阅读理解AA Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.Who would most probably enter for Take a view?

阅读理解The old belief that the universe never changes is quite wrong. Even before the invention of the telescope, astronomers noticed that bright stars suddenly appear in the sky, and then later disappear.【B1】______In fact we now know that they are really old stars which are slowly dying. A recent case of a nova occurred in 1918, and one of the few people who saw this was the American astronomer Edward Barnard. He was driving along in a car, occasionally looking up into the sky. Suddenly he noticed a star that he had never seen before, and exclaimed, “That star should not be there!”He was in fact watching the explosion of a nova. 【B2】______As they do so, they let out huge clouds of material. Sometimes as large as the earth, and these explode into space at a speed of about 8, 000, 000 kilometers per hour. When this happens, the hotter parts of the star become visible, and this is why novae are so bright. Although the explosions are huge on a human scale, they only consume a small part of the dying star’s energy. 【B3】______Indeed, there are even some stars which explode once a fortnight. There are other old stars which do not die slowly, but are completely destroyed by one great explosion.【B4】______The explosion of a supernova is equivalent to about a million, million, million, million hydrogen bombs going off at the same time. Just before the explosion the star’s density become very great and it spins at a very high speed. A matchbox of material taken from the star at that time would weigh about 1,000 tons, and the star would be turning at about 16,000,000 kilometers per hour.【B5】______One supernova which Chinese astronomers observed in 1054 can still be seen by us today. It has been shining for at least nine hundred years. A. Novae are old stars which are slowly dying. B. They are known as “supernovae.”C. The death is a slow one, and the star may continue to explode for thousands of years. D. The explosion of a supernova is like a cosmic bomb. E. The explosion itself occurs suddenly, in the space of a minute, but the supernova continues to shine long after the event. F. These stars were called “novae”because they were thought to be new.

阅读理解Last October,while tending her garden in Mora ,Sweden ,LenaPahlsson pulled out a handful ofsmall ____21____(carrot) and wasabout to throw them away

阅读理解The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographys fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as a distinct from merely a practical art

阅读理解Tight-lipped elders used to say," It''s not what you want in this world, but what you get." 　　Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. 　　You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. 　　Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. 　　This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you ,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your" wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. 　　When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.

阅读理解Questions 81 to 90 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Novels, magazines, and newspapers - many people read these in their spare time

阅读理解 The first clue came when I got my hair cut. The stylist offered a complimentary nail-polish change while I waited for my hair to dry. Maybe she hoped this little amenity would slow the growing inclination of women to stretch each haircut to last four months. Suddenly everything is on sale. The upside to the economic downturn is the immense incentive it gives retailers to treat you like a queen for a day. But now the customer rules, just for showing up. Finger the scarf, then start to walk away, and its price floats silkily downward. When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and a timing belt and other services will run close to $ 2,000, it's time to break out the newly perfected art of the considered pause. You really don't even have to say anything pitiful before he'll offer to knock a few hundred dollars off. Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especially around Wall Street. New York Times restaurant critic Frank Bruni characterizes the new restaurant demeanor as 'extreme solicitousness tinged with outright desperation'. Now everyone is hoping to restart the economy. But human nature is funny that way. In dangerous times, we clench and squint at the deal that looks too good to miss, suspecting that it must be too good to be true. Store owners will tell you horror stories about shoppers with attitude, who walk in demanding discounts and flaunt their new power at every turn. These store owners wince as they sense bad habit forming: Will people expect discounts forever? Will their hard-won brand luster be forever cheapened, especially for items whose allure depends on their being ridiculously priced? There will surely come a day when things go back to 'normal'; retail sales even inched up in January after sinking for the previous six months. Bargain-hunting can be addictive regardless of the state of the markets, and haggling is a low-risk, high-value contact sport. Trauma digs deep into habit, like my 85-year-old mother still calling her canned-goods cabinet 'the bomb shelter.' The children of the First Depression were saving string and preaching sacrifice long after the skies cleared. They came to be called the 'greatest generation.' As we learn to be decent stewards of our resources, who knows what might come of it? We have lived in an age of wanton waste, and there is value in practicing conservation that goes far beyond our own bottom line.

阅读理解Text 2 Everywhere in the world, plants and animals live together

阅读理解Text 2 It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18

阅读理解Questions 36to 40 are based on the following passage

阅读理解What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?

阅读理解Directions: In this section, there are 3 passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and thenwrite ONE best answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage 3It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex…into public industry.” Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of “dead end” jobs, thenceforth considered “women’s work.” The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Women’s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.

阅读理解Americans are often contrasted with the rest of the world in terms of material possessions. We are accused of being materialistic, gadget crazy. And, as a matter of fact, we have developed material things for some very interesting reasons. Lacking a fixed class system and having all extremely mobile population, Americans have become highly sensitive to how others make use of material possessions. We use everything from clothes to houses as a highly evolved and complex means of ascertaining each other''s status. Ours is a rapidly shifting system in which both styles and people move up or down. For example: The Cadillac (卡迪拉客克) ad men feel that not only is it natural but quite insightful of them to show a picture of a Cadillac and a well-turned out gentleman in his early fifties opening the door. The caption (标题) underneath reads, "You already know a great deal about this man." Following this same pattern, the head of a big union spends an excess of $100,000 furnishing his office so that the president of United States Steel cannot look down on him. Good materials, large space, and the proper surroundings signify that the people who occupy the premises (建筑物及其周围所属土地) are solid citizens, that they are dependable and successful. The French, English, and the Germans have entirely different ways of using their material possessions. What stands for the height of dependability and respectability with the English would be old-fashioned and backward to us. The Japanese take pride in often inexpensive but tasteful arrangements that are used to produce the proper emotional setting. Middle East businessmen look for something else—family, connections, friendship. They do not use the furnishings of their office as part of their status system; nor do they expect to impress a client by these means or to fool a banker into lending more money than he should. They like good things, too, but feel that they, as persons, should be known and not judged solely by what the public sees. One of the most common criticisms of American relations abroad, both commercial and governmental, is that we usually think in terms of material things. "Money talks," says the American, who goes on talking the language of money abroad, in the belief that money talks the same language all over the world. A common practice in the United, States is to try to buy loyalty with high salaries. In foreign countries, this maneuver almost never works, for money and material possessions stand for something different, there than they do in America.

阅读理解Questions 61 to 70 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Passage Two Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management, aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests

阅读理解Which of the following can serve as the most appropriate title for this passage?

阅读理解 Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring-the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them. If 'entitled' is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U. S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve. One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good. That's a big change from the previous generation. 'Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives,' notes Tanya Michelsem, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. 'Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse.'

阅读理解When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little wehave developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans becausethey relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because theymistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because theylived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified?Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest?Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains asbloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that whilethey were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart andeating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should havebeen banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that weshould be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that weshould be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and burstinginto flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. Peopletake part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vastsums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is frontpage news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen.They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessingprolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent spoils if people enjoy them so much? You may welt ask. The answer issimple: they arc uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually andemotionally — admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmencooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which werecommon in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfaresystems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealthfairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountablyimproved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The taw is the biggest instrumentof social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous andviolent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize thatviolence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

阅读理解Questions 61 to 70 are based on the following passage