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复合题What Are the Ethics of CGI Actors And Will They Replace Real Ones?A) Digital humans are coming to a screen near you. As computer-generated imagery (CGI) has become cheaper and more sophisticated, the film industry can now convincingly recreate people on screen— even actors who have been dead for decades. The technology’s ability to effectively keep celebrities alive beyond the grave is raising questions about public legacies and image rights.B) Late in 2019, it was announced that US actor James Dean, who died in 1955, will star in a Vietnam War film scheduled for release later this year. In the film, which will be called Finding Jack, Dean will be recreated on screen with CGI based on old footage (影片镜头) and photographs, with another actor voicing him. The news was met with excitement by those keen to see Dean digitally brought back to life for only his fourth film, but it also drew sharp criticism. This is puppeteering the dead for their fame alone, actress Zelda Williams wrote on Twitter. It sets such an awful precedent for the future of performance. Her father, Robin Williams, who died in 2014, was keen to avoid the same fate. Before his death, he filed a deed protecting the use of his image until 2039, preventing others from recreating him using CGI to appear in a film, TV show or as a hologram (全息影像).C) The James Dean film is a way to keep the actor’s image relevant for younger generations, says Mark Roesler of CMG Worldwide, the firm that represents Dean’s estate. I think this is the beginning of an entire wave, says Travis Cloyd, CEO of Worldwide XR, one of the companies behind the digital recreation of Dean. Moving into the future, we want James Dean to be brought into different gaming environments, or different virtual reality environments, or augmented reality environments, he says.D) Other actors have been revived, with the permission of their estates, for advertising purposes: for example, a 2011 advertisement for Dior featured contemporary actress Charlize Theron alongside iconic 20th-century stars Marilyn Monroe, Grace Kelly and Marlene Dietrich. Later, Audrey Hepburn was digitally recreated for a chocolate commercial in 2013. In the same year, a CGI Bruce Lee appeared in a Chinese-language ad for a whisky brand, which offended many fans because Lee was widely known not to drink alcohol at all. In the last five years, it’s become more affordable and more achievable in a whole movie, says Tim Webber at UK visual effects firm Framestore, the company behind the Hepburn chocolate ad. Framestore used body doubles with resemblance to Hepburn’s facial structure and body shape as a framework for manual animation. The process was extremely difficult and expensive, says Webber, but the technology has moved on.E) Now, a person can be animated from scratch. If they’re alive today, you can put them in scanning rigs, you can get every detail of their body analysed very carefully and that makes it much easier, whereas working from available photographs is tricky, says Webber, who won an Academy Award for his visual effects work on the 2013 film Gravity. I also see a lot of actors today who will have the desire to take advantage of this technology: to have their likeness captured and stored for future content, says Cloyd. They foresee this being something that could give their estates and give their families the ability to make money from their likeness when they’re gone.F) A hidden hazard of digitally recreating a deceased (已故的) celebrity is the risk of damaging their legacy. We have to respect the security and the integrity of rights holders, says John Canning at Digital Domain, a US firm that created a hologram rapper (说唱艺人) Tupac Shakur, which appeared at the Coachella music festival in 2012, 15 years after his death.G) Legally, a person’s rights to control the commercial use of their name and image beyond their death differ between and even within countries. In certain US states, for example, these rights are treated similarly to property rights, and are transferable to a person’s heirs. In California, under the Celebrities Rights Act, the personality rights for a celebrity last for 70 years after their death. We’ve got a societal debate going on about access to our public commons, as it were, about famous faces, says Lilian Edwards at Newcastle University, UK. Should the public be allowed to use or reproduce images of famous people, given how iconic they are? And what is in the best interest of a deceased person’s legacy may conflict with the desires of their family or the public, says Edwards.H) A recreation, however lifelike, will never be indistinguishable from a real actor, says Webber. When we are bringing someone back, representing someone who is no longer alive on the screen, what we are doing is extremely sophisticated digital make-up, he says. A performance is a lot more than a physical resemblance.I) As it becomes easier to digitally recreate celebrities and to entirely manufacture on-screen identities, could this kind of technology put actors out of jobs? I think actors are worried about this, says Edwards. But I think it will take a very long time. This is partly because of the risk that viewers find virtual humans scary. Edwards cites widespread backlash to the digital recreation of Carrie Fisher as a young Princess Leia in Rogue One, a trick later repeated in the recent Star Wars. The Rise of Skywalker, which was filmed after Fisher’s death in 2016. People didn’t like it, she says. They discovered the uncanny valley (诡异谷).J) This refers to the idea that when objects trying to resemble humans aren’t quite perfect, they can make viewers feel uneasy because they fall somewhere between obviously non-human and fully human. That’s always a danger when you’re doing anything human or human-like, says Webber. There’re a thousand things that could go wrong with a computer-generated facial performance, and any one of those could make it fall into the uncanny valley, he says. Your brain just knows there’s something wrong. The problem often arises around the eyes or mouth, says Webber. They’re the areas that you look at when you’re talking to someone.K) An unfamiliar digital human that has been created through CGI will also face the same challenge as an unknown actor: they don’t have the appeal of an established name. You have to spend substantial capital in creating awareness around their likeness and making sure people are familiar with who they are, says Cloyd. This is now starting to happen. The way you pre-sell a movie in a foreign market is based on relevant talent, he says. I think we’re a long way away from having virtual beings that have the ability to pre-sell content.L) Webber expects that we will see more digital humans on screen. It’s happening because it can happen, he says. Referring to a line from Jurassic Park (侏罗纪公园), he adds: People are too busy thinking about what they can do to think about whether they should do it.

