单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Good looks, the video-games industry is discovering, will get you only so far. The graphics on a modern game may far outstrip the pixellated blobs of the 1980s, but there is more to a good game than eye candy. Photo-realistic graphics make the lack of authenticity of other aspects of gameplay more apparent. It is not enough for game characters to look better—their behaviour must also be more sophisticated, say researchers working at the interface between gaming and artificial intelligence(AI). Today' s games may look better, but the gameplay is"basically the same" as it was a few years ago, says Michael Mateas, the founder of the Experimental Game Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. AI, he suggests, offers an" untapped frontier" of new possibilities. "We are topping out on the graphics, so what' s going to be the next thing that improves gameplay?" asks John Laird, director of the A1 lab at the University of Michigan. Improved Al is a big part of the answer, he says. Those in the industry agree. The high-definition graphics possible on next-generation games consoles, such as Microsoft' s Xbox 360, are raising expectatious across the board, says Neff Young of Electronic Arts, the world' s biggest games publisher. "You have to have high-resolution models, which requires high-resolution animation," he says," so now I expect high-resolution behaviour." Representatives from industry and academia will converge in Marina del Rey, California, later this month for the second annual Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment(AIIDE ) conference. The aim, says Dr Laird, who will chair the event, is to Increase the traffic of people and ideas between the two spheres. "Games have been very important to AI through the years," he notes. Alan Turing, one of the pioneers of computing in the 1940s, wrote a simple chess-playing program before there were any computers to run it on; he also proposed the Turing test, a question-and-answer game that is a yardstick for machine intelligence. Even so ,AI research and video games existed in separate worlds until recently. The Al techniques used in games were very simplistic from an academic perspective, says Dr. Mateas, while Al researchers were, in turn, clueless about modern games. But, he says, "both sides are learning, and are now much closer." Consider, for example, the software that controls an enemy in a first-person shooter (FPS) —a game in which the player views the world along the barrel of a gun. The behaviour of enemies used to be pre-scripted: wait until the player is nearby, pop up from behind a box, fire weapon, and then roll and hide behind another box, for example. But some games now use far more advanced" planning systems" imported from academia. "Instead of scripts and hand-coded behaviour, the AI monsters in an FPS can reason from first principles," says Dr. Mateas. They can, for example, work out whether the player can see them or not, seek out cover when injured, and so on. "Rather than just moving between predefined spots, the characters in a war game can dynamically shift, depending on what's happening," says Fiona Sperry of Electronic Arts. If the industry is borrowing ideas from academia, the opposite is also true. Commercial games such as "Unreal Tournament", which can be easily modified or scripted, are being adopted as research tools in universities, says Dr. Laird. Such tools provide flexible environments for experiments, and also mean that students end up with transferable skills. But the greatest potential lies in combining research with game development, argues Dr. Mateas. "Only by wrestling with real content are the technical problems revealed, and only by wrestling with technology does it give you insight into what new kinds of content are possible, "he says.

单选题The greatest inventor Thomas Edison said that his success should be ______ to 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration.

单选题The newspaper's owner and editor ______ away on holiday. A. is B. are C. be D. have been

单选题The writer of the passage has a (an) ______ attitude towards dangerous sports.

单选题There is no universally (accepted) definition of (what) a developing country is. Neither (there is) (one of) what constitutes the process of economic development.A. acceptedB. whatC. there isD. one of

单选题exuberance

单选题______ of years ago, whales lived ______ land and walked on four legs. A. Millions, on B. Million, in C. Millions, on the D. Million, on

单选题The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} President Bush takes to the bully pulpit to deliver a stern lecture to America's business elite. The Justice Dept. stuns the accounting profession by filing a criminal indictment of Arthur Andersen LLP for destroying documents related to its audits of Enron Corp. On Capitol Hill, some congressional panels push on with biased hearings on Enron's collapse and, now, another busted New Economy star, telecom's Global Crossing. Lawmakers sign on to new bills aimed at tightening oversight of everything from pensions and accounting to executive pay. To any spectators, it would be easy to conclude that the winds of change are sweeping Corporate America, led by George W. Bush, who ran as "a reformer with result." But far from deconstructing the corporate world brick by brick into something cleaner, sparer, and stronger, Bush aides and many legislators are preparing modest legislative and administrative reforms. Instead of an overhaul, Bush's team is counting on its enforcers, Justice and a newly empowered Securities & Exchange Commission, to make examples of the most egregious offenders. The idea is that business will quickly get the message and clean up its own act. Why won't the {{U}}outraged rhetoric{{/U}} result in more changes? For starters, the Bush Administration warns that any rush to legislate corporate behavior could produce a raft of flawed bills that raise costs without halting abuses. Business has striven to drive the point home with an intense lobbying blitz that has convinced many lawmakers that over-regulation could startle the stock market and perhaps endanger the nascent economic recovery. All this sets the stage for Washington to get busy with predictably modest results. A surge of caution is sweeping would-be reformers on the Hill. "They know they don't want to make a big mistake," says Jerry J. Jasinowski, president of the National Association of Manufacturers. That go-slow approach suits the White House. Aides say the President, while personally disgusted by Enron's sellout of its pensioners, is reluctant to embrace new sanctions that frustrate even law-abiding corporations and create a litigation bonanza for trial lawyers. Instead, the White House will push for narrowly targeted action, most of it carried out by the SEC, the Treasury Dept. , and the Labor Dept. The right outcome, Treasury Secretary Paul H. O'Neill said on Mar. 15, "depends on the Congress not legislating things that are over the top." To O'Neill and Bush, that means enforcing current laws before passing too many new ones. Nowhere is that stance clearer than in the Andersen indictment. So the Bush Administration left the decision to Justice Dept. prosecutors rather than White House political operatives or their reformist fellows at the SEC.

