问答题On December 11, 2001, after 15 years of negotiations, the world's most populous country finally joined the world's most important trade body. Yet China's accession to the WTO, although hailed by some as signaling "a seismic shift in global marketing", should nudge perceptive observers to look beyond the rhetoric and focus on the actions that will be needed to prosper in China's complex market. Those who fail to do so will likely experience more pain than profit. Far from being a signal that foreign companies can sweep into China and establish market dominance, WTO accession marks the first milestone in what promises to be a long and potentially grueling contest between foreign and local brands. (1) Foreign products were perceived to be inherently more desirable than local ones, even if they were less affordable. But a growing brand savvy among Chinese enterprises is rapidly eroding this perception, making it harder for foreign companies to establish and maintain leadership in China. (2) Foreign companies will also have to adjust to the realities of being guests in a country undergoing profound social and economic stress. For the first time, Chinese enterprises will face fun-blown international competition and closer regulatory scrutiny from entities located outside their own borders. (3) The huge tasks of restructuring state-owned enterprises and getting rid of the social welfare system of the past half century are certain to make the next 5 to 10 years difficult for many Chinese, no matter how smoothly the government manages the transition. China represents a potential goldmine for the ambitious marketer. (4) In addition to having a large and growing number of middle-class consumers, it has shown a singular genius for weathering the financial and economic storms that have attacked other countries in Asia and throughout the industrialized world. Many foreign companies are thriving here. Starbucks, Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonald's dot the maps of China's major cities, while technology companies such as IBM, Nokia, and Motorola are among the most successful brands in their categories. The growth extends into the financial and professional services sectors as well. (5) Yet foreign brands face a serous challenge in China, and for those who care to read them, the warning signs are already visible: strong local brands, Chinese nationalism, and the readiness of local firms to compete according to the new rules of the game.

问答题Memorandum of Understanding

问答题我们要加快调整经济结构，推动信息化和工业化深度融合，改造提升制造业，培育发展U战略性新兴产业/U。

问答题the "Mathew Effect"

问答题Paradigmatic relations (北交大2005研；中山大学2006研)

问答题{{U}}It was not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10{{/U}}th {{U}}and 11{{/U}}th{{U}} centuries.{{/U}} As a wife the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry(陪嫁). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of being discarded, but in reality, its function is that social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife's right to receive a tenth of all her husband's property. The wife had the fight to withhold consent in all transactions the husband would make. (2) {{U}}And more than just a fight: the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband.{{/U}} In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife. (3) {{U}}The wife shared in the management of her husband's personal property, but the opposition was not always true.{{/U}} (4) {{U}}Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own interests against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit.{{/U}} A case in point is that of Marls Vivas, a Catalan woman of Barcelona. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro's personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, "for the sake of peace". (5) {{U}}Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, within the extent of the family, a powerful economic position.{{/U}}

问答题Explain one of the teaching approaches that you"re familiar with and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. (浙江大学2004研)

问答题How do you understand the distinction between langue and parole introduced by Saussure?

问答题1. Some people think that college ranking is necessary; 2. Others argue that it is unnecessary; 3. You own comments.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 71. {{U}}Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in common. They differ infinitely, but still they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will with death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of creation of life--as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life{{/U}}. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of life, each risks it-- and in the risk commits himself. 72. {{U}}As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive. It is love of death instead of life{{/U}}. 73. {{U}}In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is--again literally--to triumph over death. It is a surgeon's triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body{{/U}}. In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.

问答题A huge proportion of the Iranian budget is spent on subsidizing a wide range of goods for Iranian consumers from food to refined petroleum. President Ahmadinejad has been proposing a big cut in that subsidy. His argument is that it should be replaced with cash handouts to the most needy. But the Iranian parliament is worried that Mr Ahmadinejad"s proposal could increase inflation to an annual figure of up to 50%. So members of parliament have halved the proposed cuts. There"s concern that a dramatic rise in prices could provoke a new round of unrest and perhaps lead the poorer classes to give more active support to the opposition. There"re also suspicions that the real motive for the subsidy cut is to make up for a budget shortfall. Clear figures are hard to get hold of, but it seems that Mr Ahmadinejad"s government failed to build up any substantial cash reserves when oil prices were at record levels. For years Iranians have been suffering multiple economic problems including inflation at or above 20%. Blame is placed either on Mr Ahmadinejad"s eccentric management of Iran"s finances or on international sanctions or a combination of both. With new sanctions actively under discussion, the situation is not about to get any easier. 注释： (1)subsidize v. 资助，给……补贴subsidy n. 补贴 (2)refined petroleum精炼石油 (3)Ahmadinejad(伊朗总统)内贾德 (4)provoke v. 致使，引起 (5)suspicion n. 怀疑suspect v. 怀疑 (6)shortfall n. 赤字deficit的委婉说法，译为短缺，不足额 (7)substantial a. 实质的，大量的substance n. 物质 (8)multiple a. 复合的，多样的 (9)eccentric a. 怪癖的，古怪的 (10)sanction n. 经济制裁

问答题Directions: For this part, you"re required to write a letter with at least 120 words based on the following information. 假设你是李华，从电视上看到H7N9流感仍然在上海流行，并有少部分人因此而丧生，你为你正在上海上学的笔友Anderson的健康与安全担心。请你给他写一封信询问他的情况，并给他提出防护建议。 要点：1．询问(他的健康状况；人们对流行疾病的反应：是否感到恐惧等) 2．建议(至少三点)

问答题I was so interested in the story I was reading that I did not notice that it was getting dark. (Passage 3)

问答题B2B

问答题Frederic Henry(from: A Farewell to Arms)

问答题Choose one of the following authors and make a comment on any one of his/her literary works. (20 points)George Bernard Shaw Ralph Waldo Emerson Ezra Pound Doris Lessing