单选题{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more as of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent changes. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

单选题The more we look at the painted picture hung on the wall, ______. A) we like it less B) the less we like it C) less we like it D) we less like it

单选题{{B}}Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I.{{/B}} Most of you graduating today will be employees all your working life, working for somebody else and for a paycheck. And so will most, {{U}}(21) {{/U}}not all, of the thousands of other young Americans graduating this year in all the other schools and colleges across the country. {{U}} (22) {{/U}}has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one{{U}} (23) {{/U}}every five Americans all work was employed, i.e. , worked for somebody else. Today only 20% of Americans are not employed but working for themselves. And{{U}} (24) {{/U}}fifty years ago "being employed" meant{{U}} (25) {{/U}}as a factory laborer or as a farm hand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a{{U}} (26) {{/U}}formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring{{U}} (27) {{/U}}and technical skills. {{U}}(28) {{/U}}, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: the middle and upper classes have become employees; and middle-class and{{U}} (29) {{/U}}employees have been the fastest growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that{{U}} (30) {{/U}}child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance{{U}} (31) {{/U}}the expansion of industrial production. This is one of the most profound social changes any country{{U}} (32) {{/U}}. It is, however, a perhaps{{U}} (33) {{/U}}greater change for the individual young man{{U}} (34) {{/U}}to start. Whatever he does, in all{{U}} (35) {{/U}}, he will do it as an employee; wherever he aims, he Will have to try to reach it{{U}} (36) {{/U}}being an employee. As an employee you work with and through other people. This means that your success as an employee will{{U}} (37) {{/U}}on your ability to communicate with people and to present your own thoughts and ideas to them{{U}} (38) {{/U}}they will both understand what you are driving{{U}} (39) {{/U}}and be persuaded. The letter, the report or memorandum (记录) the{{U}} (40) {{/U}}spoken "presentation" to a committee are basic tools of the employee.

单选题With the increasing pace of economic globalization and competition among various countries in the market, information, technology, professionals, capital and other types of economic resources is becoming increasingly evident. International (1) is becoming progressively (2) . Previously (3) competition among enterprises in different countries is growing gradually into competition among governments that finds expression in a concentrated form. Previous (4) contention for enterprises' interests in the world market now evidences itself in the contention for (5) interests. In this new situation, to (6) national interests and to enable a country to be constantly in a favorable position in the international market, the most important thing is to have a highly (7) government that (8) the full trust of citizens. The basic objective of the study of the "government administration" is to (9) the competitive edge of a government in the international market, to (10) the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors, and to enhance the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations. The evident (11) between government administration and enterprise management lies in the fact (12) the former is a macro-activity and represents the overall national interests. Considering this from the (13) of the theory of behavioral efficiency function, the degree of the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors and the standard of the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations have a direct (14) on the amount of national interests and the degree of security and happiness of its people. Thus, to (15) the level of overall national interests requires a highly efficient enterprise management and a high-quality enterprise group with significant core competitiveness. More importantly, it requires highly efficient government administration and the government's international competitiveness to have a (16) advantage. For China, a country that is still in the (17) of "shift in the mode of growth" and "transformation in the system", the fundamental (18) to turn this objective into a (19) is to make innovations in government administration. So, against the (20) backgrounds of economic globalization and the domestic economic transformation, how should we make innovations in government administration? I think many things can be done in this regard. Yet the most important thing is to effect the change of the concept, functions, forms and the institution of government administration.

单选题The critic's assessment of the book is that it is beautifully written.(2004年秋季电子科技大学考博试题)

单选题Chinese football( )in Asia because of its methods and strategies in training and practice.

