单选题______ had we sat down than the telephone rang.

单选题 How Your Language Affects Your Wealth and Health A. Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages affects our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have dramatic long-term consequences. B. There has been a lot of research into how we deal with the future. For example, the famous marshmallow (棉花糖) studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist temptation is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that if they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future reward became more successful young adults. C. Resisting our impulses for immediate pleasure is often the only way to attain the outcomes that are important to us. We want to keep a slim figure but we also want that last slice of pizza. We want a comfortable retirement, but we also want to drive that dazzling car, go on that dream vacation, or get those gorgeous shoes. Some people are better at delaying gratification (满足) than others. Those people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life style. They are less likely to be impulse buyers or smokers, or to engage in unsafe sex. D. Chen's recent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects our future-oriented behavior. Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and the future. Chen's recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. The way these people conceptualize the future is similar to the way they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not feel very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with their future interests. E. Different languages have different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, Korean, and Russian, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly (明确地). Every time English-speakers talk about the future, they have to use future markers such as 'will' or 'going to.' In other languages, such as Mandarin, Japanese, and German, future markers are not obligatory (强制性的) . The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood from the context. A Mandarin speaker who is going to go to a seminar might say 'Wo qu ting jiangzuo,' which translates to 'I go listen seminar.' Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of languages such as Mandarin future feels closer. As a consequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers. F. Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. This data includes people's economic decisions, such as whether they saved any money last year, the languages they speak at home, demographics (人口统计资料), and cultural factors such as 'saving is an important cultural value for me.' He also analyzed individual-level data on people's retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. Lastly, he analyzed national-level data that includes national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages. G. People's savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religious connection, their countries' legal systems, and their cultural values. After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on people's savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to save money for the future. This effect is as large as the effect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well. H. Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise more, and generally be healthier in older age. Countries' national savings rates are also affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people speaking languages that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher. I. At a more practical level, researchers have been looking for ways to help people act in accordance with their long-term interests. Recent findings suggest that making the future feel closer to the present might improve future-oriented behavior. For instance, researchers recently presented people with renderings of their future selves made using age-progression algorithms (算法) that forecast how physical appearances would change over time. One group of participants saw a digital representation of their current selves in a virtual mirror, and the other group saw an age-morphed version of their future selves. Those participants who saw the age-morphed version of their future selves allocated more money toward a hypothetical savings account. The intervention brought people's future to the present and as a result they saved more for the future. J. Chen's research shows that language structures our future-related thoughts. Language has been used before to alter time perception with surprising effects. Ellen Langer and colleagues famously improved older people's physical health by simple interventions including asking them to talk about the events of twenty years ago as if it they were happening now. Talking about the past as if it were the present changed people's mindsets and their mindsets affected their physical states. Chen's research points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can move the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have dramatic influences on our judgments and decisions.

单选题（）

单选题I am contacting you regarding your advertisement for the Sales Department opening listed on your website.

单选题 She sat on the bench in the park, her chin ______ in her hand.

单选题Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert ______ Eisenberger?

单选题We have in America a ______ speech that is neither American, Oxford English, nor English but a combination of the three.

单选题Once the novelty of watching TV and videos all day has ______, there is nothing to do.

单选题I'd like you ______ to see him

单选题 The phrase almost completes itself: midlife crisis. It's the stage in the middle of the journey when people feel youth vanishing, their prospects narrowing and death approaching. There's only one problem with the cliché(套话). It isn't true. 'In fact, there is almost no hard evidence for midlife crisis other than a few small pilot studies conducted decades ago,' Barbara Hagerty writes in her new book, Life Reimagined. The vast bulk of the research shows that there may be a pause, or a shifting of gears in the 40s or 50s, but this shift 'can be exciting, rather than terrifying'. Barbara Hagerty looks at some of the features of people who turn midlife into a rebirth. They break routines, because 'autopilot is death'. They choose purpose over happiness—having a clear sense of purpose even reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease. They give priority to relationships, as careers often recede (逐渐淡化). Life Reimagined paints a picture of middle age that is far from gloomy. Midlife seems like the second big phase of decision-making. Your identity has been formed; you've built up your resources; and now you have the chance to take the big risks precisely because your foundation is already secure. Karl Barth described midlife precisely this way. At middle age, he wrote, 'the sowing is behind; now is the time to reap. The run has been taken; now is the time to leap. Preparation has been made; now is the time for the venture of the work itself.' The middle-aged person, Barth continued, can see death in the distance, but moves with a 'measured haste' to get big new things done while there is still time. What Barth wrote decades ago is even truer today. People are healthy and energetic longer. We have presidential candidates running for their first term in office at age 68, 69 and 74. A longer lifespan is changing the narrative structure of life itself. What could have been considered the beginning of a descent is now a potential turning point—the turning point you are most equipped to take full advantage of.

