完形填空Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be

完形填空In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact (1) ________ a childs language development than mothers, a new study (2) ________

完形填空Though the number of the upper class is a mere one third of the population, they make up at least 25percent of the nation’s wealth. This class has two parts: upper-upper and lower-upper.【A1】______ , theupper-upper class is the “old rich”—families that have been wealthy for several generations—anobility of【A2】______ and wealth. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, and theVanderbilts. Most are not【A3】______ to the general public. They have no【A4】______ to the rest of thecommunity,【A5】______ their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. By【A6】______ , the lower-upperclass is the “new rich”. 【A7】______ they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich havebeen【A8】______ to make their money like【A9】______ else beneath their class.【A10】______ their status is generally【A11】______ than thatof the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who【A12】______ tolook down upon the new rich. However its wealth is【A13】______ , the upper class is very rich. They haveenough money and leisure time to【A14】______ an interest in the arts and to【A15】______ rare books and paintings. Theygenerally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, andmarry their own kind, all of which keeps them so【A16】______ from the masses that they have been called theout-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be【A17】______ of being members of a class. Theyalso【A18】______ an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they【A19】______ many topgovernment positions. Their actions【A20】______ the lives of millions.

完形填空　　The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 71. Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 73. This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. 　　This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good" as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74. However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world''s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 75. New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

完形填空Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank fromthe four choices marked A, B, C or D and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Public officials and candidates for public offices routinely use public opinion polls to keep【A1】______ofwhat the people are thinking. An important question is the degree to which these polls should guideleaders【A2】______their actions. There are arguments for and against the use of polls as the basis forpolicy【A3】______.Polls can contribute to effective government by keeping political leaders from getting too far【A4】______linewith the public’s thinking. In a democratic society, the effectives of a public policy depends on theextent of its public【A5】______. When a policy is contrary to the public’s desires, people may chooseto【A6】______or undermined it, thus making it counterproductive or inefficient. Furthermore, whengovernment【A7】______a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees, it【A8】______a lossof public confidence, which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead. The Reaganadministration, flying high from 1981 to 1985, was brought low in 1986 by public reaction to newsof its secret sales of weapons to Iran. The administration had not paid【A9】______attention to polls that hadrevealed the deep antagonism Americans still felt toward Iran because the Ayatollah Khomeini’sregime had held three American hostages.However, leaders can also do a disservice to the public they represent by using poll results asa【A10】______for policy judgment. Effective government, as Walter Lippmann wrote, cannot be conducted bylegislators and officials who, when a question is presented, ask themselves first and last not what isthe truth and which is the right and necessary course.

完形填空 In Mr. Allen's high school class, all the students have to 'get married'. However, the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but 51 . These mock ceremonies sometimes become so 52 that the loud laughter drowns out the voice of the 'minister'. Even the two students getting married often begin to giggle. The teacher, Mr. Allen, believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business. He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that 53 take place after marriage. He believes that the need for these psychological and financial 54 should be understood before people marry. Mr. Allen doesn't only introduce his students to major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or unemployment. He also exposes them to nitty-gritty problems they will face every day. He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 56 that can strain a marriage to the breaking points. He even 57 his students with the problems of divorce and the fact that divorced men must pay child support money for their children and sometimes pay monthly alimony to their wives. It has been upsetting for some of the students to see the problems that a married couple often faces. 58 they took the course, they had not worried much about the problems of marriage. However, both students and parents feel that Mr. Allen's course is valuable and have 59 the course publicly. Their statements and letters supporting the class have 60 the school to offer the course again.