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} The question of where insights come from has become a hot topic in neuroscience, despite the fact that they are not easy to induce experimentally in a laboratory. Dr. Bhattacharya and Dr. Sheth have taken a creative approach. They have selected some brain-teasing but practical problems in the hope that these would get closer to mimicking real insight: To qualify, a puzzle had to be simple, not too widely known and without a methodical solution. The researchers then asked 18 young adults to try to solve these problems while their brainwaves were monitored using an electroencephalograph (EEG). A typical brain-teaser went like this. There are three light switches on the ground-floor wall of a three-storey house. Two of the switches do nothing, but one of them controls a bulb on the second floor. When you begin, the bulb is off. You can only make one visit to the second floor. How do you work out which switch is the one that controls the light? This problem, or one equivalent to it, was presented on a computer screen to a volunteer when that volunteer pressed a button. The electrical activity of the volunteer’s brain (his brainwave pattern) was recorded by the EEG from the button’s press. Each volunteer was given 30 seconds to read the puzzle and another 60 to 90 seconds to solve it. Some people worked it out; others did not. The significant point, though, was that the EEG predicted who would fall where. Those volunteers who went on to have an insight (in this case that on their one and only visit to the second floor they could use not just the light hut the heat produced by a bulb as evidence of an active switch) had had different brainwave activity from those who never got it. In the right frontal cortex, a part of the brain associated with shifting mental states, there was an increase in high-frequency gamma waves (those with 47-48 cycles a second). Moreover, the difference was noticeable up to eight seconds before the volunteer realised he had found the solution. Dr. Sheth thinks this may he capturing the “transformational thought” in action, before the brain’s “owner” is consciously aware of it. This finding poses fascinating questions about how the brain really works. Conscious thought, it seems, does not solve problems. Instead, unconscious processing happens in the background and only delivers the answer to consciousness once it has been arrived at. Food for further thought, indeed.

单选题Most people seek some degree of inner peace at work, and it can be difficult to obtain. Work is stressful, and most of us tend to either overwork ourselves or we are, for other reasons, negatively affected by things happening at work. The struggle to maintain one's inner peace and avoid burnout(职业倦怠症)has become a standard ingredient, of modern working life. Many of us attend seminars on work life-balance, we see therapists, we meditate, or we seek advice on how to handle stressful careers. The balancing of one's personal life and work life is a challenge to all of us who aspire to be successful—by whatever relevant metric. It is not surprising that so much is being said and written on the topic. Unfortunately, I have noticed a tendency to talk about the dangers of burnout at work in terms that provoke fear and panic in the stressed individual rather than lead him or her to slow down. Our methods of discussing the dangers of stress and burnout are too defensive and too reactive. We tend to think that the busyness of work is somehow dangerous, and that we need to balance out the busyness with the emptiness of non-work. Our emphasis on practices such as meditation, yoga, mindfulness—or simply just periods of nothingness—as means of balancing out the stress of work illustrates this point. All of these things can be good and helpful in their own right, but they all stand for a "letting go" of things. They are defined by inactivity. This logic leads to a kind of life where the "active" is considered to be dangerous and something that should always be balanced out by the "inactive". We oscillate between the two extremes—fearful of staying too long in any of the camps. This oscillation is stressful in itself. It would be much better if we had a way of living that could embrace, enjoy, and handle the tough, everyday work life rather than constantly looking for ways to escape it.

单选题I'd like to invite him to ______ dinner next week, if that's OK with you.

单选题It will be very helpful if parents have seen the school environment and know what kind of tasks the school will______on the daily life of their child.(2013年10月中国科学院考博试题)

单选题(2008)Why didn't you show______at the meeting yesterday?

单选题The scientist decided he didn't want to be______with the project, and left.(2004年湖北省考博试题)

单选题The word "spot" in the third sentence of the first paragraph most probably means ______.

单选题As a result of a diet which is heavy on fresh vegetables, brown rice, soy and delicately cooked fish, Japan has the lowest rate of______in the developed world—just three per cent for men and women, compared with 23 per cent for women in Britain and 34 per cent for American women.

单选题According to the recent census, under-18s ______ nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families.

单选题Poor ______ he is, he is well contented.