单选题There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt. He got off the car and walked to the nearest house. He wanted to telephone the garage for help. The door was opened by one of his patients. "Oh, Doctor," she said, "l have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly in deed. There has been a very bad accident on the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help./

单选题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} Ben Mickle, Matt Edwards, and Kshipra Bhawalkar looked as though they had just emerged from a minor auto wreck. The members of Duke University's computer programming team had solved only one problem in the world finals of the International Collegiate Programming Contest in San Antonio on Apr. 12. The winning team, from Saratov State University in Russia, solved six puzzles over the course of the grueling five-hour contest. Afterward, Duke coach Owen Astrachan tried to cheer up his team by pointing out that they were among "the best of the best" student programmers in the world. Edwards, 20, still distraught, couldn't resist a self-deprecating dig: "We're the worst of the best of the best." Duke wasn't the only U.S. school to be skunked (因得分不够而被淘汰)at the prestigious computing contest. Of the home teams, only Massachusetts Institute of Technology ranked among the 12 highest finishers. Most top spots were seized by teams from Eastern Europe and Asia. Until the late 1990s, U. S. teams dominated these contests. But the tide has turned. Last year not one was in the top dozen. The poor showings should serve as a wake-up call for government, Industry, and educators. The output of American computer science programs is plummeting, even while that of Eastern European and Asian schools is rising. China and India, the new global tech powerhouses, are fueled by 900 000 engineering graduates of all types each year, more than triple the number of U.S. grads. Computer science is a key subset of engineering. "If our talent base weakens, our lead in technology, business ,and economics will fade faster than any of us can imagine," warns Richard Florida, a professor at George Mason University. Software programmers are the seed corn of the Information Economy, yet America isn't producing enough. The Labor Dept. forecasts that "computer/math scientist" jobs, which include programming, will increase by 40%, from 2.5 million in 2002 to 3.5 million in 2012. Colleges aren't keeping up with demand. A 2005 survey of freshmen showed that just 1.1% planned to major in computer science, down from 3.7% in 2000. For young Americans, a computing career isn't the draw even a few years ago. Never mind that experienced programmers make upwards of $100000 and that the brainiest of them are the objects of heated bidding wars. Students fear that if they become programmers they'll lose their jobs to counterparts in India and China. Analysts say those worries are overblown: Programmers with leadership and business skills will do just fine. But the message isn't getting through. Then there's the thrill factor, or lack thereof. Given the opportunity to make a mint on Wall Street or land a comfortable academic job, many math and science students are turning away from software. "I couldn't really get excited about sitting in front of a computer and just writing programs," says Duke junior Brandon Levin, who has taken computer courses but is majoring in math and plans a career in academia.

单选题David Landes, author of The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor , credits the world"s economic and social progress over the last thousand years to "Western civilization and its dissemination". The reason, he believes, is that Europeans invented systematic economic development. Landes adds that three unique aspects of culture were crucial ingredients in Europe"s economic growth. First, science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constraints of organized religion and from the political constraints of centralized authority. Though Europe lacked a political center, its scholars benefited from the use of a single vehicle of communication: Latin. This common tongue facilitated an adversarial discourse in which new ideas about the physical world could be tested, demonstrated, and then accepted across the continent and eventually across the world. Second, Landes espouses a generalized form of Max Weber"s thesis that the values of work, initiative, and investment made the difference for Europe. Despite his emphasis on science, Landes does not stress the notion of rationality as such. In his view, "what counts is work, thrift, honesty, patience, and tenacity." The only route to economic success for individuals or states is working hard, spending less than you earn, and investing the rest in productive capacity. This is his fundamental explanation of the problem posed by his book"s subtitle: "Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor". For historical reasons—an emphasis on private property, an experience of political pluralism, a temperate climate, an urban style—Europeans have, on balance, followed those practices and therefore have prospered. Third, and perhaps most important, Europeans were learners. They "learned rather greedily", as Joel Mokyr put it in a review of Landes"s book. Even if Europeans possessed indigenous technologies that gave them an advantage (spectacles, for example), as Landes believes they did, their most vital asset was the ability to assimilate knowledge from around the world and put it to use—as in borrowing the concept of zero and rediscovering Aristotle"s Logic from the Arabs and taking paper and gunpowder from the Chinese via the Muslim world. Landes argues that a systematic resistance to learning from other cultures had become the greatest handicap of the Chinese by the eighteenth century and remains the greatest handicap of Arab countries today. Although his analysis of European expansion is almost nonexistent, Landes does not argue that Europeans were beneficent bearers of civilization to a benighted world. Rather he relies on his own commonsense law: "When one group is strong enough to push another around and stands to gain by it, it will do so." In contrast to the new school of world historians, Landes believes that specific cultural values enabled technological advances that in turn made some Europeans strong enough to dominate people in other parts of the world. Europeans therefore proceeded to do so with great viciousness and cruelty. By focusing on their victimization in this process, Landes holds, some postcolonial states have wasted energy that could have been put into productive work and investment, if one could sum up Landes"s advice to these states in one sentence, it might be "Stop whining and get to work." This is particularly important, indeed hopeful, advice, he would agree, because success is not permanent. Advantages are not fixed, gains from trade are equal, and different societies react differently to market signals. Therefore, not only is there hope for undeveloped countries, but developed countries have little cause to be complacent, because the current situation "will press hard" on them. The thrust of studies like Landes"s is to identify those distinctive features of European civilization that lie behind Europe"s rise to power and the creation of modernity more generally. Other historians have placed a greater emphasis on such features as liberty, individualism, and Christianity. In a review essay, the art historian Craig Clunas listed some of the less well known linkages that have been proposed between Western culture and modernity, including the propensities to think quantitatively, enjoy pornography, and consume sugar. All such proposals assume the fundamental aptness of the question: What elements of European civilization led to European success? It is a short leap from this assumption to outfight triumphalism. The paradigmatic book of this school is, of course, The End of History and the Last Man , in which Francis Fukuyarna argues that after the collapse of Nazism in the twentieth century, the only remaining model for human organization in the industrial and communications ages is a combination of market economics and limited, pluralist, democratic government.