完形填空 Walter Schloss was by no means a celebrity. He was never a face on financial television programs, 1 was he known for marketing his skills to investors. His death last month, at the age of 95, 2 little public comment but among a certain crowd it meant the 3 of a mind that was brave, independent and 4 distinct from much of modern finance. Mr. Schloss was part of a small group who worked with Benjamin Graham, a Columbia Business School professor whose most famous 5 is Warren Buffett. Mr. Schloss did not spend time 6 corporate managers. His research team doubled in size when his son joined. He favored discarded 'cigar butt' stocks that could be 7 off the floor. Often, they weren't worth much but they sold for far 8 . As for high-flying shares, he was not afraid to go 9 . During the late 1990s, when a 'new era' caused many people to 10 any normal valuation measures as hopelessly 11 , Mr. Schloss stayed 12 and bet against some of the most popular and inflated names. In part, he could do so 13 a famous cost saving structure. In part, he was protected by an extraordinary long-term record. When he 14 managing money for outsiders, his returns were reported to have 15 16% annually, six percentage points higher than the market. He had other 16 , too. In 1999, when his portfolio was composed of everything no one wanted, he was asked how, 17 his own convictions were unshaken, he could ensure that his investors 18 with him. Being a true 19 required just one rule, he said: ' 20 tell a client what they own.'

完形填空Eleanor Roosevelt was the wife of Americas 32nd president, Franklin Roosevelt

完形填空（）（）

完形填空Culture is a way of life

完形填空Directions: There are 20 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Write the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen on your Answer Sheet.The term “quality of life” is difficult to define. It 【A1】______ a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. 【A2】______ speaking, the quality of life, especially 【A3】______ seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree 【A4】______ which these various areas of life are available or provide 【A5】______ for the individual.As activity carried 【A6】______ as one thinks fit during one’s spare time, leisure has the following 【A7】______ : relaxation, recreation, and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one’s job and one’s life style. 【A8】______, people who need to 【A9】______ much energy in their work will find relaxation most 【A10】______ in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may 【A11】______ more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g.【A12】______ of skills and hobbies) in leisure.The specific use of leisure 【A13】______ from individual to individual 【A14】______ the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible use of television watching, a 【A15】______ leisure activity, a change of experience to provide 【A16】______ from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one’s environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by 【A17】______ other people’s life experiences as 【A18】______ in the programs.Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take 【A19】______ his interests and preferences and get 【A20】______ in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

完形填空A. The first published sketch, 'A Dinner at Poplar Walk' brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name 'Boz' in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation. B. The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure. C. Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837. D. Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society. E. Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines. F. Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office—a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens' mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens' birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as 'the young gentleman.' His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens' greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction. G. After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters. D→ 41 → 42 → 43 → 44 →B→ 45

完形填空Faces, like fingerprints, are unique

完形填空 Just because more men pursue careers in science and engineering does not mean they are actually better at math than women are. The 1 is that men think they are much better at math than they really are. Women, 2 , tend to accurately estimate their arithmetic prowess, says Shane Bench of Washington State University in the U. S., leader of a study in Springer's journal Sex Roles. There is a 3 gap between the number of men and women who choose to study and follow careers in the so-called STEM 4 of science, technology, engineering and mathematics in the U. S. This is true 5 women outperform their male 6 on mathematical tests in elementary school. Bench's study examined how people's biases and 7 experiences about their mathematical abilities make them more or less 8 to consider pursuing math-related courses and careers. Gender gaps in STEM fields are not necessarily the result of women's 9 their abilities, but rather may be due to men's overestimating their abilities, 10 Bench. His team also found that women who had more positive past experiences 11 mathematics tended to rate their numerical abilities higher than they really were. This 12 the value of positively reinforcing a woman's knack for mathematics 13 at a young age. 'Despite 14 that realism and objectivity are always best in 15 the self and making decisions, positive illusions about math abilities may be 16 to women pursuing math courses and careers,' says Bench. 'Such positive illusions could 17 to protect women's self-esteem 18 lower-than-desired performance, leading women to 19 to pursue courses in STEM fields and ultimately 20 their skills.'

