复合题（）

复合题Humansarefascinatedbythesourceoftheirfailingsandvirtues.Thispreoccupationinevitablyleadstoanolddebate:whethernatureornurturemouldsusmore.Arevolutioningeneticshaspoisedthisasamodernpoliticalquestionaboutthecharacterofoursociety:ifpersonalitiesarehard-wiredintoourgenes,whatcangovernmentsdotohelpus?Itfeelsmorallyquestionable,yetclaimsofgeneticselectionbyintelligencearemakingheadlines.Thisisdowntohereditarian(遗传论的)scienceandarecentpaperclaimeddifferencesinexamperformancebetweenpupilsattendingselectiveandnon-selectiveschoolsmirrorthegeneticdifferencesbetweenthem.Withsuchanassertion,theworkwaspredictablygreetedbyalotofabsurdclaimsaboutgeneticsdeterminingacademicsuccess.Whattheresearchrevealedwastheratherlesssurprisingresult:theeducationalbenefitsofselectiveschoolslargelydisappearoncepupils’inbornabilityandsocio-economicbackgroundweretakenintoaccount.Itisaglimpseoftheblindinglyobvious—andthere’snothingtobackstronglyeitherahereditaryorenvironmentalargument.Yetthepaperdoessaychildrenareunintentionallygeneticallyselectedbytheschoolsystem.Centraltohereditarianscienceisatallclaim:thatidentifiablevariationsingeneticsequencescanpredictanindividual’saptnesstolearn,reasonandsolveproblems.Thisisproblematiconmanylevels.Ateachercouldnotseriouslytellaparenttheirchildhasalowgenetictendencytostudywhenexternalfactorsclearlyexist.Unlike-mindedacademicssaytheinheritabilityofhumantraitsisscientificallyunsound.AtbestthereisaweakstatisticalassociationandnotacausallinkbetweenDNAandintelligence.Yetsophisticatedstatisticsareusedtocreateanintimidatoryatmosphereofscientificcertainty.Whilethere’sanundoubtedgeneticbasistoindividualdifference,itiswrongtothinkthatsociallydefinedgroupscanbegeneticallyaccountedfor.Thefixationongenesasdestinyissurelyfalsetoo.MedicalpredictabilitycanrarelybebasedonDNAalone;theenvironmentmatterstoo.Somethingascomplexasintellectislikelytobeaffectedbymanyfactorsbeyondgenes.Ifhereditarianswanttoadvancetheircauseitwillrequiremorebalancedinterpretationandnotjustactsofadvocacy.Geneticselectionisawayofexertinginfluenceoverothers,theultimatecollectivecontrolofhumandestinies,aswriterH.G.Wellsputit.Knowledgebecomespowerandpowerrequiresasenseofresponsibility.Inunderstandingcognitiveability,wemustnotelevatediscriminationtoascience;allowingpeopletoclimbtheladderoflifeonlyasfarastheircellsmightsuggest.Thiswillneedamorescepticaleyeonthescience.Astechnologyprogresses,weallhaveadutytomakesurethatweshapeafuturethatwewouldwanttofindourselvesin.

复合题 What might be the best title of the passage? 

复合题According to Paragraph 3 ,what is the recommended time for tea drinking? 

复合题What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?

