单选题The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.

单选题1 Can animals have a sense of humor? Sally Blanchard, publisher of a newsletter called the Pet Bird Report, thinks a pet parrot may have pulled her leg. That's one explanation for the time her African gray parrot, named Bongo Marie, seemed to feign distress at the possible death of an Amazon parrot named Paco. It happened one day when Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner. As Blanchard lifted her knife, the African gray threw back its head and said, "Oh, no! Paco!" Trying not to laugh, Blanchard said, "That's not Paco," and showed Bongo Ma rie that the Amazon was alive and well. Mimicking a disappointed tone, Bongo Marie said, "Oh, no," and launched into a hoarse laugh. Was the parrot joking when it seemed to believe the other bird was a goner? Did Bongo Marie comprehend Blanchard's response? Studies of African grays have shown that they can understand the meaning of words—for example, that red refers to a color, not just a particular red object. Parrots also enjoy getting a reaction out of humans, and so, whether or not Bongo Marie's crocodile tears were intentional, the episode was thoroughly satisfy ing from the parrot's point of view.

单选题Passage 4 When men get stick，they act like babies ，say women . But maybe the fairer sex should learn something useful from these guys ——it could save their lives， say researchers at the University of Michigan. When women have a heart attack ,they're more likely to put off seeking help the men ,and after an attack,they're less likely to take steps to improve their health . What's the reason for the different responses? The results of a survey suggest that women are too tough; they think heart problem are simply not a big deal . When Steven Erickson and his colleagues asked 348 men and 142 women who had been admitted to the hospital for a heart attack about their symptoms and medication (用药情况)，they found that even though the women had more symptoms and were taking more medicine they rated their disease as being no more severe than the men did . For more on women and heart disease ,go to www. americanheart. org.

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单选题______ the workers insisted on was that they ______ more pay.A. That; must be givenB. What; should giveC. Whether; would be givenD. What; be given

单选题What do the writer think about his or her children?

单选题W: You look like you are freezing to death. Why don"t you put this on? M: Thank you. It was so warm at noon, I didn"t expect the weather to change so quickly. Question: What do we learn from the conversation?

单选题The government's strong action showed its ______ to crush the rebellion. A. energy B. brief C. determination D. encourage

单选题In Second Nature, Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist Gerald Edelman argues that the brain and mind are unified, but he has little patience with the claim that the brain is a computer. Fortunately for the general reader, his explanations of brain function are accessible, reinforced by concrete examples and metaphors. Edelman suggests that thanks to the recent development of instruments capable of measuring brain structure within millimeters and brain activity within milliseconds, perceptions, thoughts, memories, willed acts, and other mind matters traditionally considered private and impenetrable to scientific scrutiny now can be correlated with brain activity. Our consciousness (a "first-person affair" displaying intentionality, reflecting beliefs and desires, etc.), our creativity. The author describes three unifying insights that correlate mind matters with brain activity. First, even distant neurons will establish meaningful connections (circuits) if their patterns are synchronized. Second, experience can either strengthen or weaken synapses (neuronal connections). Finally, there is reentry, the continued signaling from one brain region to another and back again along massively parallel nerve fibers. Edelman concedes that neurological explanations for consciousness and other aspects of mind are not currently available, but he is confident that they will be soon. Meanwhile, he is comfortable hazarding a guess: "All of our mental life ... is based on the structure and dynamics of our brain," Despite this optimism about the explanatory powers of neuroscience, Edelman acknowledges the pitfalls in attempting to explain all aspects of the mind in neurological terms. Indeed, culture—not biology—is the primary determinant of the brain's evolution, and has been since the emergence of language, he notes. However, I was surprised to learn that he considers Sigmund Freud "the key expositor of the effects of unconscious processes on behavior. " Such a comment ignores how slightly Freud's conception of the unconscious, with its emphasis on sexuality and aggression, resembles the cognitive unconscious studied by neuroscientists. Still, Second Nature is well worth reading. It serves as a bridge between the traditionally separate camps of "hard" science and the humanities. Readers without at least some familiarity with brain science will likely find the going difficult at certain points. Nonetheless, Edelman has achieved his goal of producing a provocative exploration of "how we come to know the world and ourselves. /