单选题（上海理工大学2006年试题） In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved(旋转)around the earth. An【1】7% did not know which revolved around【2】. I have no doubt that;【3】all of these people were【4】in school that the earth revolves a-round the sun;【5】may even have written it【6】a test. But they never【7】their incorrect mental models of planetary(行星的)【8】because their every day observations didn't support【9】their teachers told them: People see the sun moving【10】the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary(静止的)【11】that is happening. Students can learn the right answers【12】heart in class, and yet never combined them【13】their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the【14】personal understanding of the world can【15】side by side, each unaffected by the other.Outside of class, the student continues to use the【16】models because it has always worked well【17】that circumstance. Unless professors address【18】errors in students' personal models of the world, students are not【19】to replace them with the【20】one.

单选题We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ______.

单选题{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}} Wilmut maintains that cloning animals has tremendous potential for helping people. Cloned Sheep, he says, could be used as living drug factories. Scientists could "engineer" sheep that produce drugs in their milk. And by altering the proteins on the surfaces of animal organs to make them more like human organs, scientists believe they may be able to create a plentiful source of organ donors for people. Why not clone humans as organ donors? Theoretically, Wilmut says, there is no reason his techniques couldn't someday be used to clone people. Think about the possibilities: a whole basketball team of Michael Jordans, a scientific panel of Albert Einsteins, a movie starring and co-starring Brad Pitts. On a more serious note, some experts argue that couples who have difficulty having a baby could make copies of themselves. And parents whose child has a fatal disease like cancer might be able to clone the child, creating a twin who could be a bone-marrow (骨髓) donor. But even Ian Wilmut draws the line at cloning humans. "All of us would find that offensive," he says. Several countries, including Britain, Denmark, Germany and Australia, have made all scientific work on cloning humans illegal. The U.S. has no such law, but President Clinton has set up a panel of scientists and philosophers to study the issue. In the meantime, Clinton has imposed a ban on using federal money to clone humans. Humans are more than the sum of their genes, argues a philosopher at one research institute. Though they look exactly the same, clones are not necessarily exact copies. The younger twin might grow up with different influences—say, unusual friends or special teachers. A cloned Albert Einstein might fail his physics class. A cloned pop star might sing terribly. Say you were cloned. Would your twin live a shorter life because he or she started out with DNA that was already 10, 20 or 30 years old? Scientists aren't sure. And how could you prevent someone from taking a sample of your hair and making a clone of you? Again, no solutions. What do you think? Should scientists be allowed to clone animals? How about humans?

单选题It was cloudy this morning, but it ______fine.

单选题Which of the following is NOT directly related to the Irish Dramatic Movement?

单选题{{B}}Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and write down the corresponding letter. {{/B}} Dear Jose, You have asked me for suggestions on how to get along in the United States. It is difficult to give advice, but I have found the following "do's" and "don'ts" helpful. As a rule, it isn't easy to find anyone to{{U}} (21) {{/U}}in a big city. However, here are some suggestions.{{U}} (22) {{/U}}, get or borrow{{U}} (23) {{/U}}! Walk him several times a day! Americans love dogs and usually stop{{U}} (24) {{/U}}to anyone with a dog.{{U}} (25) {{/U}}, try to eat in a cafeteria. People generally{{U}} (26) {{/U}}the same tables and will sometimes talk to you{{U}} (27) {{/U}}they see that you are a{{U}} (28) {{/U}}. Next, take your dirty clothes to a laundry! It takes about an hour to wash and dry, and many people become kind there. They often pass the time talking to the other customers.{{U}} (29) {{/U}}ask for information from a woman, if you are a man, and from a man, if you are a woman! It seems to get{{U}} (30) {{/U}}results for a reason I can't understand. Learn the{{U}} (31) {{/U}}, "Please," "Thank you, "and "You're welcome" before you come and use them all the time! They usually work like magic. There are some things you{{U}} (32) {{/U}}. Don't tell the truth when people ask "How are you?" They only{{U}} (33) {{/U}}the answer to be "Fine." Never ask people their{{U}} (34) {{/U}}—especially woman! Everyone wants to be young. Don't tell heavy people they are{{U}} (35) {{/U}}. Tell them they are losing weight. Everyone here wants to be thin. Don't be late for appointment! When someone says six o'clock, be sure to be there by six. Americans respect time and expect everyone to be "on time". Above all, don't worry! Just follow my advice and bring a lot of money and you will get along. I hope I have been of some help to you. Cordially yours, John

单选题In his paintings, Picasso tried to capture the ______of his subjects.