完形填空 When a country is under-populated, newcomers are not competitors, but assistants. If more come they may produce not only new quotas, but a 1 as well. In such a state of things land is 2 and cheap. The possession of it 3 no power or privilege. No one will work for another for wages 4 he can take up new land and be his own master. Hence it will pay no one to own more land than he can 5 by his own labor, or with such aid as his own family 6 . Hence, again, land 7 little or no rent; there will be no landlords living on rent and no laborers living on 8 , but only a middle class of yeoman farmers (自耕农). All are 9 on an equality, and democracy becomes the political form, because this is the only state of society in which equality, on which democracy is 10 , is realized as a fact. The same effects are powerfully 11 by other facts. In a new and under-populated country the industries which are most profitable are the extractive industries. The 12 of these, with the exception of some kinds of mining, is that they call 13 only a low organization of labor and small amount of capital. Hence they allow the workman to become 14 his own master, and they educate him to freedom, independence, and self 15 . At the same time, the social groups being only 16 marked off from each other, it is easy to 17 from one class of occupations, and consequently from one social grade, to another. Finally, under the same circumstances, education, skill, and superior training have but inferior value compared with what they have in 18 populated countries. The 19 lie in an under-populated country, with the 20 , unskilled, manual occupations, and not with the highest developments of science, literature, and art.

完形填空 If your face and name are anywhere on the web, you may be recognized whenever you walk the streets—not just by cops but by any geek with a computer. That seems to be the conclusion from some new research on the limits of privacy. For suspected miscreants, and people chasing them, face-recognition technology is old hat. Brazil, preparing for the soccer World Cup in 2014, is already trying out pairs of glasses with mini-cameras attached; policemen wearing them could snap images of faces, easy to compare with databases of criminals. More authoritarian states love such methods: photos are taken at checkpoints, and images checked against recent participants in protests. 41 A study which is to be unveiled on August 4th at Black Hat, a security conference in Las Vegas, suggests that day is close. Its authors, Alessandro Acquisti, Ralph Gross and Fred Stutzman, all at America's Carnegie Mellon University, ran several experiments that show how three converging technologies are undermining privacy. One is face-recognition software itself, which has improved a lot. 42 And they went to social networks like Facebook and LinkedIn, where most users post real names and photos of themselves. In their first experiment, the researchers collected images from 5,000 profiles of people on a popular American dating site in a particular city—most of whom used pseudonyms. They fed the pictures into an off-the-shelf face-recognition programme that compared them with 280,000 images they had found by using a search engine to identify Facebook profiles from the same city. They discovered the identity of just over a tenth of the folk from the dating site. 43 The researchers did a second experiment: they took webcam photos of 93 students on Carnegie Mellon's campus, with their assent. These were fed into the face-recognition software along with 250,000 photos gleaned from publicly available profiles on Facebook. About a third of students in the test were identified. 44 By mining public sources, including Facebook profiles and government databases, the researchers could identify at least one personal interest of each student and, in a few cases, the first five digits of a social security number. All this helps to explain concerns over the use of face-recognition software by the likes of Google and Facebook, which have been acquiring firms that specialize in that technology, or licensing software from them. (Google recently snapped up Pittsburgh Pattern Recognition, the firm which owns the programme the researchers used for their tests.) Privacy officials in Europe have said they will scrutinize Facebook's use of face-recognition software to help people 'tag', or identify, friends in photos they upload. And privacy campaigners in America have made a formal complaint to regulators. (Facebook notes that people can opt out of the photo-tagging service by altering their privacy settings. ) 45 Eric Schmidt, the executive chairman, has said it took the decision because 'people could use this stuff in a very, very bad way, as well as a good way. ' But face-recognition methods may still spread. As Mr Acquisti says, sharing named photos online has 'opened the floodgates' to a new, privacy-sapping world. Shutting them will be hard. A. That might not seem a big percentage, but the hit rate will get better as face-recognition software improves and more snaps are uploaded. B. Given the sensitivity, Google decided not to release a face-recognition search engine it had made. C. The researchers also used 'cloud computing' services, which provide lots of cheap processing power. D. The best face-recognition algorithms now perform more accurately than most humans can manage. Overall, facial-recognition technology is advancing rapidly. E. But the most striking result was from a third experiment. F. But could such technology soon be used by anyone at all, to identify random passers-by and unearth personal details about them? G. The main applications of face recognition have been in contexts like ID cards and face scanners.

