填空题When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble ________every word out of the professors mouth

填空题The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to is known as the ________theory

填空题[A]Anti-virussoftwareoftenbouncesawarningbacktothesenderofaninfectede-mail,sayingthatthee-mailinquestioncannotbedeliveredbecauseitcontainsavirus.SoBig.Fwasabletospoofthissystemby"harvesting"e-mailaddressesfromtheharddisksofinfectedcomputers.Someoftheseaddresseswerethensentinfectede-mailsthathadbeendoctoredtolookasthoughtheyhadcomefromotherharvestedaddresses.Thelatterwerethussentwarnings,eventhoughtheirmachinesmaynothavebeeninfected.[B]Blasterworkedbycreatinga"bufferoverrunintheremoteprocedurecall".InEnglish,thatearnsitattackedapieceofsoftwareusedbyMicrosoft'sWindowsoperatingsystemtoallowonecomputertocontrolanother.Itdidsobycausingthatsoftwaretousetoomuchmemory.[C]Thoughbothoftheseprogramsfellshortoftheapparentobjectivesoftheirauthors,theystillcauseddamage.Forinstance,theyforcedtheshutdownofanumberofcomputernetworks,includingtheoneusedbytheNewYorkTimesnewsroom,andtheoneorganizingtrainsoperatedbyCSX,afreightcompanyonAmerica'seastcoast.Computerscientistsexpectthatitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeatrulydevastatingvirusisunleashed.[D]Mostwormsworkbyexploitingweaknessesinanoperatingsystem,butwhoeverwroteBlasterhadaparticularlyrefinedsenseofhumour,sincethewebsiteunderattackwastheonefromwhichuserscouldobtainaprogramtofixtheveryweaknessinWindowsthatthewormitselfwasexploiting.[E]OnewaytodealwithawickedwormlikeBlasteristodesignafairygodmotherwormthatgoesaroundrepairingvulnerablemachinesautomatically.InthecaseofBlastersomeoneseemstohavetriedexactlythatwithaprogramcalledWelchi.However,accordingtoMr.Haley,WelchihascausedalmostasmanyproblemsasBlasteritself,byoverwhelmingnetworkswith"pings"signalsthatcheckedforthepresenceofothercomputers.[F]SoBig.Fwasthemorevisibleofthetworecentwavesofinfectionbecauseitpropagateditselfbye-mail,meaningthatvictimsnoticedwhatwasgoingon.SoBig.Fwassoeffectivethatitcausedsubstantialdisruptioneventothoseprotectedbyanti-virussoftware.Thatwasbecausesomanycopiesofthevirusspread(some500,000computerswereinfected)thatmanymachineswereoverwhelmedbymessagesfromtheirownanti-virussoftware.Ontopofthat,onecommoncounter-measurebackfired,increasingtrafficstillfurther.[G]KevinHaleyofSymantec,afirmthatmakesanti-virussoftware,thinksthatonereasonSoBig.Fwassomuchmoreeffectivethanothervirusesthatworkthiswayisbecauseitwasbetteratsearchinghard-drivesforaddresses.BrianKing,ofCERT,aninternet-securitycentreatCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPittsburgh,notesthat,unlikeitsprecursors,SoBig.Fwascapableof"multi-threading":itcouldsendmultiplee-mailssimultaneously,allowingittodispatchthousandsinminutes.

填空题John Donnes famous analogy of parting lovers to a drawing compass provides a prime example of ________

