单选题What sort of glass you drink from predicts how fast you drink. "Would you like that in a straight or a jug, sir?" was once a common response to Britishers" request for a pint in a pub. Like the Lilliputians in Gulliver"s Travels, who argued whether a boiled egg should be opened at the pointed or the rounded end, beer drinkers were adamant that only from their preferred shape of glass did their drinks taste best. Straight-sided glasses—sometimes with a bulge a little below the lip—have largely won the day. Jugs equipped with handles are now rare. But that is probably because straight glasses are easier for bar staff to collect and stack. The shape of a beer glass does, nevertheless, matter. For a group of researchers at the University of Bristol have shown that it can regulate how quickly someone drinks. Angela Attwood and her colleagues asked 160 undergraduates—80 women and 80 men—to do one of four things: drink beer out of a straight glass; drink beer out of a flute—a tall narrow wineglass; or drink lemonade from one of these two sorts of glass. To complicate matters further, some of the glasses were full whereas others were half-full. What Dr. Attwood and her team were really interested in was how quickly the various drinks would be drunk. The answer was that a full straight glass of beer was polished off in 11 minutes, on average. A full flute, by contrast, was finished off in seven, which was also the amount of time it took to drink a full glass of lemonade, regardless of the type of vessel. If a glass started half-full, however, neither its shape nor its contents mattered. It was drunk in an average of five minutes. Though beer flutes are not common in British pubs, her observation that the shape of a glass can affect how fast it is drunk from bears investigation. Both health campaigners and breweries would be interested in the results, though they would probably draw opposite conclusions about what is the best-shaped glass in which to serve a bevvy.

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单选题This Agreement shall be subject to the terms and conditions in the sales confirmation ______ by both parties hereto. A．signs B．signed C．signing D．to sign

单选题It's an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that (1) evening you're burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, (2) are throwing the books at kids. (3) elementary school students are complaining of homework (4) What's a well-meaning parent to do? "As hard as (5) may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it, (6) helping too much, or even examining (7) too carefully, you may keep them (8) doing it by themselves. "I wouldn't advise a parent to cheek every (9) assignment," says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. "There's a (10) of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children (11) the grade they deserve." Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their (12) . But "you don't want them to feel it has to be (13) ," she says. That's not to say parents should (14) homework—first, they should monitor how much homework their kids (15) . Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in (16) four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be " (17) more than an hour and a half," and two for high-school students, If your child (18) has more homework than this, you may want to check (19) other parents and then talk to the teacher about (20) assignment.

单选题Women were involved in fighting the war for American independence in all of the following ways except as ______.

单选题Man: I'm still waiting for my sister to come back and type the application letter for me.Woman: Why bother her? I'll show you how to use the computer. It's quite easy.Question: What does the woman mean?

单选题 {{B}}Questions 21—23 are based on a passage about cloning. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 21—23.{{/B}}

单选题Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of______at people.

单选题When I was walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner's name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph—a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old, who looked like the woman's daughter. I put the photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might want to write and thank me. That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a young woman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had not met before, but I couldn't remember where I had seen her. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to mention that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. All at once I realized where i had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describe her wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her from the photograph I had found in the wallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As the police sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet, but also the person who had lost it.

单选题Rigoberto Padilla, 21, came to the USA from Mexico when he was 6. He went to school in Chicago, joined the honor society and dreamed of becoming a lawyer-all while living here illegally. Padilla's status wasn't a problem until he applied for college and couldn't qualify for financial aid without a Social Security number, he says. In January, the University of Illinois-Chicago junior was charged with drunken driving. He pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor (轻罪), paid a fine and got court supervision, but that brought him to the attention of immigration officials and triggered deportation proceedings. "It was one mistake in my life," he says. Padilla's impending deportation, catapulted (猛投) him into a campaign to stop the deportation of college students and recent graduates. Lawmakers, students, members of the clergy and other acti-vists hope to buy the students time and use their stories to push for laws that would allow them, and perhaps millions of other illegal immigrants, to earn legal status, says Joshua Hoyt of the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agreed last week to delay Padilla's deportation for a year, making him one of at least seven young illegal immigrants who have had their deportations delayed since June, according to Dream Activist, one of the groups spearheading the campaign. Family ties and community standing are among the factors ICE considers when asked to delay a deportation, says ICE spokesman Richard Rocha. "I want to graduate college and give back to this country," Padilla says. His supporters flooded the Department of Homeland Security with thousands of faxes and designed a Facebook page telling 2 800 members how to help. The Chicago City Council passed a resolution in his behalf, and Rep. Jan Schakowsky, D-Ill. , introduced a bill specifically for him that would allow him to stay. "Why would we deprive ourselves of outstanding students and future leaders?" she asks. "They had no part in the decision to come here. " There are 12 million illegal immigrants in the USA. Activists call for an overhaul of immigration law that would offer them a way to earn legal status. Rep. Luis Gutierrez, Dill. , introduced a bill Tuesday that would give illegal immigrants who pay fines, pass background checks and meet other requirements a path toward legal residency. College students who are illegal immigrants fail under a separate proposal called the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act--the DREAM Act. Requirements would include arrival in the USA at 15 or younger, a five-year residency or more, and at least two years of college or military service. Versions of the act have been introduced since 2001 without success.

