单选题Giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers may create a division among psychologists whereby some will be able to prescribe and others will not. As a result, major discord could emerge. It is possible that psychologists with the fight to prescribe may consider themselves superior to those without the right. If gaining prescription privileges would lead to broader third party payments or full hospital privileges for those qualified to prescribe, psychologists unable to do so may feel that they have been accorded second class status in their profession. The debate, thus far, has focused on the training necessary to grant psychologists prescription privileges. Although this matter is important, of more basic concern are treatment implications and the future role of psychologists. Prescription privileges could move psychologists closer to a medical model and further away from their historical goal. Psychology began in the late 19th century as an application for psychological techniques. Its focus has been on assessment, behavioral interventions, Consuhation, and applied research. Before the widespread use of psychotropic medications, psychiatry emphasized the practice of psychotherapy. Gradually, psychiatry moved toward increased reliance on drugs and away from psychotherapy. It is possible, over time, that psychologists, like psychiatrists, could become more influenced by the use of medication. Despite the argument that prescription privileges significantly may alter traditional psychotherapeutic implications, some psychologists strongly feel that they would be looked upon more favorably, gain prestige, and increase their caseload if they could have the same status of prescribing medication as psychiatrists do. Does this mean that a lack of prescription privileges promotes the image of psychology as an inferior profession to psychiatry? Contrary to this argument is the fact that psychologists are delivering more outpatient mental health care than any other group of providers. Whatever some psychologists may perceive as a therapeutic drawback because they are unable to offer prescriptions for psychotropic medications apparently is not recognized by the general public. Psychologists may have flourished because they have offered a clear and distinct service from psychiatry. The use of medication may send a message to patients that may interfere with personal change and growth. Medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by implying that benefits come from external agents, not from one's own efforts at change and growth. A large portion of the population prefers the non-medication orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non-medical therapists. There is little question that psychologists' prescription privileges could have profound effects on the future direction of their profession.

单选题When we eat may be just as important as what we eat. A new study shows that mice that eat when they should be sleeping gain more weight than mice that eat at normal hours. Another study sheds light on why we pack on the pounds in the first place. Whether these studies translate into therapies that help humans beat obesity remains to be seen, but they give scientists clues about the myriad factors that they must take into account. Observations of overnight workers have shown that eating at night disrupts metabolism and the hormones that signal we"re sated. But no one had done controlled studies on this connection until now. Biologist Fred Turek of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and graduate student Deanna Arble examined the link between a high-fat diet and what time of day mice eat. A control group of six nocturnal mice ate their pellets (60% fat by calories, mostly lard) during the night. Another group of six ate the same meal during the day, Turek says, which disrupts their circadian rhythm—the body"s normal 24-hour cycle. After 6 weeks, the off-schedule mice weighed almost 20% more than the controls, Turek and Arble report today in Obesity, supporting the idea that consuming calories when you should be sleeping is harmful. Turek and Arble acknowledge that the disrupted mice ate a tad more and were a tad more sluggish, but the differences could not account for all of the weight gain. In the second study, a different team of researchers investigated the link between weight and the immune system. Hundreds of genes seem to affect the accumulation of fat, but one that helps protect us from infection might help us lose weight with little effort, biochemist Alan Saltiel of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and colleagues suggest today in Cell. The researchers tested me weight-adding abilities of a protein called IKK ∈ , which is linked with obesity, diabetes, and chronic, low-level inflammation. For 3 months, the team fed six mice missing IKK ∈ genes a diet of high-fat chow. Because IKKE"s main job is immune defense, Saltiel"s team didn"t expect to find weight differences between knockout mice and controls. But the knockout mice did gain significantly less. Best of all, the girth the animals did add was less harmful to their overall health. "The knockout mice don"t gain as much weight but also don"t get diabetes, don"t get insulin resistance, and don"t get accumulation of lipids on the liver," Saltiel says, all of which contribute to the suite of health problems associated with being overweight. Saltiel calls IKK e " an especially appealing drug target for the treatment of metabolic disease. " Tom Maniatis, a molecular biologist at Harvard University praises the study but remains skeptical about any drug that would inhibit IKK ∈ . He helped develop the mice used in the experiment and notes that they are vulnerable to the flu. He suspects that suppressing IKK ∈ may help people with diabetes or obesity, "but the first time the swine flu comes along, that"s it. Researchers are also enthusiastic about the circadian rhythm paper Frank Scheet, a neuroscientist at Harvard who studies sleep, was struck that " you could see something happening [ to the disrupted mice] in the first week already. That"s consistent with human studies where we found changes in just 3 days. " Together, the papers suggest that there"s no simple answer to why people gain weight. Says Turek, "It"s clearly not just calories in versus calories out. "