单选题The newspaper did not mention the ______ of the damage caused by the fire. A. range B. level C. extent D. quantity

单选题What is the philosophy underlying the function of science according to the author?

单选题This advertising company managed to obtain the ______ right to do the advertisements for a famous joint company in Beijing. A. exclusive B. excluding C. extra D. extraordinary

单选题 The planet is getting lusher, and we are responsible. Carbon dioxide generated by human activity is stimulating photosynthesis (光合作用) and causing a beneficial greening of the Earth's surface. For the first time, researchers claim to have shown that the increase in plant cover is due to this 'CO2 fertilization effect' rather than other causes. However, it remains unclear whether the effect can counter any negative consequences of global warming, such as the spread of deserts. Recent satellite studies have shown that the planet is harboring more vegetation overall, but pinning down the cause has been difficult. Factors such as higher temperatures, extra rainfall, and an increase in atmospheric CO2—which helps plants use water more efficiently—could all be boosting vegetation. To home in on the effect of CO2, Randall Donohue of Australia's national research institute, the CSIRO in Canberra, monitored vegetation at the edges of deserts in Australia, southern Africa, the US Southwest, North Africa, the Middle East and central Asia. These are regions where there is ample warmth and sunlight, but only just enough rainfall for vegetation to grow, so any change in plant cover must be the result of a change in rainfall patterns or CO2 levels, or both. If CO2 levels were constant, then the amount of vegetation per unit of rainfall ought to be constant, too. However, the team found that this figure rose by 11 per cent in these areas between 1982 and 2010, mirroring the rise in CO2 (Geophysical Research Letters, doi. org/mqx). Donohue says this lends 'strong support' to the idea that CO2 fertilization drove the greening. Climate change studies have predicted that many dry areas will get drier and that some deserts will expand. Donohue's findings make this less certain. However, the greening effect may not apply to the world's driest regions. Beth Newingham of the University of Idaho, Moscow, recently published the result of a 10-year experiment involving a greenhouse set up in the Mojave Desert of Nevada. She found 'no sustained increase in biomass' when extra CO2 was pumped into the greenhouse. 'You cannot assume that all these deserts respond the same,' she says. 'Enough water needs to be present for the plants to respond at all.'

单选题New research finds that nearly 5200 kids are treated in an emergency department each year after falling from a window. That's 14 kids a day, according to a study published Monday. Typical hospital admission 25 for childhood injuries stand at 5%, but 25% of window-related injuries end up requiring care in the hospital, for pretty obvious reasons: a fall from a window can be 26 . New York City landlords are required to 27 the guards, which resemble horizontal jail bars and cover the bottom half of a window to forma barrier that prevents kids from 28 out. Programs like Children Can't Fly in New York and Kids Can't Fly in Boston, which have raised public 29 about the need for window guards, especially in high-rise buildings, have helped contribute to dramatic 30 in the number of children falling out of windows in those cities. Parents can also use window stops to 31 children. Stops are screwed into the window frame and block the window from sliding too far upward. Parents should further limit children's 32 to windows by moving dressers, beds and tables away from the openings; many kids fell through a window they accessed by climbing onto furniture. It's also important to be 33 watchful when the weather is warm since that's when windows tend to be open. And don't make the mistake of thinking that a window screen 34 any protection. It found that screens did not prevent falls. A. access B. account C. anxiety D. awareness E. crawling F. deadly G. entirely H. injurious I. install J. offers K. particularly L. protect M. rates N. reductions O. slipping

单选题I'm afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It's only a copy and so it's ______. A. priceless B. invaluable C. unworthy D. worthless

单选题I know him well enough to accept his explanation ______ .

单选题Most of the 33 newly discovered planets' giant gas bags swing so erratically that they create {{U}}havoc{{/U}} on any smaller, nearby, life-friendly planets.

单选题根据下面资料，回答21-35题。Mrs.McTavish looked out."It's a lovely day.Would you like to go for a walk in the park？"Her children 21 with excitement. "Before we go， you need to follow some rules.Everyone must 22 h