完形填空 The other day, I was picking up a client from the waiting room and holding a cup of tea. As we were walking back to my office and 1 chatting, I stumbled, 2 the tea on myself and the floor. The client had nothing to do 3 it but started to apologize—about the stain on my shirt, all of it— 4 it were her fault. More and more often, I 5 how people apologize for almost everything, even when something doesn't 6 an apology. It's important to 7 and consider why we are over-apologizing and 8 we would be better 9 by expressing appreciation. People often apologize to 10 dealing with feeling vulnerable or the 11 feelings of others. It becomes a self-protective 12 and may help us manage the anxiety that 13 within relationships. We don't want to deal with someone's anger, and may feel 14 in the face of it, so we apologize. Although often considered primarily to be a female issue, it impacts us all. As a result of over-apologizing, we 15 to feel 'less than' and as though we have to make excuses for just existing. This creates a(n) 16 feedback loop: We apologize to make the situation 'better' and end up feeling worse about ourselves, causing the anxiety and 17 to continue on repeat. It is important to apologize when it is 18 . If I did something to you that was hurtful, and I feel remorse, I want to make 19 and work to fix what is broken. 20 , it's also a good idea to think about what you might do if that's not the case.

完形填空 Video game players may get an unexpected benefit from blowing away bad guys—better vision. Playing 'action' video games improves a visual ability 51 tasks like reading and driving at night, a new study says. The ability, called contrast sensitivity function, allows people to discern even subtle changes 52 gray against a uniformly colored backdrop. It's also one of the first visual aptitudes to fade with age. That's 53 a regular regimen of action video game training can provide long-lasting visual power, according to work led by Daphne Bavelier of the University of Rochester. Previous research shows that gaming improves other visual skills, such as the ability to track several objects at the same time and 54 attention to a series of fast-moving events, Bavelier said. 'A lot of different aspects of the visual system are being enhanced, 55 one,' she said. The new work suggests that playing video games could someday become part of vision-correction treatments, which currently rely mainly on surgery or corrective lenses. ' 56 you've had eye surgery or get corrective lenses, exposing yourself to these games should help the optical system to recover faster and better, you need to retrain the brain to make use of the better, crisper information that's coming in 57 a result of your improved eyesight,' Bavelier said. Expert action garners in the study played first-person shooters Unreal Tournament 2004 and Call of Duty 2. A group of experienced nonaction garners played The Sims 2, a 'life simulation' video game. The players of nonaction video games didn't see the same vision 58 , the study says. Bavelier and others are now trying to figure out exactly why action games 59 seem to sharpen visual skill. It may be that locating enemies and aiming accurately is a strenuous, strength-building workout for the eyes, she said. Another possible 60 is that the unpredictable, fast-changing environment of the typical action game requires players to constantly monitor entire landscapes and analyze optical data quickly. Finally, Bavelier said, the games' rich payoff may also play a role. 'It's pleasing to be successful in your mission,' she said. 'When you combine rewards with these other 'factors', then you get much more learning.'

完形填空 A. I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't—it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it. B. Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out our forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed. C. I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies. D. Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that's not fair—too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff. E. The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor. F. So I just don't know what to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work. G. A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation—how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion. Order: G→ 41 → 42 → 43 → 44 → 45 →F

完形填空Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Organized volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to 【A1】______ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate’s resume, 【A2】______ now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who 【A3】______ time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLUS aims to boost students in an increasingly 【A4】______ job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside 【A5】______ qualifications.“Our students are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didn’t 【A6】______ appreciate the value of what they did 【A7】______ the lecture hall,” says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. “Employers are much more 【A8】______ than they used to be. They used to look for 【A9】______ and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant’s skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are 【A10】______ to the job.”Students who sign 【A11】______—for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or 【A12】______ work, attend four workshops on employ-ability skills, take part in an intensive skills-related activity 【A13】______, crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. 【A14】______ efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who 【A15】______ best on the sports field can take the Sporting Plus Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments.The experience does not have to be 【A16】______ organized. “We’re not just interested in easily identifiable skills,” says Goodman. “【A17】______, one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so 【A18】______ negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives.”Goodman hopes the 【A19】______ will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less-active 【A20】______ to take up activities outside their academic area of work.