填空题A. Gathering the informationB. Cigarettes produced to match an imageC. Changing attitudes allow new marketing tacticsD. Background to the researchE. A public uproar is avoidedF. The innovative move to written advertsG. A century of uninhibited smoking In 1992, the most recent year for which data are available, the US tobacco industry spent $5 billion on domestic marketing. That figure represents a huge increase from the approximate ￡250-million budget in 1971, when tobacco advertising was banned from television and radio. The current expenditure translates to about $75 for every adult smoker, or to $4,500 for every adolescent who became a smoker that year. This apparently high cost to attract a new smoker is very likely recouped over the average 25 years that this teen will smoke. 41. ______ In the first half of this century, leaders of the tobacco companies boasted that innovative mass-marketing strategies built the industry. Recently, however, the tobacco business has maintained that its advertising is geared to draw established smokers to particular brands. But public health advocates insist that such advertising plays a role in generating new demand, with adolescents being the primary target. To explore the issue, we examined several marketing campaigns undertaken over the years and correlated them with the ages smokers say they began their habit. We find that, historically, there is considerable evidence that such campaigns led to an increase in cigarette smoking among adolescents of the targeted group. 42. ______ National surveys collected the ages at which people started smoking. The 1955 Current Population Survey (CPS) was the first to query respondents for this information, although only summary data survive. Beginning in 1970, however, the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) included this question in some polls. Answers from all the surveys were combined to produce a sample of more than 165,000 individuals. Using a respondent's age at the time of the survey and the reported age of initiation (age they started smoking), the year the person began smoking could be determined. Dividing the number of adolescents (defined as those 12 to 17 years old) who started smoking during a particular interval by the number who were ~'eligible" to begin at the start of the interval set the initiation rate for that group. 43. ______ Mass-marketing campaigns began as early as the 1880s, which boosted tobacco consumption sixfold by 1900. Much of the rise was attributed to a greater number of people smoking cigarettes, as opposed to using cigars, pipes, snuff or chewing tobacco. Marketing strategies included painted billboards and an extensive distribution of coupons~ which a recipient could redeem for free cigarettes ... Some brands included soft-porn pictures of women in the packages. Such tactics inspired outcry from educational leaders concerned about their corrupting influence on teenage boys. Thirteen percent of the males surveyed in 1955 who reached adolescence between 1890 and 1910 commenced smoking by 18 years of age, compared with almost no females. 44. ______ The power of targeted advertising is more apparent if one considers the men born between 1890 and 1899. In 1912, when many of these men were teenagers, the R.J. Reynolds company launched the Camel brand of cigarettes with a revolutionary approach Every city in the country was bombarded with print advertising. According to the 1955 CPS, initiation by age 18 for males in this group jumped to 21.6 percent, a two thirds increase over those born before 1890. The NHIS initiation rate also reflected this change. For adolescent males it went up from 2.9 percent between 1910 and 1912 to 4.9 percent between 1918 and 1921. 45. ______ It was not until the mid-1920s that social mores permitted cigarette advertising to focus on women In 1926 a poster depicted women imploring smokers of Chesterfield cigarettes to "Blow Some My Way". The most successful crusade, however, was for Lucky Strikes, which urged women to "Reach for a Lucky instead of a Sweet". The 1955 CPS data showed that 7 percent of the women who were adolescents during the mid-1920s had started smoking by age 18, compared with only 2 percent in the preceding generation of female adolescents. Initiation rates from the NHIS data for adolescent girls were observed to increase threefold, from 0.6 percent between 1922 and 1925 to 1.8 percent between 1930 and 1933. In contrast, rates for males rose only slightly.

填空题The lunch was excellent,{{U}} 尤其是第一道菜{{/U}}.

填空题I remember ______ (take)to Beijing when I was a child．

填空题A. When is it taking place? B. Is Alan attending? C. That"ll be interesting. Alice: We"re having a meeting tomorrow. Can you make it? Kevin: 1 Alice: We"re planning at 10 o"clock. Is that OK? Kevin: Yes, that"ll be fine. Alice: We"re going to go over last quarter"s sales figures. Kevin: Good. I have some input I"d like to make. Alice: Frank is also going to make some suggestions on improving the bottom line. Kevin: 2 He"s got keen insights. Alice: Yes, he"s going to outline some new sales strategies. Kevin: 3 Alice: No, he"s flying to San Francisco and won"t be able to make it. Kevin: Oh well, maybe he"ll phone in.