填空题The color of a car is secondary________ its quality and price

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填空题In August 1969 an unmarried pregnant woman living in Texas wanted to terminate her pregnancy by having an abortion. Her doctor refused this request because Texas law made it a crime to have an abortion unless the operation was necessary to save the mother"s life. 1 Throughout the legal proceedings, the woman was identified as Jane Roe to protect her anonymity. Roe"s lawyers claimed that the Texas abortion laws violated her rights under the due process clause of the 14thAmendment, which prohibited states from depriving their citizens of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. 2 Justice Harry Blackmun recognized that a woman"s right to an abortion could be limited by "a compelling state interest" to protect her health and life. Based on medical evidence, Justice Blackmun concluded that during the "second trimester" of a woman"s pregnancy(months 4 to 6), the star might intervene to regulate abortion to protect the mother"s well-being. And the state could regulate or prohibit abortion during the third trimester (months 7 to 9). 3 The Roe decision has generated continuing controversy. 4 Its critics can be roughly divided into two groups: those who oppose the decision because they believe abortion is murder and those who believe that the Court improperly substituted its policy preference for the will of the people as expressed through their elected representatives in state governments. 5 And so it has been since 1973, when the Roe case was decided. Efforts to modify or overturn the Roe decision have continued. In Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989), for example, the Court upheld provisions of a Missouri law that restricted the right to an abortion, a retreat from the Roe decision that stopped short of overturning it. A. However, during the first trimester (months 1 to 3) of a pregnancy, it seemed unlikely that there would be "a compelling state interest" to restrict abortion rights to protect the health and life of the mother. B. Abortions performed in the first trimester (months 1 to 3) pose virtually no long-term risk of such problems as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion(miscarriage)or birth defect, and little or no risk of preterm or low-birth-weight deliveries. C. So the woman sought legal help and filed suit against Henry Wade, district attorney for Dallas County, Texas. D. The Supreme Court ruled that the Texas statutes on abortion were unconstitutional and that a woman did have the right to terminate her pregnancy. E. Justice Byron White accurately remarked in his dissent that the right to an abortion is an issue about which "reasonable men may easily and heatedly differ." F. Women"s rights advocates have hailed Roe as a landmark victory.

填空题A laser beam can be turned into a______ (dead) weapon.

填空题You should take good care of the books borrowing from the school library.

填空题　　Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They　 ---|||________|||---　th in the long run industrializion grely raised the standard of living for the　 ---|||________|||---　man. But they insisted th its　 ---|||________|||---　results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the　 ---|||________|||---　of the English populion.　 ---|||________|||---　contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a　 ---|||________|||---　agricultural country, a period of gre abundance and prosperity. 　　This view,　 ---|||________|||---　, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists　 ---|||________|||---　history and economics, have　 ---|||________|||---　two things: th the period from 1650 to 1750 was　 ---|||________|||---　by gre poverty, and th industrializion certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

填空题41)__________. The mystery involves a change in the atmoshpere—a hole, or thinning, of the ozone in the atmosphere over Antarctica. Scientists were not sure what was causing it. 42) __________. It is found both in the air we breathe and in the upper atmosphere. Near the earth, ozone in the air is a danger to life. It is a pollutant. But ozone found 10 kilometers to 50 kilometers up in the atmosphere protects life on earth. Ozone forms in the atmosphere through the action of solar radiation. Once formed, the ozone blocks harmful radiation from reaching the earth. Scientists say a decrease in ozone and an increase in the harmful radiation will cause many more cases of skin cancer and will harm crops, animals and fish. 43) __________. Chlorine is released into the air from the chlorofluorocarbons—or CFCs—used in plastic, air conditioners and spray cans. The use of CFCs has greatly increased worldwide since 1960 and is continuing to increase. The destruction of the ozone in the atmosphere also has increased. An international effort is being made to halt the loss of atmospheric ozone. But many experts fear the effort will not produce results fast enough to prevent harm to life on earth. Thirty-one nations negotiated a treaty last year (1987) calling for a reduction in the worldwide production of chlorofluorocarbons. It was praised at the time as a major step in halting further destruction of the ozone. Cuts in the present production of CFCs will begin in the mid-1990s. 44) __________. Harmful chemicals take from 7 to 10 years to rise up into the atmosphere. Damage from the increase use of CFCs in this past decade still has not been felt. Government scientists say more than two times the mount of these gases will be in the atmosphere before the levels stop rising. 45) __________. Scientists point out a molecule of chlorine remains in the atmosphere for as long as 100 years. During that time, it destroys tens of thousands of ozone molecules.[A] Why has the ozone problem developed? No one knows for sure. But scientists say the evidence is very strong that the chlorine in chlorofluorocarbons (含氯氟烃)is causing much of the problem.[B] Almost 30 years after scientists discovered that common industrial gases were destroying Earth's protective ozone layer, satellite readings and ground observations show for the first time that the dangerous rate of ozone loss is finally slowing.[C] Ozone is a three-atom form of oxygen gas.[D] There have been some new developments in a continuing mystery we have reported about many times.[E] Scientists also say damage to ozone will continue because of the long life of the chemical gases released into the atmosphere.[F] The ozone problem caused by CFCs was first noticed as early as the 1960s.[G] However, most scientists now agree destruction of the ozone will continue for decades. They say this will happen even though industries and governments do their best to control the damage.

