迹象。10月6日，澳大利亚储备银行率先 宣布将基准利率提高了0.25%至3.25%，这是后危机时代首个加息的国家，其他国家是 否会跟进加息呢?宽松的政策是否要齐步退出呢?笔者认为宏观经济政策的退出将是一个渐进的过程、一个协调的过程。 首先政策退出是一个渐进的过程。金融危机来袭，各国面临同样的困境，对经济前 景的判断一致，各国都同时采取措施抵御危机的冲击，宏观经济政策高度一致。但是一 旦经济开始恢复，由于各国受到金融危机影响的程度不同，各国经济恢复程度也会有所 不同，同时各国对经济复苏的判断也会有所不同，因此宏观经济政策的退出时机和步伐 可能会不尽相同。如美国联邦储备委员会主席伯南克10月8日表示，在美国经济取得足 够改善时，美联储将收紧货币政策，以避免通货膨胀加剧，这意味着目前还不是政策退 出之时，宽松的货币政策仍然要保持。一旦宏观经济形势明显改善，信贷市场恢复正常， 投资和消费恢复，美联储才会将逐步退出宽松的货币政策。笔者认为退出过程也将是渐 进的。开始应是逐步退出量化宽松政策的数量型工具，恢复美联储的资产负债表，使其 回到正常水平。目前美联储的资产负债表扩张到2.18万亿美元，潜在的通货膨胀风险上 升，因此一旦信贷市场恢复，美联储就要削减量化宽松政策的力度，直至退出量化宽松 政策。若经济恢复增长，通货膨胀预期上升，物价水平开始上涨，美联储可能开始加息， 提高融资的成本，遏制需求的过度扩张和通货膨胀上升。因此政策退出将是一个渐进的 过程，将由数量型工具退出向价格型工具退出过渡，数量型工具和价格型工具退出的本 身也将是一个渐进的过程，退出的步伐将根据宏观经济形势的变化而变化。如果经济恢 复快，则政策退出的速度也会加快。 同时政策退出还是一个协调的过程。在全球金融危机爆发的时候，全球宏观经济政 策容易协调，各国同时采取宽松的宏观经济政策。但是在政策退出时，笔者认为为了全 球经济的平稳恢复和发展，也要加强各国宏观经济政策退出的协调。在经济全球化的时 代，金融一体化程度越来越高，各国之间的金融联系也越来越紧密，在开放经济的条件 下，一国宏观经济政策有着重要的溢出效应(spillover effect)。如澳洲央行升息后， 澳元开始走强，美元下跌，油价和黄金价格上涨，通货膨胀的风险上升。如果只是单个 国家采取退出政策，还会面临调整的压力，如货币升值和出口下降等。同时单个国家货 币政策的效果也较弱。目前澳元仍旧是主要货币当中利率最高的一个，也是主要货币当 中第一种开始加息的货币，澳元升值预期上升，吸引资本流入，可能会进一步推高资产 价格上涨和通货膨胀，将抵消货币政策加息的效果。在当今相互依赖的经济环境中，单 个国家的宏观经济政策会有溢出效果，国内的政策会对其他国家经济产生作用，同时政 策的效果也会减弱。溢出效应提供了国际政策协调的理论前提，在不同国家之间的政策 合作对世界经济能够起到帕累托最优的效果，也就是说一国的货币政策既有利于促进本 国经济的增长，又不会对别国经济产生不良效果。事实上，即使最优的结果难以取得， 政策的协调也比非合作对付国际经济的不稳定更有效果。随着国际金融市场自由化、全 球化的发展，国际经济的依赖性相互增强，需要进一步加强宏观经济政策退出的协调， 促进全球经济的平稳增长。

问答题Semantics