单选题Terrorism proves to be a more serious problem than anticipated, and it challenges both policymakers burdened with the design of countermeasures and social scientists who are called upon to explain it. Terrorism's unique nature is revealed by two phenomena. First, public perception of threat and danger seems to be disproportionate to terrorists' actual capabilities. Second, terrorism, more than any other form of warfare, has an impact on a target group immensely larger than that of the immediate victims and often on populations beyond that terrorism bears primarily on individuals' perceptions, on the "public mind"; in other words, it is a form of psychological warfare. The psychological impacts of political terrorism are potentially manifest in individuals' emotional and attitudinal responses. In the realm of emotions, the fear and concern for personal safety, which terror tactics might give rise to, is a revealing indicator of their effectiveness. One could argue, of course, that terrorists' ability to sow widespread fear hardly needs proof as it is obvious that violence and particularly the terrorists' hallmark, randomly targeted violence, are anxiety inducing. It should be noted, however, that terrorism has claimed relatively few casualties to date, and that in most countries the actual probability of incurring harm from terroristic activity is only a fraction of, say, the risk of death or injury in vehicle accidents or common crimes. Hence, the power of terrorism to intimidate should not be taken for granted. Intimidation and the induction of fear are not the ends of terrorists' activity but rather means to effect political change. Their violence is predicated on two assumptions: (a) Violent action can force the causes pursued by terrorists into the forefront of an indifferent public's awareness; (b) faced with the choice between continuing violence and acceptance of the terrorists' demands, the public might opt for the latter. Thus, the attitudes that the targets of political terrorism develop toward its perpetrators, their objectives, and the actions that ought to be undertaken vis-à-vis them constitute telling measures of the effectiveness of terrorism. The present investigation sought to assess the psychological reactions of a public which has been exposed for a considerable length of time to the threats and actions of terrorist. Regarding emotional impacts, the data suggest that terrorism's ability to intimidate, to induce worry and concern, disproportionally exceeds the actual damage it causes. According to the data gathered, the actual probability of being victimized by terrorist activity was extremely low; estimated at less than 1/20 of the likelihood of being hurt in a road accident. Yet a large majority of the respondents expressed worry about the risk of personally incurring the consequences of terrorism. It might be uncontrollability dramatically enhance its impact. Thus, while the risk of vehicle driving might be far greater than the danger of terrorism, the car driver is usually reassured by a subjective feeling of control which the potential victim of terrorism lacks. The survey results indicate that terrorism has failed to produce the change in attitudes sought by its perpetrators. Most respondents favored, instead, the reliance on extreme counterterrorist measures. The hardening of Israelis attitudes toward terrorists and their objectives was also revealed by the respondents' unanimity of opinion. Taken together, the data concerning the emotional impact of terrorism and its effects on attitudes did not bear out the rationale which governs terroristic action. Despite the widespread concern and worry revealed by these data, there was no evidence of any willingness to politically concede to terrorists. On the contrary, and as already noted, the majority advocated the adoption of harsh measures against terrorists. Thus, at least insofar as Palestinian terrorism and the Israeli public are concerned, proves to be counterproductive. Comprehension Questions..

单选题______ tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.

单选题The police are trying to find out the ______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident. A) evidence B) recognition C) status D) identity

单选题It's conventional wisdom in the United States that the American education system is a mess. Since the rest of the world loves to criticize Uncle Sam, that view is held even more strongly elsewhere. But wait a minute. If education really is the source of economic success, as experts continually claim, American schools can't be too bad. If they were, the American economy would not be the wonder of the world, able to create good jobs at a pace that others can only envy, and with a huge advantage in many of the key technologies of the next centurey. Specially, American high schools can't be a disaster area. The proof lies in the quality of American universities. In any reasonable ranking of the best 100 universities of the world, the United States would dominate the list. College professors are not alchemists(炼金术士), they cannot turn base metal into gold. (I know; I used to be one.) If the output of American higher education is as good as it seems to be, the input must be a lot better than Americans fear. We can at least be doubtful about some common claims. For example; it's often said that the United States has a skill shortage in high technology -- and the fact that Silicon Valley recruits (征募) heavily around the world is said to be evidence of that. But without more inquiry, we can't know whether this is because American college graduates are stupid, or because that hightechnology sector has grown so fast that it cannot possibly satisfy all its demands for high-level skills from the United States.

单选题He will abide by his promise if he gives it.

单选题Whether the cause is maternal anti-bodies, heavy metals or something else, there is no question that the brains of young children with autism have unusual features. To begin with, they tend to be too big. In studies based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and basic tape-measure readings, neuroscientist Eric Courchesne at Children"s Hospital of San Diego showed that while children with autism are born with ordinary-size brains, they experience a rapid expansion by age 2—particularly in the frontal lobes. By age 4, says Courchesne, autistic children tend to have brains the size of a normal 13-year-old. More recent studies by Admiral and others have found that the amygdale, an area associated with social behavior, is also oversize, a finding Admiral believes is related to the high levels of anxiety seen in as many as 80% of people with autism. Harvard pediatric neurologist Dr. Martha Herbert reported last year that the excess white matter in autistic brains has a specific distribution: local areas tend to be overconnected, while links between more distant regions of the brain are weak. The brain"s right and left hemispheres are also poorly connected. It"s as if there are too many competing local services but no long distance. This observation jibes neatly with imagining studies that look at live brain activity in autistic people. Studies using functional MRI show a lack of coordination among brain regions, says Marcel Just, director of Carnegie Mellon"s Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging in Pittsburgh, Pa. Just has scanned dozens of 15-to 35-year-old autistic people with IQs in the normal range, giving them thinking tasks as he monitors their brain activity. "One thing you see," says Just, "is that activity in different areas is not going up and down at the same time. There"s a lack of synchronization, sort of like a difference between a jam session and a string quartet. In autism, each area does its own thing." What remains unclear is whether the interconnectivity problem is the result of autism or its cause. "It"s impossible to tell the chicken from the egg at this point," Just says. Autistic people have been shown to use their brains in unusual ways: they memorize alphabet characters in a part of the brain that ordinarily processes shapes. They tend to use the visual centers in the back of the brain for tasks usually handled by the prefrontal cortex. They often look at the mouth instead of the eyes of someone who is speaking. Their focus, says psychologist Ami Klin of Yale"s Child Study Center, is "not on the social allegiances—for example, the longing gaze of a mother—but physical allegiances—a mouth that moves."