填空题When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is______function.

填空题Historians are detectives searching out the evidence of the past in their pursuit of history. This is a challenging and frequently engaging quest　1　its own, but evidence must be turned to　2　. Primary sources that are uncovered　3　many forms that vary　4　the questions asked and the period studied, but written records are　5　historians use more than any other. The historian does not　6　evidence in the manner of courts of law, where questions of admissibility and truth versus falsehood are　7　. The historian''s use of evidence is much more　8　 Determining how and with what end 9 mind any piece of evidence came into existence are the first tasks 10 the historian in the internal criticism of historical sources. It is important to know, for instance, who 11 a particular census and with what instructions, or　12　a correspondent was addressing a friend or foe, colleague or opponent. 　　For many years historians divided evidence into the two　13　of primary and secondary sources. The former were considered as any　14　or artifact from the period　15　 study, the latter as descriptions or reconstructions based on primary sources. The function of the historian, it was　16　, was to convert primary sources into secondary sources. This　17　misleads. What have been called secondary sources am not historical sources at all, but　18　that reveal the historian''s point of view. All evidence used by the historian was a primary source at the time it was　19　and it is always partial and incomplete. Therein lies part of the　20　of history.

填空题It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases 【B1】 the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be 【B2】 in our past experiences, which are brought into the present 【B3】 memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep 【B4】 available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" thing like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is 【B5】 when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six year old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory 【B6】 not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer 【B7】 that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words" ready for 【B8】 use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total 【B9】 of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person''s memory is in terms of words and 【B10】 of words.

填空题He likes not only to discuss things with me but also asking for my advice .

填空题A. What happened? B. Nice to meet you. C. please take it easy. D. No trouble at all. E. Coffee, please. F. I forgive you. G. But he panned to. H. Can I have the bill?

填空题Lexicon, in most cases, is synonymous with ________

填空题When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called ________

填空题For years pediatricians didn’t worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it’s hard keeping up with their shoes size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard-of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use? The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things; maybe they’ll grow out of this too. 41．Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. 42．Who is most at risk? Boys are more than girls, especially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow denser. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. 43．How can you tell if yours are like the 670,000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure? It’s not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child’s arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery. You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure for a particular child’s age, height and sex. 44．About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. 45．How can you do? You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and hooking you kids — the earlier the better — on healthy, attractive snakes like fruits (try freezing some grapes/or carrot sticks with salsa. ) Not only will they lower your children’s blood pressure: These foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing.[A] And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the U. S. who are overweight has doubled, from 5% to 11% or 4.7 million kids.[B] According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 30 children with high blood pressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. “No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well, ” says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. “But it’s worrisome. ”[C] Feed your children nutritious foods three times a day to keep his immune system healthy. Make sure the meals include all the food groups to ensure they are getting plenty of vitamins.[D] Fortunately the abnormal thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control — through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment — allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.[E] If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn’t a fake. He’ll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could be the source of the trouble, because hypertension is hard to be detected. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood-pressure checks for every child over age 3.[F] High blood pressure isn’t just an issue for adults; keeping kids blood pressure levels in a healthy range is also important. In a new study reported in Hypertension, researchers found that increased exercise duration among kids leads to lower blood pressure levels, however the same cannot be said for increased intensity.[G] Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their PlayStation. Even if they don’t shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they’ll be more likely to eat light and, exercise if you set a good example.

填空题The course normally attracts twenty students per year , half of which will be from overseas.