问答题Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below．Use the proper space on the Answer Sheet Ⅱ. Good management can help the organization achieve its desired results. This is partic ularly true of the management of an organization full of scientists and research workers.What is your idea about a good management or a good manager of such a group of people? Good Management Can Help the Organization Achieve Its Desired Results

问答题Nowhere in the world are conditions better for growing trees than in the. tropics, where year-round warmth and moisture encourage rapid growth.

问答题Write a short essay to tell what you know about essayists in British and American literatures. Name at least two well-known essayists, respectively, in UK and US. Write out their names and give a brief introduction to them.(1 x 10 =10 points)

问答题But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential. I[Nick]found myself on Gatsby"s side, and alone. From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg Village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me.

问答题科技进步是社会发展的重要标尺。1851年，英国举办第一届世博会，就是因为它是世界上最先开展工业革命的国家，并产生了很多科技产品。工业革命后带来的生产力发展令人震撼，在不到100年的时间中，人类社会所创造的生产力比过去一切时代创造的全部生产力还要多、还要大。如果和工业革命后的那一百年相比，人类在最近一百年创造的生产力不知又要大多少倍。上海世博会(Expo 2010 Shanghai)展示了人类最新科技成就，如新一代移动通信、人工智能、新材料、生态节能建筑等，彰显了人类无尽的智慧和创造力。

问答题There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the history of philosophy from that of science. Philosophy is largely discussion about matters on which few people are quite certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge increases, philosophy buds off the sciences. We also see how every philosopher reflects the social life of his day. But we can hardly guess what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them, who take the brotherhood of man for granted, not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life, and yet know that this brotherhood was only achieved by ghastly struggles. The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible. We are all of us apt to fake certain general ideas for granted, and call them common sense. We should learn that other people have held quite different ideas, and that our own have started as very original guesses of philosophers. If a dog could speak, it would probably not distinguish between motion and life. Some primitive men do not do so, and travelers interpret them as saying there are spirits everywhere. In our age of machines we are apt to look for mechanical explanations of everything, yet it is only three hundred years since machines had been developed so far that Descartes first suggested that animal and human bodies were machines. A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science. I think this is true for a great many of the questions on which philosophers still argue. For example, Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to it from the sun, and another from our eyes, and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don't know in much detail how the changes in our eyes give rise to sensation. But there is every reason to think that we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge and will are going to be pretty fully cleared up. But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others which perplex us today, there will still be one field of which they do not know, namely the future. However exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which we are ignorant. And where science gives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment. That is one reason why Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote so little on many philosophical problems which interested their contemporaries.

问答题Yet the implication that rapid change is a new phenomenon is again misleading. If you measure the time it takes for a technology to become widely diffused, today's experi ence does not seem unusual. Take the car. The basic patent for an internal-combustion en gine capable of powering a car was filed in 1877. By the late 1920s—50 years later—over half of all American households owned a car.

问答题Please analyze the following poem.(10 points)Fire and IceSome say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what I"ve tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also greatAnd would suffice.

问答题Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ. TOPIC Unlike such things as technology and fashion, some things never change over time. Name ONE thing that doesn"t change and explain why it"s changeless.

问答题The heads of some of Russia's most prestigious educational establishments yesterday admitted that students use surrogates (代理人) to gain entry to top institutes, whose qualifications are a passport to lucrative jobs. The surrogate students are only the latest symptom of an epidemic of corruption that has gripped the Russian higher education system. A report published this week by the Ministry of Education and Moscow's Higher School of Economics (HSE) showed that more than $300m was paid in bribes to enter the country's educational establishments last year. A direct bribe to lecturers to enter an institution can be up to $30000 for a top law faculty, the HSE estimates. "In our school alone this spring we caught four impostors who were attempting to sit the entrance tests in place of others, " said Grigory Kantorovich, deputy head of the HSE. "Those were not isolated cases; it's a whole, specialised business. " Such corruption is multiplied by a burgeoning market in coursework and diplomas written by teachers and lecturers, which can be bought over the Internet. A police spokesman said there was no dedicated unit for tackling corruption in education, but individual cases were investigated if evidence was handed over.

问答题Anything approaching the change that came over his features I have never seen before, and hope never to see again. Oh, I wasn"t touched. I was fascinated. It was as though a veil had been rent.I saw on that ivory face the expression of somber pride, of ruthless power, of craven terror—of an intense and hopeless despair. Did he live his life again in every detail of desire, temptation, and surrender during that supreme moment of complete knowledge? He cried in a whisper at some image, at some vision—he cried out twice, a cry that was no more than a breath: " " The horror! The horror! " ..."

问答题直到截止日他才寄出那张申请表。

问答题Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Department of Chinese Language and Literature" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions: You are go write in no less than 120 words on the topic of "My Position" You may base your composition on the Chinese clues given below and put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. 尼采的处世之道是：“不要爬上山顶去，也不要站在山脚下，最好从半山处去看这个世界。”其实站在哪里看世界好，每个人都有自己的认识和体验。 1．你是否同意尼采的人生观和价值观? 2．你的认识和体验是什么?

问答题结果，当新的技术突破到来时就出现了问题。比如，美国的工人与德国的工人相比，要花费更长时间来掌握怎样操作新型的、灵活的制造设备，那么这些设备在德国的有效成本就比美国低：设备的正常运转需要更长时问，需要广泛的再培训，这会提高成本并产生瓶颈，限制新设备生产的速度。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. One of the strangest aspects of the mechanical approach to life is the widespread lack of concern about the danger of total destruction by nuclear weapons; a possibility people are consciously aware of. The explanation, I believe, is that they are more proud of than frightened by the gadgets of mass destruction. (46) {{U}}Also they are so frightened of their personal failure and humiliation that their anxiety about personal matters prevents them from feeling anxiety about the possibility that everybody and everything maybe destroyed.{{/U}} Perhaps total destruction is even more attractive than total insecurity and never ending personal anxiety. Am I suggesting that modern man is doomed and that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. (47){{U}}I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and the full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements.{{/U}} Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man. To attain this goal we need to create a Renaissance of Enlightenment and of Humanism. It must be an Enlightenment, however, more radically realistic and critical than that of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It must be a Humanism that aims at the full development of the total man, not the gadget man, not the consumer man, not the organization man. The aim of a humanist society is the man who loves life, who has faith in life, who is productive and independent. (48) {{U}}Such a transformation is possible if we recognize that our present way of life makes us sterile and eventually destroys the vitality necessary for survival.{{/U}} (49) {{U}}Whether such transformation is likely is another matter. But we will not be able to succeed unless we see the alternatives clearly and realize that the choice is still ours.{{/U}} Dissatisfaction with our way of life is the first step toward changing it. As to these changes, one thing is certain: They must take place in all spheres simultaneously--in the economic, the social, the political and the spiritual. (50) {{U}}Change in only one sphere will lead into blind alleys, as did the purely political French Revolution and the purely economic Russian Revolution.{{/U}}

问答题Keep our Language Pure You are to write in three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, state the phenomenon of reckless use of foreign names by Chinese producers. In the second paragraph, state its negative effects. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with your advice on counter- measures. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

问答题Dear Professor Wang, I'm writing to apologize for my failure to turn up for our appointment yesterday. One of my best friends came to see me. We haven't seen each other for more than 5 years. Please pardon me. I wonder if it is possible for us to have another appointment sometime this weekend. Thank you. Yours truly, Tom