填空题The present system is ______ than the old one． 现在的系统比以前那个高效得多。

填空题capacity

填空题The bank robber has been sentenced to a ten-year imprisonment, ______ he had known the consequence before he committed the robbery.

填空题If certain linguistics tries to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all, it is ______ linguistics.

填空题Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. What killed the dinosaurs? Until recently, no one really knew the answer to that question. That was until a huge crater was discovered under the sea off Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. Studies revealed that the hole had been made by an asteroid which struck the earth 65 million years ago, and caused the extinction of the dinosaurs as well as two-thirds of all species. 41. ______ For the first time, humans were able to witness exactly what happens when a celestial body collides with a planet. As the comet punched holes bigger than the earth into Jupiter's atmosphere, and threw up clouds of debris thousands of miles high, it quickly became clear that survival was no longer entirely a question of being the "fittest". 42. ______ But, to most people, the risk remains academic. With all the dangers humans face—sickness, accidents, etc.—it is understandable that people don't take seriously the risk posed by something :hat hasn't happened for 65 million years and may not happen for another 65 million years. 43. ______ Even the worst tornadoes, floods and earthquakes affect only a very small percentage of the earth's surface and population. But the effects of an impact caused by a celestial body of just 10 kilometers in diameter would make humans extinct, along with most of the world's other animals and plants. The danger comes from asteroids and comets which cross the earth's orbit. Asteroids pose a greater danger because they are more numerous. Most originate in the Asteroid Belt—a vast group of asteroids which orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter. These asteroids are normally in stable orbits but collisions between them, and the gravitational effects of Jupiter, can change their orbits, either sending them out of the solar system or towards tile sun. 44. ______ They can still do some damage, however, particularly if they are composed of iron. About 50,000 years ago, a metallic asteroid with a diameter of about 30 meters smashed into what is now the American state of Arizona. It left a crater 1.2 kilometers wide. More recently, in 1908, a rocky asteroid about 60 meters in diameter exploded as it entered the earth's atmosphere above the Tunguska Valley in Siberia. 45. ______ But, it is those asteroids with diameters of one kilometre or more which pose the greatest threat. It is estimated that between 1,000 and 2,000 of these come closer to the earth than Mars, our nearest planetary neighbor. If a one-kilometer asteroid were to hit the earth, the consequences would be devastating. These bodies typically travel at speeds of about 20 kilometers per second. At that speed, one hitting the earth would release energies millions of times greater than those released by the atomic bomb at Hiroshima in 1945. Such an impact would not be enough to make humans extinct, but it would change forever life as we know it. An object of this size is estimated to collide with the earth every 300,000 years.[A] Once the rain of debris subsided, the sky would turn black. Vast clouds of dust and soot would block out sunlight, stopping photosynthesis and causing acid rain. Then the earth would begin to cool, and a mini ice age would follow. The age of mammals would be over.[B] Fragments crashed to the ground and although they did not leave a crater, they destroyed an area of forest 50 kilometers across. If this happened above a city, buildings and people would be completely destroyed.[C] If one were to hit earth now, it would release energies of about 100 million megatons—five billion times greater than the Hiroshima bomb.[D] A new factor had been introduced into evolution: the ability to survive a collision between the earth and an asteroid or comet.[E] But, many scientists believe that collisions between the earth and celestial bodies cannot be regarded as "just another risk". The main reason for this is that no other catastrophe—except perhaps a nuclear war—has the potential to destroy human civilization completely.[F] But just how one impact managed to cause such destruction was not widely understood until July 1994, when the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 smashed into the planet Jupiter.[G] Those less than 100 meters in diameter are not usually regarded as a threat because most are destroyed by heat as they enter the earth's atmosphere and so never reach the ground.

填空题The message {{U}}will be{{/U}} {{U}}that{{/U}} neither the market nor the government is capable of dealing with all of {{U}}their{{/U}} uncontrollable {{U}}practices{{/U}}. A. will be B. that C. their D. practices

填空题{{U}}There are signs that{{/U}} computers will be becoming more and more popular in ordinary families.