复合题What can debaters benefit from "walking in another person' s shoes" .9 

复合题Passage Three Eating an apple a day doesn' t keep the doctor away, but it does reduce the amount of trips you make to the drug store per year. That ' s according to a new study that investigates whether there' s any truth in the old saying. A team of researchers led by Dr Matthew Davis, of the University of Michigan School of Nursing,asked 8,399 participants to answer survey questions about diet and health. A total of 753 were apple eaters, consuming at least 149g of raw apple per day. The remaining 7,646 were classed as non-apple eaters. When both groups answered questions on trips to the doctor and trips to the drug store per year,the apple eaters were found to be 27% less likely to visit the druggist for drugs. Trips to the doctor were not significantly affected by apple consumption, though. "Evidence does not support that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. However, the small number of US adults who eat an apple a day does appear to use fewer prescription medications," the study concludes. Apple eaters were also found to be less likely to smoke and be more likely to have a higher educational attainment than non-apple eaters. While apples do not compete with oranges, they docontain some immune (免疫的) system-increasing vitamin C, which may be why apple-eaters visit the druggist less. With over 8mg of vitamin C per medium-sized fruit, an apple can provide roughly 14% your daily recommended intake. Previous studies have also linked apple consumption to a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes (二型糖尿病) ,improved lung function and a lower risk of colon (结肠) cancer.  How many non-apple eaters answered survey questions in the research? 

复合题Direction: Read the following passage carefully, and fill in each blank with an appropriate word to achieve cohesion and coherence of the context.This year’s UN climate 【B1】______ is kicking

复合题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choice given in the word bank following the passage. Read the

复合题Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You sh

复合题At 43, I’ve reached the stage where women are warned to watch out for the creeping sadness of middle age. We’re served up an endless stream of advice on how to survive your 40s, as if we’re in the endurance stage of a slow limp toward 【C1】 ________ This is the age women start to become invisible—our value, attractiveness and power supposedly 【C2】 ________ by the vanishing of youth. But I don’t feel like I’m fading into 【C3】 ________ I feel more seen than I ever have, and for the first time in my life, I have a clear-eyed view of myself that is 【C4】 ________ , compassionate and accepting. When I look in the mirror, I’m proud of who I am—even those broken parts that for so long seemed impossible to love. So when advertisers try to sell me ways to turn back the clock, I have to【C5】________ a laugh. I wouldn’t go back to the crippling self-consciousness of my youth if you paid me. This hard-won sense of self-acceptance is one of the joys of being an older woman. But it’s a narrative often【C6】 ________ out by the shame that marketers rely on to peddle us their diet pills, miracle face creams and breathable yoga pants—as if self-love is a 【C7】 ________ commodity. For some women I know, this sense of trust and self-belief later in life gave them the courage to leave dysfunctional relationships or 【C8】 ________ on new career paths. Others talked about enjoying their own company, of growth through 【C9】 ________ , deepening bonds of friendships, the ability to be more compassionate, less judgmental and to listen more and appreciate the small pleasures. Life past 40 is far from smooth sailing, but it’s so much more than the reductive 【C10】 ________ we see in women’s magazines and on the Hollywood big screen.A)adversityB)authenticC)ConveyD)DepictionsE)DiminishedF)DrownedG)EmbarkH)FragilityI)NeglectedJ)ObscurityK)OutlinesL)PrevalentM)PurchasableN)SubmitO) suppress

复合题Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You

复合题 Which ability is most important for dogs to rescue people trapped in snow? 

复合题Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You

复合题Although there was much publicity about the movie, I personally found little ______in the story line. 

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复合题The rescue party __________ freeing the boy trapped in the hollow tree. 

复合题What did the writer learn from the blind man?

复合题Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. I’m sure we will win.Mike: ________ ！

复合题In some supermarkets, goods can be made very cheap if they are bought _______.

复合题What can be described as the writing style of this passage? 

复合题40.When they need overalls for their job, employees should inform the Supplies Department of ________ .

复合题The line manager is responsible for ________ .