单选题John occasionally ______ a great deal of pleasure from taking long trips by himself. A. deviated B. aroused C. absorbed D. derived

单选题The language school started a new ______ to help young learners with reading and writing.

单选题(After) his (graduation) (from) the university, he has (worked) in a famous computer company. A. After B. graduation C. from D. worked

单选题______ your clothes at once. A．Dress B．Have C．Put on D．In

单选题How does direct carving differ from the nineteenth - century tradition of sculpture?

单选题Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project"s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth. As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone"s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. Yet the debate about how to save Europe"s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone"s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise. Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country"s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A "southern" camp headed by French wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world"s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.

单选题Speaker A: Are you Ms. Kelsey, the office manager? Speaker B: ______ A. Yes, I am. What can I do for you? B. Oh, yes. What's your name please? C. Yes. It's nice to have you here with us. D. Oh, yes. But I'm very busy now.

单选题Is there anying else______you want to get ready for the party this evening?

单选题A: The wind will probably get up later. B: ______

单选题I expect I shall go and see her ______, but no regularly. A. actually B. sincerely C. merely D. occasionally

单选题In his usual ______ manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss. A. indifferent B. pensive C. cautious D. caustic

单选题Staying in a hotel costs ______ renting a room in a dormitory for a week． A．twice than B．twice as much as C．as much twice as D．as much twice

单选题The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions and in humans this organization is very marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great intercon-nectivity. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sense smell— more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence—awareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence. The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, and is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of the cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizontal lines do not develop neuron structures that respond to vertical orientations, showing that these structures are developed due to environmental input and not purely from genetic pre-determination. This is called self-organization of the visual cortex since there is no external teacher to guide the development of these structures.

单选题The latest strategies employed by BBC1 have helped attract a large number of audience to its ______time TV show.

单选题The manager stubbornly ______ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing business of the company. A. hindered B. adapted C. imposed D. permitted

单选题Woman: Do you mind if I take a couple of hours off this afternoon? Man: OK, but for what? Question: What is the woman asking for?

单选题When I was 16 years old, I made my first visit to the United States. It wasn"t the first time I had been 1 . Like most English children I learned French at school and I had often 2 to France, so I was used 3 a foreign language to people who did not understand 4 . But when I went to America I was really looking forward to 5 a nice and easy holiday without any 6 problems. How wrong I was! The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a 7 telephone to give my American friend Danny a 8 and tell her I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me 9 lost and asked 10 he could help me. "Yes," I said, "I want to give my friend a ring." "Well, that"s 11 ." he exclaimed. "Are you getting 12 ? But aren"t you a bit 13 ?" "Who is talking about marriage?" I replied. "I 14 want to give a ring to tell her I"ve arrived. Can you tell me where there"s a phone box?" "Oh!" he said. "There"s a phone downstairs." When at last we 15 meet up, Danny 16 the misunderstandings to me. "Don"t worry," she said to me, "I had so many 17 at first. There are lots of words which the Americans 18 differently in meaning from 19 . You"ll soon get used to 20 things they say. Most of the time British and American people understand each other!"