复合题NicolaSturgeon’sspeechlastTuesdaysettingouttheScottishgovernment’slegislativeprogrammefortheyearaheadconfirmedwhatwasalreadyprettyclear.ScottishcouncilsaresettobethefirstintheUKwiththepowertolevychargesonvisitors,withEdinburghlikelytoleadtheway.Touristtaxesarenotnew.TheHimayalankingdomofBhutanhasalongstandingpolicyofchargingvisitorsadailyfee.France’staxonovernightstayswasintroducedtoassistthermalspa(温泉)townstodevelop,andaroundhalfofFrenchlocalauthoritiesuseittoday.Butsuchleviesareontherise.MovesbyBarcelonaandVenicetodealwiththephenomenonofover-tourismthroughtheuseofchargeshaverecentlygainedprominence.JapanandGreeceareamongthecountriestohaverecentlyintroducedtouristtaxes.ThattheUKlagsbehindisduetoourweak,byinternationalstandards,localgovernment,aswellastheoppositiontotaxesandregulationofouraggressivelypro-marketrulingparty.SomeUKcitieshavelobbiedwithoutsuccessforthepowertolevyachargeonvisitors.Suchleviesarenouniversalremedyastheamountsraisedwouldbetinycomparedwithwhathasbeentakenawaybycentralgovernmentsince2010.Still,itistobehopedthattheScottishgovernment’sboldmovewillpromptotherstoact.ThereisnoreasonwhyvisitorstotheUK,ordomestictouristsonholidayinhotspotssuchasCornwall,shouldbeexemptfromtaxation—particularlywhenvitallocalservicesincludingwastecollection,parkmaintenanceandartsandculturespendingareunderunprecedentedstrain.Onthecontrary,compellingtouriststomakeafinancialcontributiontotheplacestheyvisitbeyondtheirpersonalconsumptionshouldbepartofawiderculturalshift.Westernerswithdisposableincomeshaveoftenbehavedasiftheyhavearighttogowherevertheychoosewithlittleregardfortheconsequences.Justastheenvironmentalharmcausedbyaviationandothertransportmustcomeunderfargreaterscrutiny,thesocialcostoftourismmustalsobeconfronted.Thisincludestheimpactofshort-termletsonhousingcostsandqualityoflifeforresidents.SeveralEuropeancapitals,includingParisandBerlin,areleadingacampaignfortougherregulationbytheEuropeanUnion.Italsoincludestheimpactofovercrowding,litterandthekindsofbehaviourassociatedwithnoisyparties.Thereisnoonesizefitsallsolutiontothisproblem.Theexistenceofnewrevenuestreamsforsomebutnotallcouncilsiscomplicated,andbusinessesareoftenopposed,fearinghighercostswillmakethemuncompetitive.Butthoseplacesthatwantthemmustbegiventhechancetomaketouristtaxeswork.

复合题We often think of drawing as something that takes inborn talent, but this kind of thinking stems from our misclassification of drawing as, primarily, an art form rather than a tool for learning. Researchers, teachers, and artists are starting to see how drawing can positively impact a wide variety of skills and disciplines. Most of us have spent some time drawing before, but at some point, most of us stop drawing. There are people who don’t, obviously, and thank god for that: a world without designers and artists would be a very shabby one indeed. Some argue that so many adults have abandoned drawing because we’ve miscategorized it and given it a very narrow definition. In his book, Stick Figures: Drawing as a Human Practice, Professor D. B. Dowd argues that we have misfiled the significance of drawing because we see it as a professional skill instead of a personal capacity. We mistakenly think of good drawings as those which work as recreations of the real world, as realistic illusions. Rather, drawing should be recategorized as a symbolic tool. Human beings have been drawing for 73,000 years. It’s part of what it means to be human. We don’t have the strength of chimpanzees (大猩猩) because we’ve given up animal strength to manipulate subtle instruments, like hammers, spears, and—later—pens and pencils. The human hand is an extremely dense network of nerve endings. In many ways, human beings are built to draw. Some researchers argue that doodling (涂画) activates the brain’s so-called default circuit— essentially, the areas of the brain responsible for maintaining a baseline level of activity in the absence of other stimuli. Because of this, some believe that doodling during a boring lecture can help students pay attention. In one study, participants were asked to listen to a list of names while either doodling or sitting still. Those who doodled remembered 29 percent more of the names than those who did not. There’s also evidence that drawing talent is based on how accurately someone perceives the world. The human visual system tends to misjudge size, shape, color, and angles but artists perceive these qualities more accurately than non-artists. Cultivating drawing talent can become an essential tool to improve people’s observational skills in fields where the visual is important. Rather than think of drawing as a talent that some creative people are gifted in, we should consider it as a tool for seeing and understanding the world better—one that just so happens to double as an art form. Both absent-minded doodling and copying from life have been shown to positively affect your memory and visual perception, so complain loudly the next time your school board slashes the art department’s budget.

复合题Passage ThreeSince we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up the exchanges of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with maj or life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—money aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.The author mainly talks about ______.

复合题（） 

复合题Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets and write your versionon the Answer Sheet.

复合题之后，故本空应填be动词的非谓语形式，故选A()

复合题What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?

复合题I’m thinking of going back to school to get another degree.----Sounds Great! ________ .

复合题（） 

复合题Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

复合题According to Bryk and Schneider, what was most important for successful school improvemt? 

复合题What is the conclusion of the study? 

复合题Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

复合题What may the tea Ikarians drink daily help?