单选题Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy. He knew, because he' d done it hundreds of times himself. Giving up for ever is a trifle more difficult, apparently, and it is well known that it is much more difficult for some people than for others. Why is this so? Few doctors believe any longer that it is simply a question of will power. And for those people that continue to view addicts as merely "weak", recent genetic research may force a rethink. A study conducted by Jacqueline Vink, of the Free University of Amsterdam, used a database called the Netherlands Twin Register to analyze the smoking habits of twins. Her results, published in the Pharmacogenomics Journal, suggest that an individual's degree of nicotine dependence, and even the number of cigarettes he smokes per day, are strongly genetically influenced. The Netherlands Twin Register is a voluntary database that contains details of some 7,000 pairs of adult twins (aged between 15 and 70) and 28,000 pairs of childhood twins. Such databases are prized by geneticists because they allow the comparison of identical twins (who share all their genes) with fraternal twins (who share half). In this case, however, Dr. Vink did not make use of that fact. For her, the database was merely a convenient repository of information. Instead of comparing identical and fraternal twins, she concentrated on the adult fraternal twins, most of whom had completed questionnaires about their habits, including smoking, and 536 of whom had given DNA samples to the register. The human genome is huge. It consists of billions of DNA "letters", some of which can be strung together to make sense (the genes) but many of which have either no function, or an unknown function. To follow what is going on, geneticists rely on markers they have identified within the genome. These are places where the genetic letters may vary between individuals. If a particular variant is routinely associated with a particular physical feature or a behavior pattern, it suggests that a particular version of a nearby gene is influencing that feature or behavior. Dr. Vink found four markers which seemed to be associated with smoking. They were on chromosomes 3, 0, 10 and 14, suggesting that at least four genes are involved. Dr. Vink hopes that finding genes responsible for nicotine dependence will make it possible to identify the causes of such dependence. That will help to classify smokers better (some are social smokers while others are physically addicted) and thus enable "quitting" programs to be customized. Results such as Dr. Vink's must be interpreted with care. Association studies, as such projects are known, have a disturbing habit of disappearing, as it were, in a puff of smoke when someone tries to replicate them. But if Dr. Vink really has exposed a genetic link with addiction, then Mark Twain's problem may eventually become a thing of the past.

单选题The plays of Eugene O'Neill, characterized by their Uunsettling/U questions and tumultuous struggles with fate, transformed the American theater.

单选题In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life—and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.

单选题Halley made his discovery ______.

单选题To the people of ancient Egypt, life on earth was short. Life after death, however, was e-ternal. Therefore they built tombs of stone and they took their possessions with them into another world. The more important the people, the greater the tomb. The Pharaohs were the rulers of the country and when they died they became gods. Many of their tombs remain, and some have become a wonder of the world. These are the pyramids. The purpose of these stone mountains was to protect the burial chamber from the weather and from thieves who might try to steal the gold, jewels and precious possessions placed there to accompany the dead ruler into eternal life. Their shape, with four triangular sides spreading from a single point, represented the rays of the sun. Their position on the west bank of the River Nile was where the sun set every day and where they believed it began its journey into the other world. All the burial grounds in ancient Egypt were on the west bank of the river.

单选题[Focus on the type of word formation] A. burgle B. fridge C. auto D. math

单选题As he closed his service station at 1:20 one Sunday morning, Tony Payseur set on the ground a metal cash box containing $7,000. At home a short while later, he reached in the back of his car for the box. It was missing. Realizing that he must have left it outside the station, Payseur speeded back. The box was gone. Sunday morning, although he felt ill, Payseur went to work with his two sons. Then, in the middle of the afternoon, a man named Wayne came and told his story. Passing the station minutes after Payseur left the previous night, Brazzell had spotted the metal box. Thinking it was a tool-box someone had left accidentally; he stopped and picked it up. About 3 p.m. Sunday, Brazzell opened the box. Finding it filled with cash, he rushed to the station. "I couldn"t believe someone would be so honest," Payseur said it when he got back his box.

单选题I saw him stop off the pavement, ______ the road ,and disappear into the post officeA. crossedB. crossingC. crossD. to cross

单选题Even though he knew that his mother had been ill, he did not have the propriety to write her.

单选题Look, ______ . A．there goes he B．there he go C．there he goes D．he goes there