问答题Present the major view of language in functional linguistics OR interactionalism and then discuss its important implications for foreign language teaching and learning.(15 points)

问答题Robinson Crusoe

问答题The power of words, then, lies in their associations—the things they bring up before our minds.

问答题Directions:A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160--200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,2)andgiveyourcomments.

问答题The value which society places on work has traditionally been closely associated with the value of individualism and as a result it has had negative effects on the development of social security. (46) It has meant that in the first place the amount of benefits must be small lest people's willingness to work and support themselves suffers. Even today with flat rate and earnings-related benefits, the total amount of the benefit must always be smaller than the person's wages for fear of malingering, "The purpose of social security," said Huntford referring to Sweden's comparatively generous benefits, "is to dispel need without crossing the threshold of prosperity." (47) Second, social security benefits are granted under conditions designed to reduce the likelihood of even the boldest of spirits attempting to live on the State rather than work. Many of the rules surrounding the payment of unemployment or supplementary benefit are for this purpose. Third, the value placed on work is manifested in a more positive way as in the case of disability. People suffering from accidents incurred at work or from occupational diseases receive preferential treatment by the social security service compared with those suffering from civil accidents and ordinary illnesses. Yet, the stranglehold which work has bad on the social security service has been increasingly loosened over the years. The provision of family allowances, family income supplements, the slight liberalization of the wages stop are some of the manifestations of this trend. (48) Similarly, the preferential treatment given to occupational disability by the social security service has been increasingly questioned with the demands for the upgrading of benefits for the other types of disability. It is felt that in contemporary industrial societies the distinction between occupational and non-occupational disability is artificial for many non-occupational forms of disability have an industrial origin even if they do not occur directly in the workplace. (49) There is also the additional reason which we mentioned in the argument for one benefit for all one-parent families, that a modern social security service must concentrate on meeting needs irrespective of the causes behind such needs. The relationship between social security and work is not all a one-way affair. (50)It is true that until very recently the general view was that social security "represented a type of luxury and was essentially anti economic". It was seen as merely government expenditure for the needy. As we saw, however, redundancy payments and earnings-related unemployment benefits have been used with some success by employers and the government to reduce workers' opposition towards loss of their jobs.

问答题Translate the following Chinese into English. 人有时非常矛盾。本来活得好好的，各方面的环境都不错，然而当事者却常常心存厌倦.对人类这种因生命的平淡和缺少激情而苦恼的心态，有时是不能用不知足来解释的。我曾对件在森林的一对夫妻羡慕不已，因为森林里有清新的空气，有大片的杉树、竹林，有幽静的林间小道，有鸟语和花香。然而，当这对夫妇知道有人羡慕他们的住所时，却神情诧异。他们认为这儿没有多少值得观光和留恋的景致，远不如城市丰富有趣。

问答题There is no greater power in the world today than that wielded by the manipulators of public opinion in America. (1) No king or pope of old, no conquering general or high priest ever disposed of a power even remotely approaching that of the few dozen men who control America"s mass news and entertainment media. (2) Their power is not distant and impersonal; it reaches into every home in America, and it works its will during nearly every waking hour. It is the power which shapes and molds the mind of virtually every citizen, young or old, rich or poor, simple or sophisticated. The mass media form for us our image of the world and then tell us what to think about that image. (3) Essentially everything we know—or think we know—about events outside our own neighborhood or circle of acquaintances comes to us via our daily newspaper, our weekly news magazine, our radio, or our television. It is not just the heavy-handed suppression of certain news stories from our newspapers or the blatant propagandizing of history-distorting TV "docudramas" which characterizes the opinion-manipulating techniques of the media masters. They exercise both subtlety and thoroughness in their management of both the news and the entertainment which they present to us. For example, the way in which the news is covered: (4) which items are emphasized and which are played down, the reporter"s choice of words, tone of voice, and facial expressions; the wording of headlines; the choice of illustrations—all of these things subliminally (潜意识地) and yet profoundly affect the way in which we interpret what we see or hear. On top of this, of course, the columnists and editors remove any remaining doubt from our minds as to just what we are to think about it all. (5) Employing carefully developed psychological techniques, they guide our thought and opinion so that we can be in tune with the "in" crowd, the "beautiful people," the "smart money." They let us know exactly what our attitudes should be toward various types of people and behavior by placing those people or that behavior in the context of a TV drama or situation comedy and having the other TV characters react to them in the politically correct way.

问答题What is the purpose of studying language and mind? (南开大学2004研)

问答题随着我国社会经济的迅猛发展、人民生活水平的提高和医疗卫生事业的改善，我国老年人口明显增多。 少我对此忧心忡忡。但有识之士指出，我们不仅要看到人口老龄化所带来的巨大的压力，也要看到人口 龄化背后所蕴涵的商机以及老年人丰富的智力、经验等资源，要将压力变为机遇。

问答题Sentimentalism

问答题Directions: For this part, you are supposed to write a composition in English in 100-120 words based on the following information. Remember to write it clearly. 根据下面的汉语提示，写一篇题为“Why Should We Learn English”的短文。 (1)英语现已成为一种国际语言； (2)现在大多数书籍、报纸和杂志都以英文出版和印刷； (3)学习英语需要耐心。

问答题What is your comment on the following paragraph? Rewrite it and explain why you want to rewrite it that way.One winter morning when Father left the Riding Club on horseback, Father"s horse fell with Father. Not only did the stupid animal fall but the animal landed on Father"s foot. Father pulled Father"s foot out from under, got the horse up, and went on to the Park for Father"s ride. But Father found later that one of Father"s toes had been bent and that Father couldn"t straighten the toe out.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) offer your suggestion (s). You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题People have a short attention span. So in order to capture the viewers" attention, television must provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. The result of doing so is that news is too brief and results in inefficient communication. Many news programs are like "machine-gunning with scraps and fight coherence of mind. The appeal to the short attention will decivilize as well. To avoid complexity means to give up thinking. The "functionally illiterates" among adult Americans are continually increasing. They even do not know how to answer the want ad. Or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. At least television should be responsible for part of it.

问答题国务院侨务办公室

问答题Gothic novel(2 points)

问答题路边所有灯都亮了，这条大街看起来从来没有这么漂亮过。

问答题Performatives(中山大学2008研)

问答题《孟子》

问答题Directions: In this part, you are allowed to write a letter to express your concern for the hurricane of your friend"s hometown. You should write a letter to your friend to show the sympathy. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. Do not write the address.