单选题The school shooting triggered a barrage of transparently irrelevant proposed solutions, tossed out without regard to their relevance to the events that supposedly______the proposals. (2009年北京大学考博试题)

单选题 In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance to become familiar with bodies of knowledge already discovered to those who wished it. To create and to impart, these were the distinctive features of American higher education prior to the most recent, disorderly decades of the twentieth century. The successful institution of higher learning had never been one whose mission could be defined in terms of providing vocational skills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems. In a subtle way Americans believed higher education to be useful, but not necessarily of immediate use. Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learning-public or private-commonly face the challenge of defining their programs in such a way as to contribute to the service of the community. This service role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobility, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social integration, or more generally to produce "productive" as compared to "educated" graduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community. One need only be reminded of the change in language describing the two-year college to appreciate the new value currently being attached to the concept of a service-related university. The traditional two-year college has shed its pejorative "junior" college label and is generally called a "community" college, a clearly value-laden expression representing the latest commitment in higher education. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required "union card" in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor's classroom duties. The idea of a college or university that performs a triple function-- communicating knowledge to students, expanding the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with society--has been the most important change in higher education in recent years. The novel development, however, is often overlooked. Educators have always been familiar with those parts of the two-year college curriculum that have a "service" or vocational orientation. It is important to know this. But some commentaries on American postsecondary education tend to underplay the impact of the attempt of colleges and universities to relate to, if not resolve, the problems of society. What's worse, they obscure a fundamental question posed by the service-university--what is higher education supposed to do?

单选题The Bush administration is about to propose far-reaching new rules that would give people with disabilities greater access to tens of thousands of courtrooms, swimming pools, golf courses, stadiums, theaters, hotels and retail stores. The proposal would substantially update and rewrite federal standards for enforcement of the Americans With Disabilities Act, a landmark civil rights law passed with strong bipartisan support in 1990. The new rules would set more stringent requirements in many areas and address some issues for the first time, in an effort to meet the needs of an aging population and growing numbers of disabled war veterans. More than seven million businesses and all state and local government agencies would be affected. The proposal includes some exemptions for parts of existing buildings, but any new construction or renovations would have to comply. The new standards would affect everything from the location of light switches to the height of retail service counters, to the use of monkeys as "service animals" for people with disabilities, which would be forbidden'. The White House approved the proposal in May after a five-month review. It is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on Tuesday, with 60 days for public comment. After considering those comments, the government would issue final rules with the force of law. Already, the proposal is stirring concern. The United States Chamber of Commerce says it would be onerous and costly, while advocates for disabled Americans say it does not go far enough. Since the disability law was signed by the first President Bush, advances in technology have made services more available to people with disabilities. But Justice Department officials said they were still receiving large numbers of complaints. In recent months, the federal government has settled lawsuits securing more seats for disabled fans at Madison Square Garden in New York and at the nation's largest college football stadium, at the University of Michigan. The Justice Department acknowledged that some of the changes would have significant costs. But over all, it said, the value of the public benefits, estimated at $ 54 billion, exceeds the expected costs of $ 23 billion. In an economic analysis of the proposed rules, the Justice Department said the need for an accessible environment was greater than ever because the Iraq war was "creating a new generation of young men and women with disabilities". John L. Wodatch, chief of the disability rights section of the Justice Department, said："Disability is inherent in the human condition. The vast majority of individuals who are fortunate enough to reach an advanced age will benefit from the proposed requirements. /

单选题Two-thirds of young people go to bed with their phones nearby, for they're afraid they'll______ something important.