单选题(2003) He was in a traffic jam,___made him late for school.

单选题______ is a great and glorious country.A. OurB. OursC. ItsD. Our's

单选题For Japan, with a large share of its exports destined for Europe, a deeper crisis there would ______growth.

单选题He was said _____ a gift from her, knowing that it meant a bribe.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Naturalism is the view that the "natural" universe, the universe of matter and energy, is all that there really is. By ruling out a spiritual part of the human person which might survive death and a God who might resurrect the body, naturalism also rules out survival after death. In addition, naturalism denies human freedom on the grounds that every event must be explainable by deterministic natural laws. It denies any absolute values because it can find no grounds for such values in a world made up only of matter and energy. And finally, naturalism denies that the universe has any meaning or purpose because there is no God to give it a meaning or purpose, and nothing else which can give it a meaning or purpose. Anyone who accepts the first three denials, of God, spiritual beings, and immortality, might be called a naturalist in the broad sense, and anyone who adds to these the denial of freedom, values, and purpose might be labeled a naturalist in the strict sense, or a strict naturalist. Some opponents of naturalism would argue that naturalists in the broad sense are at least somewhat inconsistent and that naturalism in the broad sense leads logically to strict naturalism. Many strict naturalists would agree with this. Those who reject naturalism in both the strict and broad sense do so for a variety of masons. They may have positive arguments for the existence of .some of what naturalists deny, or they may have what seem to be decisive refutations of some or all of the arguments for naturalism. But, in addition to particular arguments against naturalist tenets or their grounds of belief, some opponents of naturalism believe that there is a general argument which holds against any form of naturalism. These opponents hold that naturalism has a "fatal flaw" or, to put it more strongly, that naturalism is self-destroying. If naturalism is true, then human reason must be the result of natural forces. These natural forces are not, on the naturalistic view, rational themselves, nor can they be the result of a rational cause. So human reason would be the result of nonrational causes. This, it can be argued, gives us a strong reason to distrust human reach, especially in its less practical and more theoretical exercises. But the theory of naturalism is itself such an exercise of theoretical reason. If naturalism is true, we would have strong reasons to distrust theoretical reasoning. If we distrust theoretical reasoning, we distrust particular applications of it, such as the theory of naturalism. Thus, if naturalism is true, we have strong reasons to distrust naturalism.

单选题Do you know the man ______?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke

单选题You can"t choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood. Of course, most people never change their names 1 they feel unhappy about them. However, some people do 2 this course of action—particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it"s for purely 3 reasons, such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neflali Reyes. He didn"t want his father to 4 he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. 5 other times the reason may appear strange; take the case of the Portuguese poet Femando Pessoa, 6 wrote under 75 different names. The reason? "When I use a different name, I always write in a different way," he explained. In most cases, 7 , people change their names, for social, historical, political, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most 8 . The person"s real name is just 9 long and difficult to remember. Let"s be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as 10 to remember as just plain "Madonna". And short names are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.

单选题[此试题无题干]

单选题 The federal entity created by the Constitution is by far the dominant feature of the American governmental system.{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}the system itself is in reality a mosaic,{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}of thousands of smaller units--building blocks which together{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the whole. There are 50 state governments{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}the government of the District of Columbia, and further down the ladder are still smaller units,{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}counties, cities, towns and villages. This{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}of governmental units is best understood{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}the evolution of the United States. The federal system, it has been seen, was the last step in the{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}process. Prior to its creation, there were the governments of the{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}colonies (later states) and prior to{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the governments of counties and smaller units. One of the first tasks (11) by the early English settlers was the creation of governmental units for the tiny{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}they established along the Atlantic coast. Even before the Pilgrims disembarked {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}their ship in 1620, they{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}the Mayflower Compact, the first written American constitution. And as the new nation pushed{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}each frontier outpost created its own government to manage its affairs. The drafters of the U. S. Constitution left this multilayered governmental system{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. While they made the national structure supreme, they wisely{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}the need for a series of governments more directly in{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}with the people and more keenly attuned(合拍) to their needs. Thus, certain{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as defense, currency regulation and foreign relations--could only be managed by a strong centralized government. But{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as sanitation, education and local transportation--belong mainly to local jurisdictions(管辖权).

单选题The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the " how to" aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impression. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates.

单选题Over three quarters of the city______destroyed in the war.

单选题Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change (1) the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes (2) considered taboo can become perfectly (3) and natural (4) another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so (5) and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the (6) of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more (7) of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, (8) a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. (9) many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to fat. The " (10) " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their (11) as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought (12) as lazy and (13) in energy, self-discipline and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out". It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become (14) with staying slim and "in shape". The (15) of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the (16) importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modem machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do (17) hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and (18) to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found (19) , and many companies ate providing special exercise (20) for their employees to use during the work day.

单选题My eyes had become ______ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away. A. inclined B. accustomed C. vulnerable D. sensitive