完形填空Although most people return from package holidays reasonably satisfied, this is not always the (61)________

完形填空Directions: Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET. From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 【A11】______, they were like new born children, 【A12】______ to use this valuable tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 【A13】______ and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is 【A14】______ for our ability to produce and use language. They 【A15】______ that our highly evolved brain provides us 【A16】______ an innate language ability not found in lower 【A17】______. Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 【A18】______ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,【A19】______ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. 【A20】______ there are critical biological times for language development.

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完形填空When I was young, I spent my summer vacations on my grandparents farm

完形填空Human beings appear to have done a thorough job of contaminating the Earths land, 【B1】________and atmosphere

完形填空As I was growing up, my life went around soccer(足球)

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完形填空People in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to defend off the cold. In the United States, however, people wear less partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation. Cars take them straight to their workplaces,【C1】______ are heated well. The American diet is full of calories, so their bodies can afford to burn heat more quickly. Fewer layers of clothing give people the【C2】______ to stay fashionable. Lots of Yale girls wear skirts even when it’s 10 degrees Centigrade outside. Some of them at least wear boots, tights, and legwarmers. Some, however, really just go for the look【C3】______ the risk of health. These girls have nothing to prevent their legs against the wind, and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos【C4】______ all that they wear. Typically, the ones【C5】______ fashion are skinny with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies, they are already at a disadvantage【C6】______ with normal people in cold weather. I have always wondered, whenever I pass these girls, how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring【C7】______ And then there are the guys. The girls can be said to sacrifice health for beauty. But why do guys wear so little? It is not like, 【C8】______ they shed some layers, they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they only wear sporty shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It’s not cute. Of course, people have the freedom to look【C9】______ way they want. I am just surprised that, 【C10】______ the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut, they can still look like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February. 【C1】

完形填空Emmeline Pankhurst was born in Manchester in the north of England in 1858

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完形填空The change in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at that the Earth’s surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those【A1】______ by models take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability.To【A2】______ the question of attribution requires the【A3】______ of more powerful and complex methods, beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on【A4】______ maps or patterns of temperature change in【A5】______ and in models. Pattern analysis is the climatologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned【A6】______ , and makes it possible to achieve more definitive【A7】______ of observed climate changed to a particular cause or causes.The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole【A8】______ cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful【A9】______ technique. The basic idea【A10】______ pattern-based approaches is that different【A11】______ causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to【A12】______ a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change【A13】______ by models and those actually observed.The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible【A14】______ on global climate and that these activities will have and increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are【A15】______ the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atmospheric【A16】______ of a number of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere.Human activities, such as the burning of fossil, have also increased the【A17】______ of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the【A18】______ of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the【A19】______ of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climate effects of these particles began only recently and the overall【A20】______ is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.

完形填空 The transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence—typically between the ages of 9 and 13—and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are: 41 A child's self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they're not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent. 42 Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite—loud and angry —in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwrardness. 43 Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frightening, pleasures become more exciting, irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness. 44 There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong. 45 Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up — and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity. Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life. A. Physical Changes B. Low Self-Esteem C. Conflicts with parents D. Emerging Independence and Search for Identity E. Emotional Turbulence F. Interest in the Opposite Sex G. Peer Pressure and Conformity

完形填空Suppose you are there in the museum, with the head-sized smartphone permanently positioned in front of your nose. According to a new study published in Psychological Science this week, you are doing it all wrong. That tiny camera you are using to carefully【A1】______your art viewing experience is actually【A2】______your art memory, not preserving it. The study,【A3】______by Fairfield University’s psychological scientist Linda Henkel, claims that museum goers have worse memories【A4】______objects and specific object details【A5】______they used a camera to record paintings, archeological relics or historical artifacts【A6】______It’s a phenomenon Henkel calls the “photo-taking impairment effect. “ “ When people【A7】______technology to remember for them — counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to【A8】______to it fully themselves — it can have a negative【A9】______on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explains in a description of the study. To reach her conclusion, Henkel【A10】______an experiment at Bellarmine Art Museum at Fairfield University,【A11】______she recruited undergraduate students to【A12】______the institute and take note of specific objects on display. The subjects could either photograph the items or just observe them — it was【A13】______them. Then the following day, the students’ memories were tested. The results proved that the camera-happy participants【A14】______worse than the persons who relied on their simple observation skills. “Research has suggested that the sheer【A15】______and lack of organization of digital photos for personal memories discourages many people from accessing and reminiscing about them,” Henkel states.

完形填空Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training

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完形填空My friend Jane once found a weasel（鼬鼠） when he was very young

完形填空The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green” office building in New York two decades ago, we felt very【A1】_____ . But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the【A2】_____ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to【A3】_____ .Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for【A4】_____ use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis【A5】_____ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So far 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials【A6】_____ to the molecules, looking for ways to make them【A7】_____ for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials — such as paints that release significantly【A8】_____ amounts of organic compounds — that don’t【A9】_____ the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately,【A10】_____ , our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating【A11】_____ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil【A12】_____ reused by industry again and again. As a matter of【A13】_____ , the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already developed a carpet that is fully and safely【A14】_____ .Look at it this way: No one【A15】_____ out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are【A16】_____ causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So【A17】_____ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are【A18】_____ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a【A19】_____ effect on the world. It’s not just the building industry, either.【A20】_____ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.

完形填空 Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more hannonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. "Anthropology." derives from the Greek words anthropos" human" and logos" the study of. "Bv its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor''s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (64) Tylor defined culture as"... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. " This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor''s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. (65) Thus, the anthropological concept of" culture, "like the concept of" set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.