填空题[A]"Customersdon'tbuyproducts,"Marysays."Theybuyresults."Maryexplainsthatitisherjobtohelpcustomersgetresults.Resultsarewhattheproductsdoforthecustomers.Customersbuyproductsforwhattheproductsdo.[B]Maryenjoysherjob.Herjobiscustomerservice.Shehelpscustomersusehercompany'sproducts.Whenpeopleaskherwhatshedoes,Marysays."Salespeoplesellourproducts.Myjobistomakesuretheystaysold."[C]Shefindssomeonewhoisdoingexactlywhatthecustomerwhocalledisinterestedinseeing.Marycallscustomerswhoarealreadyusingtheproduct.Sheasksifthecustomerwhowantstoseehowtheproductsareusedcanvisitthesecompanies.Mostcustomerscooperate.Theyletothercustomersvisittoseehowproductsareused.Theyhelpothersbecausetheyknowtheymayneedhelpthemselvessomeday.Theyknowtheywillbeabletoaskforhelplateriftheygivehelptoothersnow.[D]MarygetscopiesofsalesordersfromSteve,John,Helen,andothersalespeople.Whenshegetstheorders,Marytalkstothesalespeopleaboutthecustomers.ItispartofMary'sjobtofindouthowcustomersareusinghercompany'sproducts.Marytellscustomers,"I'mintheinformationbusiness.Myjobistogiveyouanyinformationyouneedaboutourproductsandhowthey'reused."[E]Marymakesappointmentsforhercompany'scustomerstovisiteachother.Mary'scompanyisveryhappytohavecust6merscomparehowtheyuseitsproducts.Thecompanyfeelsthatthisishowcustomershelpsellitsproductstoothercustomers.[F]SometimesMaryhelpscustomerstohelpeachother.Customerscalltoaskaboutusinghercompany'sproducts.Marygivesthemproductliterature.Shealsogivestheminformationfromherfilesonhowproductscanbeused.Sometimescustomerswanttoseeproductsbeingused.Thesecustomersareinterestedinseeingexactlywhatisdonewiththeproducts.Whenthishappens,Marylooksinherfiles.'Shelookstoseewhichcustomersareusingtheproducts.Thenshelookstoseehowtheproductsareused.[G]Marykeepsfilesofinformationaboutproductsandcustomers.Filesaregroupsofdocumentssetuptomakeiteasytofindanydocumentorrecordwhichisneeded.Inherfiles,Maryhasprintedsheetsabouthercompany'sproducts.Theseprintedsheetsaboutthethingsthecompanymakesarecalledproductliterature.Productliteraturetellsaboutthethingsthecompanymakes.Theliteraturealsotellswhattheproductsdo.Theideaistoshowhowproductshelpcustomerswhousethem.[H]Maryhasalistofallthecompany'scustomers.Whenshereceivescopiesoforders,Marychecksthemtoseeifthereareanynewcustomers.Maryalsocheckstoseeifanyoldcustomersarebuyingproductthathasnotbeenmadebefore.Marychecksorderstoseewhichcustomersbuyit.Anytimecustomersbuyproductstheyhavenotusedbefore,Marycallstoseeifshecanhelp.Maryasksifthecustomerneedsinformation.Shealsoaskshowthecustomerisusingtheproduct.Maryputsinformationinherfilesonhowcustomersusehercompany'sproducts.{{B}}Order:{{/B}}

填空题A. Hold the line B. flight numberC. ask a question D. To New YorkE. May I have your name F. reconfirm my seatG. please check in H. On May 11thA: Northwind Airlines. Can I help you?B: Hello, I'd like to【R1】______ , please.A: May I have your name and【R2】______ ,please?B: My name is Daniel Adams and my flight number is 374.A: When are you leaving?B:【R3】______ .A: And your destination?B: Buenos Aires.A:【R4】______ , please... All right. Your seat is confirmed, Mr. Adams. You'll be arriving in Buenos Aires at 4 o' clock p. m. local time. B: Thank you. Can I pick up my ticket when I check in? A: Yes, but【R5】______ at least one hour before departure time.

填空题The name of the ______ in a transport document should be as required in the L/C. if the transport document requires endorsement, then it should be appropriately endorsed.

填空题A serious ______ determined him to give up smoking. (ill)