单选题His ______ directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.(2007年中国矿业大学考博试题)

单选题Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech"s seven types of meaning?(大连外国语学院2008研)

单选题Some people worry about my collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked is【C1】______I became an animal collector. The answer is that I have always been【C2】______in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first【C3】______I was able to say was not the normal "mamma" or "daddy", but the word "zoo", which I would【C4】______many times until someone took me to the【C5】______. 【C6】______I grew a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a【C7】______number of pets, ranging from snakes to seahorses, and I【C8】______all my spare time【C9】______the countryside in search of fresh specimens to add to my collection of【C10】______. Later on I【C11】______for a year in the City Zoo, as a student attendant, to get experience of the large【C12】______, such as lions, bears, tigers and elephants, which were not easy to keep at home. When I left, I【C13】______had enough money of my own to be able to pay my first trip and I have been going regularly ever since then. Though a collector' s job is not an【C14】______one and is full of sorrow, it is certainly a job which will【C15】______all those who love animals.

单选题The deadly plague of 1348-1349, commonly called the black death , added to the horrors of the Hundred Years" War. It originated in Italy and soon spread to France, Germany and England. Those who were stricken with it usually died in two or three days. A careful estimate shows that in England one half of the population died of this disease. Up to this time the majority of those who cultivated the land in England had been serfs (农奴) and tenant-peasants. The tenants belonged to some particular manor, paid stated dues to and performed definite services for their lords. The serfs lived an even worse life. They had to work on the nobles" lands for more than half of the year. They had to pay countless dues. They had to give a certain portion of anything they got to their lords. The feudal nobles" extravagant life was based on the hard labour and suffering of the tenants and serfs. The effect of the black death soon made itself felt. Unattached labourers began to demand higher wages. When not satisfied, they repeatedly deserted one employer after another until their demand was fulfilled. The serfs also demanded reform and improvement of their conditions. To seek a better chance or life, serfs began to run away from their masters in increasing numbers, for they could easily get employment once they had got away. Labour was needed everywhere.

单选题1 The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actu ally reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happi ness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commit ment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vaca tion. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising chil dren. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activi ties that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money, buying that new ear or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy. we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

单选题______ of the two boys can swim across the river. A. The oldest B. An older C. The strongest D. The older

单选题Desk Clerk: Good afternoon, Holiday Inn.Customer: Hello, I'd like to book a double room for the nights of 23rd and 24th please.Desk Clerk:______A. What's the matter?B. What can I do for you ?C. Just a minute, please.D. Can I help you?