单选题______ she is living now is not known to anybody.A. WhetherB. WhenC. WhereD. Why

单选题In the Americans' minds, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will______stiffen and their mariner will become cool.(2011年南京师范大学考博试题)

单选题The boy spent as much time watching TV as he ______ studying. A) does B) had C) was D) did

单选题In Redwood City, police can hear gunfire within ______.

单选题I work as an office assistant in a small but growing garden equipment manufacturing company in California. A few months ago, my boss gave me the job of writing some sales letters which would be sent to the existing customers of our company. The objective was to get some of our existing customers to purchase a new product that our company had just launched. Now, I had never written sales letters before in my life and had no idea of how to writ even the first word. And even if I ended up writing a few lines, because I was so inexperience, chances were that the sales letters and business letters, would bomb completely and would hardly generate any sales for our company. So, in order to learn how to create more effective sales letter I went to the Internet and looked up a few sites which were selling samples, templates and examples of sales letters that claimed would "increase sales by 10 000% ". Because they weren't too expensive, I bought 2 such packages. Big mistake. I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! So I searched some more, and came across a site belonging to a person living in Maryland called Yanik Silver. He too was selling some templates and samples of sales letters and business letters. After having been duped with 2 such packages, I was naturally suspicious. I read through his site and found that he was offering a money back guarantee. While that made me feel a bit more comfortable, I first had to determine whether this person would be around to honor the guarantee should I want to return the package. So I sent an email to him(just to test whether he replies to customers' emails)and I got a reply from him within 4 hours. I also saw a comment in his site by one of his customers who had actually got a refund from him as soon as he had asked for the refund. Feeling more comfortable, I decided to go ahead and buy the package that he was selling. Well, I was blown away! The samples, examples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in his package were precisely the ones that I was looking for. And they were far, far better than any of the templates included in the 2 other packages I had bought. I quickly customized one of the sales letter templates to fit my needs, had it approved by my boss, and sent them over to our customers. Within 2 weeks from the time that I sent out the letter, about 36% of the customers who received the letter ended up buying our new product. You could say that my boss was impressed with what I had done! Since then, I have written quite a few sales letters for our company(simply by customizing the templates included in Yank's package)and all of them have generated excellent sales for us. So, if you want to learn how to write sales letters that get the sale, I highly recommend Yanik's package.

单选题They were all tired, but ______ of them would stop to take a rest A．any B．some C．none D．neither

单选题{{B}}D{{/B}} Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span. "I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生), "said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. "I think by 2075 we will see it and that's a conservative estimate (保守的估计)." At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology (纳米技术) make it likely that humans will bye in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years." However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death. Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. "It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said Leonard Pooh, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology. Centre. "At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all."

单选题He is quite sure that its ______ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days. A． roughly B． exclusively C． fully D． absolutely

单选题This is one of those cars that ______ in the accident. A．is damaged B．are damaged C．was damaged D．were damaged

单选题Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively " Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain"s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests_ upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major recitations, the second is far more problematic. What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly,Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important and undeniable differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences. However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness. A strong interest in polities and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models were not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.

单选题On the one hand, he was highly praised by his teachers, but blamed by some of his classmates______.

单选题It is requested that the rent for the house______in advance.

单选题The traffic lights were red when the driver reached them. To the surprise of his passenger, the car did not slow down. Unexpectedly the passenger was thrown forward in the vehicle as the driver put on his brakes at the last moment. The car stopped just in time. "Sorry, I didn’t notice the light. I thought it was green until I saw that it was the top light which was shining." This strange story is quite tree. About ten men in every hundred are color blind in some way, women are luckier — only about one in two hundred suffers from color blindness. In some cases, a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all the same as green. People often like one color more than others. Blue is the color of the sky and sea. Careen makes us think of fields and trees. Red is the color of blood and makes some people think of danger. Black is the color of night. In the dark we cannot see what is around us so we are sometimes afraid of the unknown and do not like black as a color.

单选题The drugstore was originally A what the name implies, a store B which drugs and medicines C prescribed by your doctor were dispensed by D the neighborhood druggist.

单选题He has such a fierce dog______no one dares to go near his house. A. as B. which C. that D. while

单选题A lot of people are their own enemies. They regard themselves as unlikely to succeed in college and often feel that there have been no accomplishments in their lives. In my first year of college especially, I saw people get themselves down all too quickly. There were two students in my class who failed the first test and seemed to give up immediately. From that day on, they walked into the classroom carrying defeat on their shoulders the way other students carried textbooks under their arms. Both students hang on until about mid-term. When they disappeared for good, no one took much notice, for they had already disappeared in spirit after that first test. They are not the only people in whom I have seen the self-doubt do its work. I have really wanted to shake them by the shoulders and say, "You are not dead. Be proud and pleased that you have brought yourself here to college. Be someone. Breathe. Hope. Act. "Such people should not use self-doubts as an excuse for not trying. They should pull themselves together and get to work. They should start taking notes in class and trying to learn. Above all, they should not give up without even trying.