单选题But for the heavy rain, they ______ earlier.

单选题There are various ways in which sex roles and sex-role stereotypes are taught. For example, many adults handle babies differently, depending on【36】they are boys or girls. That: is, they may treat boys more roughly and girls more gently. Adults【37】boys for being strong and girls for being pretty and quiet. They【38】independence in boys and dependence in girls. These are only a very few【39】of the ways in which our society determines sex roles. The point is that,【40】to what many people think, there can be greater differences【41】members of the same sex than there are between the sexes. Today, in our society, sex roles are【42】changing. At one time, sex roles and work were closely related. That is, sex determined the work done by each person. The woman's【43】was caring for the home. The man's was working in the outside world. Today, many women feel that【44】and motherhood are not the only ways in which they can meet their【45】for self-fulfillment. Today, many men wish to spend more time at home with their children. Individuals now have greater freedom in how they live their lives. Work and sex roles are becoming increasingly flexible.

单选题The principle of the social character of the school as the basic factor in the moral education given may be also applied to the question of methods of instruction, not in their details, but in their general spirit. The emphasis then fells upon instruction and giving out, rather than upon absorption and mere learning. We fail to recognize how essentially individualistic the latter methods are, and how unconsciously, yet certainly and effectively, they react into the child's ways of judging and of acting. Imagine forty children all engaged in reading the same books, and in preparing and reciting the same lessons day after day. Suppose this process constitutes by far the larger part of their work, and that they are continually judged from the standpoint of what they are able to take in a study hour and reproduce in a recitation hour. There is next to no opportunity for any social division of labor. There is no opportunity for each child to work out something specifically his own, which he may contribute to the common stock, while he participates in the productions of others. All are set to do exactly the same work and turn out the same products. The social spirit is not cultivated, in fact, in so far as the purely individualistic method gets in its work, it atrophies for lack of use. The child is born with a natural desire to give out, to do, to serve. When this tendency is not used, when conditions are such that other motives are substituted, the accumulation of an influence working against the social spirit is much larger than we have any idea of, especially when the burden of work, week after week, and year after year, falls upon this side. But lack of cultivation of the social spirit is not all. Positively individualistic motives and standards are inculcated. Some stimulus must be found to keep the child at his studies. At the best this will be his affection for his teacher, together with a feeling that he is not violating school rules, and thus negatively, if not positively, is contributing to the good of the school. I have nothing to say against these motives so far as they go, but they are inadequate. The relation between the piece of work to be done and affection for a third person is external, not intrinsic It is therefore liable to break down whenever the external conditions are changed. Moreover, this attachment to a particular person may become so isolated and exclusive as to be selfish in quality. In any case, the child should gradually grow out of this relatively external motive into an appreciation, for its own sake, of the social value of what he has to do, because of its larger relations to life, not pinned down to two or three persons. But, unfortunately, the motive is not always at this relative best, but mixed with lower motives which are distinctly egoistic. Fear is a motive which is almost sure to enter in, not necessarily physical fear, or fear of punishment, but fear of losing the approbation of others; or fear of failure, so extreme as to be morbid and paralyzing. On the other side, emulation and rivalry enter in. Just because all are doing the same work, and are judged(either in recitation or examination with reference to grading and to promotion)not from the standpoint of their personal contribution, but from that of comparative success, the feeling of superiority over others is unduly appealed to, while timid children are depressed. Children are judged with reference to their capacity to realize the same external standard. The weaker gradually lose their sense of power, and accept a position of continuous and persistent inferiority. The effect upon both self-respect and respect for work need not be dwelt upon. The strong learn to glory, not in their strength, but in the fact that they are stronger.

单选题All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star. (1) the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower (2) status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the (3) that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had (4) . The gods seemed hopelessly violent and (5) , and one's life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that (6) were created to enable the gods to (7) up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to (8) the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city. (9) the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the (10) of the economic produce of the city were favored (11) their supernatural and material functions (12) . When, after 3000 B. C. , growing warfare among the cities made military leadership (13) , the head of the army who became king assumed a(n) (14) position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to (15) Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society. (16) them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who (17) every aspect of the city's economic life and who developed a rough judicial system. (18) the temple officials, society was divided among an elite or (19) group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who (20) the majority of the population; and slaves.

单选题Their business {{U}}flourished{{/U}} at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hard work.

单选题I reject any religious doctrine that does not ______ to reason and is in conflict with morality.