单选题{{B}}PartB{{/B}}Thepassagebelowsummarizesthemainpointsofthepassage.Readthesummaryandthenselectthebestwordorphrasefromtheboxblowaccordingtothepassage.Youshoulddecideonthebest'choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Thinkaboutwhatwouldmakeyoureally,reallyhappy.Moremoney?Wrong.Smiling,well-adjustedkids?Wrongagain.Thefactisweareterribleatpredictingthesourceofjoy.Andwhateverchoiceswedomake,welikelylaterdecideitwasallforthebest.Theseareinsightsfromhappinesseconomics,perhapsthehottestfieldinwhatusedtobecalledthedismalscience.Happinessiseverywhere--onthebest-sellerlists,inthemindsofpolicymakers,andfrontandcenterforeconomists--yetitremainselusive.Thegoldenroleofeconomicshasalwaysbeenthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.That'swhynationsandpeoplealikestriveforhigherincomes-moneygivesuschoiceandameasureoffreedom.Afteracertainincomecan,wesimplydon'tgetanyhappier.Anditisn'twhatwehave,butwhetherwehavemorethanourneighbor,thatreallymatters.Sothenewslastweekthatin2006tophedge-fundmanagerstookhome$240million,minimum,probablydidn'tmakethemanyhappier,itjustmadetherestofuslessso.Nowpolicymakersareracingtofigureoutwhatmakespeoplehappy,andjusthowtheyshoulddeliverit.CountriesasdiverseasBhutan,Australia,China,ThailandandtheU.ICarecomingupwith"happinessindexer,"tobeusedalongsideGDPasaguidetosociety'sprogress.InBritain,the"politicsofhappiness"willlikelyfigureprominentlyinnextyear'selections.Nevermindthattheworld'stophappinessresearchersrecentlygatheredataconferenceinRometodebatewhetherjoyisevenmeasurable.Whyisthisallhappeningnow?onlyinthelastdecadehaveeconomists,psychologists,biologistsandphilosophersbeguncross-pollinatinginsuchawaytoarriveat"happinessstudies".HarvardpsychologistDanielGilberthumorouslysumsupmuchofthenewwisdominhisbook"StumblingonHappiness".Hesays24-hourtelevisionandtheInternethaveallowedusalltoseemoreseeminglyhappypeoplethaneverbefore."We'resurroundedbythelifestylesoftherichandfamous,"saysGilbert,"rubbingournosesinthefactthatothershavemore."ofcourse,theideathatmoneyisn'ttherealkeytohappinessisn'tnew.The18th-centryBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamarguedthatpublicpolicyshouldtryto.maximizehappiness,andmanyprominenteconomistsagreedbutcouldnotquiteembracetheidea.Therewasjustnowaytomeasurehappinessobjectively.oneoftheearlyrevelationsofhappinessresearch,fromRichardEasterlinattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,wasthatwhilethericharetypicallyhappierthanthepoor,thehappinessboostfromextracashisn'tthatgreatonceonerisesabovethepovertyline.Thereason,saysEasterlin,isthe"hedoniccycle":wegetusedtobeingricherdamquick,andtakeitforgrantedorcompareittowhatothershave,notwhatweusedtohave.Tumsout,keepingupwiththeJonesesishard-wiredintoourbrains,thankstoourpack-creatureroots.Thoughmanyhappinessresearcherssay"workless,playmore"istheformulaforhappiness,RuutVeenhoven,aprofessoratErasmusUniversityinRotterdam,suggestsotherwise.Hard-workingAmericansranks17thonhislist;thehard-vacationingFrench39th.HumanbeingsdowantaEuropean-stylesafetynet,butalsowantfreedomandopportunity.Andperhapsourintuitionsabouthappinessshouldtriumphoverthefuzzydata,anyway.Theeconomicsofhappinesshasgivenusacoupleoffairlyhardandfastrolesaboutwell-being-beingtrulypoorisbad,andtimewithfriendsandfamilyaregood.Thegoodnewsisthatwhateverchoiceswemakeindividuallyandassocietiesinthepursuitofhappinessthere'sgoodchancethatthey'llseembetterinhindsight.Yetanothertruismofhappinessisthat"weallwearrose-coloredglasseswhenitcomestoourpastdecision-making,"saysGilbert.Today'sdreadfullifechoicewilllikelybetomorrow'shappyaccident.Wearepooratprevisionoftheoriginofhapiness,andwewouldprobablybelievethedecisionwemadeisthemostsatisfactory.TheHappinesshasbecome{{U}}16{{/U}}everywherebuttoughtodefine.Nationsandpeoplemanagetogainhigherincomesbasedontheprincipleofeconomicsthat{{U}}17{{/U}}arerelatedtohapiness,butthatisnot{{U}}18{{/U}}.Wealthaloneisn'tnecessarilywhatmakesushappy.Itmakesdifferentifwepossessmorethan{{U}}19{{/U}},andthat'swhywefeelunhappytofindthosetop{{U}}20{{/U}}havesuperlativeincome.Somenationsarebeginningtoconsiderissueslikemeasuringsociety'sprogressby{{U}}21{{/U}}aswellasGDP,andresearchersheldseminartoexchangesurveysaboutthe{{U}}22{{/U}},thoughtheinfluentialtopicwasadvanced10yearsago.Theissuethatastatepolicyshouldbe{{U}}23{{/U}}thehappinessofthemajority,eruptedmanydecadesagobyBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamandacceptedbymanyeminenteconomists,couldnotfairly{{U}}24{{/U}},becausehappinesscannotbeobjectivelymeasured.The{{U}}25{{/U}}ofthehappinessmadebyRichardEasterlinisthatthewealthmakespeoplehappier,buttheirhappinesswillnot{{U}}26{{/U}}asgreatasitshouldbeiftheyliveabovethe{{U}}27{{/U}}.Thecaneasilytakethelifeforgrantedand{{U}}28{{/U}}themoreexpansivewayoflife.Theyare{{U}}29{{/U}}tocomparethelifewithothersandmanagetokeepupwiththeJoneses.RuutVeenhoven,aprofessoratErasmusUniversityinRotterdam,doesnotsupportthe{{U}}30{{/U}}"workless,playmore".Accordingtohisinvestigationofhappinesslist,peoplewantaEuropen-style{{U}}31{{/U}}andwanttoenjoyfreedomandopportunityaswell.Weshouldprobablygobeyondtheconfusinginformationand{{U}}32{{/U}}thefairlyprinciplesofthehappiness:povertyis{{U}}33{{/U}},stayingwithfriendsandfamilyis{{U}}34{{/U}},andthedecisionsmade{{U}}35{{/U}}arebychancetobehappyexperience.

单选题The assistant and graduate student ______ check the exercise books. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help

单选题She's still ______ to her new duties, but she will soon learn.

单选题Speaker A: Hello, many happy returns!Speaker B: ______

单选题The loudest outcry (呐喊) about poverty seemed to come in the wealthiest country—by far—in the world. According to most calculations, through most of the 1945—1970 period the United States had a standard of living well above Europe's and many times above the world average. Yet protests about grinding poverty, hunger, and dreadful need proceed more from the United States than from countries with one-fortieth of their living standard. (An annual per capita income of eight dollars is typical of much of Africa and Asia and not a little of South America. ) It would seem strange to these people (were they only aware of the fact) that American radicals demand a retreat from an American commitment to the far corners of the globe so that the money thus saved can be spent raising the standard of living of underprivileged Americans. What this last point suggests is not so much that human wants are never to be satisfied though this is doubtlessly true, and the American living in suburb deprived of his second car and his color TV suffers just as acutely as an African farmer in need of a second cow and a screen door. Rather, it suggests the extent of contemporary breach (违反) of social norm (标准) —the emancipation (解放) of the individual self. People have learned that their wants are sacred and rights ought to be satisfied. They have learned to consider any obstacle to personal fulfillment and intolerable insult. They have greatly expanded the circle of self-awareness. They no longer accept sharp limitations on individual desires in the name of the group. The amount of potential human discontent has always been infinite—misery, failure, misfitting, bitterness, hatred, envy beyond telling. It has usually failed of utterance, and in the past it was accepted passively as being beyond help.

单选题Many of the fads of the 1970s______as today's latest fashions.(中国人民大学2008年试题)

单选题Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech Or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing, The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like, Care , John Mc Whorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter"s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing", has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle: Why We Should, Like, Care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including nonstandard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English on "paper plates instead of china". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.

单选题Since its inception, Pakistan has strived desperately to ______ India, cultivating ties with any state willing to help it. A. counteract B. counterfeited C. counterchange D. counterbalance

单选题"The answer is closer to 'yes'" (Line 1, Paragraph 3) because

单选题He received the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' 1983 Crafoord Prize, established to honor fields not ______ for the Nobel Prize. A. advisable B. noticeable C. eligible D. favorable

单选题Wilson: Hello, May I speak to Peter? Peter: ______

单选题When he came back after graduation, he found his hometown completely ______.